Vocabulary general 2 pptx

CERTAIN OR CURTAIN certain or curtain CERTAIN means sure. Are you CERTAIN that he apologised? CURTAINS are window drapes. Do draw the CURTAINS. Note that the c sounds like s in certain and like k in curtain. See SOFT c AND SOFT G. changeable (not -gable) See SOFT c AND SOFT G. chaos chaotic character (not charachter) chateau/chateau (singular) chateaux or chateaux (plural) See FOREIGN PLURALS. check or cheque? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide: Always CHECK your work. May I pay by CHEQUE? (not 'check' as in the United States) cherub (singular) This word has two plurals. Cherubim is reserved exclusively for the angels often portrayed as little children with wings. Cherubs can be used either for angels or for enchanting small children. chestnut (not chesnut, as it is often mispronounced) 44 t t t CHORD OR CORD? chief (singular) chiefs (plural) See PLURALS (v). childish or childlike? The teenager was rebuked by the magistrate for his CHILDISH behaviour, (i.e. which he should have outgrown) The grandfather has retained his sense of CHILDLIKE wonder at the beauty of the natural world, (i.e. marvellously direct, innocent and enthusiastic) chimney (singular) chimneys (plural) See PLURALS (iii). chior Wrong spelling. See CHOIR. chocolate (not choclat although often mispronounced as such) choice (not -se) choir (not -io-) choose I CHOOSE my words carefully. I am CHOOSING my words carefully. I CHOSE my words carefully yesterday. I have CHOSEN them carefully. chord or cord? CHORD is used in a mathematical or musical context. CORD refers to string and is generally used when referring to anatomical parts like the umbilical cord, spinal cord and vocal cords. Note-, you will occasionally see CHORD used instead of CORD in a medical context but it seems very old- fashioned now. 45 CHRISTIANITY Christianity (not Cr-) Christinas (not Cristmas or Chrismas) chronic (not cr-) This word is often misused. It doesn't mean terrible or serious. It means long-lasting, persistent, when applied to an illness. chrysanthemum (not cry-) chrystal Wrong spelling. See CRYSTAL. cieling Wrong spelling. See CEILING. cigarette (not -rr) cite, sight or site? To CITE means to refer to. SIGHT is vision or something seen. A SITE is land, usually set aside for a particular purpose. clarity See AMBIGUITY. clothes or cloths? CLOTHES are garments. CLOTHS are dusters or scraps of material. coarse or course? COARSE means vulgar, rough: COARSE language, COARSE cloth. COURSE means certainly: 46 COLONEL OR KERNEL? OF COURSE COURSE also means a series of lectures, a direction, a sports area, and part of a meal: an advanced COURSE to change COURSE a golf COURSE the main COURSE codeine (not -ie-) colander (not -ar) collaborate collaborated, collaborating collaborator collaboration collapse collapsed, collapsing collapsible (not -able) colleagues collective nouns See NOUNS. college (not colledge) colloquial collossal Wrong spelling. See COLOSSAL. colonel or kernel? A COLONEL is a senior officer. A KERNEL is the inner part of a nut. 47 COLONS colons (i) Colons can introduce a list: Get your ingredients together: flour, sugar, dried fruit, butter and milk. Note that a summing-up word should always precede the colon (here 'ingredients'). (ii) Colons can precede an explanation or amplification of what has gone before: The teacher was elated: at last the pupils were gaining in confidence. Note that what precedes the colon must always be able to stand on its own grammatically. It must be a sentence in its own right. (iii) Colons can introduce dialogue in a play: Henry (with some embarrassment): It's all my fault. (iv) Colons can be used instead of a comma to introduce direct speech: Henry said, with some embarrassment: 'It's all my fault.' (v) Colons can introduce quotations: Donne closes the poem with the moving tribute: 'Thy firmness makes my circle just And makes me end where I began.' (vi) Colons can introduce examples as in this reference book. Compare SEMICOLONS. colossal (not -11-) 48 t COMMAS colour (not color, as in American English) colourful comemorate Wrong spelling. See COMMEMORATE. comfortable (four syllables, not three) coming come + ing = coming (not comming) See ADDING ENDINGS (ii). comission Wrong spelling. See COMMISSION. commands (i) Direct commands, if expressed emphatically, require an exclamation mark: Stop, thief! Put your hands up! Stop talking! If expressed calmly and conversationally, however, a full stop is sufficient: Just wait there a moment and I'll be with you. Tell me your story once again. (ii) Reported commands (indirect commands) never need an exclamation mark because, when they are reported, they become statements. He ordered the thief to stop. She told him to put his hands up. The teacher yelled at the class to stop talking. commas Commas are so widely misused that it is worth discussing their function in some detail. First, let us make it very clear when commas cannot be used. 49 . cord? CHORD is used in a mathematical or musical context. CORD refers to string and is generally used when referring to anatomical parts like the umbilical cord, spinal cord and