INDEX 2635 Magnesium alloys 586–588, 1372 applications 586 bearing strength 588 coloring 1464 compositions 587 compressive strength 588 cutting fluids for 1148, 1154–1155 designations 586 die casting 1372 elongation 588 extruded bars 587 machining 1154–1155 mechanical properties 588 plate 587 pressure die casting 587 properties 588 sand and permanent mold 587 shear strength 588 sheet 587 soldering of 1382 tensile strength 588 yield strength 588 Magnesium, coating 1466 Magnetic clutches 2352–2353 Malleable cast iron 1361 iron castings 1361 Iron Research Institute 1369 strength 1361 Manganese bronze castings 558 gearing material 2147 steel 446–447 Manganese-bronze castings 558 Manila rope, strength 387, 391 Mantissa, logarithm 111 Manual data input, NC 1269 Manufacturers' standard gage for sheet steel 2522 Manufacturing cell, flexible, N C 1264 module 1264 system 1264 Marble turning 1083 Martempering 521 Martensite 511 Mass 141–143 units and conversion of 2571–2573 Materials disc spring 355 mechanical properties of 203–204 spring, disc 355 Mathematical constants, frequently used 16 signs and abbreviations 2542 Matrix 119–122 addition 119 adjoint 121 cofactors 121 column 119 determination 120 Matrix (continued) diagonal 119 identity 119 inverse 122 minors 121 multiplication 119 rank 122 row 119 simultaneous equations 122 singular 122 square 119–120 subtraction 119 zero 119 Maximum bending load, wood 412 material condition (MMC) 637 temperature, plastics 416 MBEC bearing tolerances 2263 M-codes (M-words), NC 1278 Mean positional deviation 1245–1248 Measurement of backlash 2071 Measuring angles wi th sine-bar 695–705 buttress thread 1910 compound angles 108–110 dovetail slides 713 gear size 2125–2143 instruments and gaging methods 692 over pins bolt circle 717 gear size 2125–2143 splines 2175 over pins, bolt circle 717 pitch diameter thread ring gages 1911 three wire method 1900 radius or arc, over rolls 717–718 tapers 698 center distance 716 diameter 716 threads American standard 1899–1901 buttress 1910–1911 taper screw 1909 tapered 1909 using micrometer 1893 using screw thread gage 1910 using three-wire method 1893, 1910 Whitworth 1901 V-shaped groove, over pins 717 with light-wave interference bands 723 with micrometer 694–695, 1893 with vernier 692–693 Measuring screw threads Acme thread 1899 Acme thread thickness 1905 ball point micrometer 1894 buckingham involute helicoid formula 1903 buttress thread 1899, 1910 contact pres sure, measurement 1897 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2636 Measuring screw threads (continued) formula for checking pitch diameter 1899 formula to taper pipe threads 1909 formula, three wire method 1898 helical gear formula 1903 lowenherz 1899 pipe thread 1899 pitch diameter equivalent 1909 profiles 1895 three wire method 1897 Acme threads 1905, 1907 buttress thread 1910 checking thickness of Acme thread 1905 stub Acme threads 1905, 1907 testing angle of thread 1906 wire diameters and constants 1907 wire sizes 1906 V thread 1899 Whitworth 1899, 1901 wire accuracy 1897 wire diameter 1910 wire sizes for checking pitch diameters 1896 worm thread 1899 Mebi 2546 Mechanical equivalent of heat 2583 Mechanical properties aluminum alloys 583 bolts, inch sizes 1508–1509 bolts, metric sizes 1540 ceramics 415 copper 569 magnesium 586–588 nickel 589–590 plastics 416, 596 powdered metal alloys 419 spring wire 421 stainless steels 472–473 steel 474 titanium 589, 591 tool steels 475 vari ous materials 203–204 wood 411–412 Mechanics of materials 141 acceleration 169, 171 due to gravity, g 142 algebraic solution of force systems 145, 148–156 angular impulse 177 momentum 177 velocity 167, 169 center and radius of oscillation 235 of gravity 225–231, 235 of percussion 235 centrifugal force 179–182 calculating 180 couples 147–148 Mechanics of materials (continued) differential pulley 163 dynamics 141 energy 173–174 flywheels 183, 194 force 145, 148–149 force of a blow 175 graphical solution of force systems 145– 149 impulse and momentum 176–178 angular 177 inclined plane 161, 171 kinetic energy 173–175 levers 159 linear velocity 167 metric SI units 141–145 moment of inertia 236–252 momentum 176–178 Newton's laws 171 pendulums 165–166 potential energy 173–174 pound force 142 power 178–179 pulleys 162 radius of gyration 232–235 radius of oscillation 235 scalar and vector quantities 145 screw 163 SI metric units 141–145 statics 141 toggle joints 164 torque 172 units 142 vectors 145 velocity, angular 167–170 velocity, linear 167–168 wedge 161 wheels 162 work 174, 178–179 and energy relat ion 174 and power formulas 178–179 performed by forces and couples 174 Melting points alloys of copper and zinc 1382–1383 alloys of lead and tin 1380 aluminum 403 brazing alloys 1382–1385 cast iron 404 chemical elements 398 copper alloys 403–404 solder 1380 sta inless steels 404 titanium alloys 404 Metal alumimium alloys 403 balls, standard 2323–2331 bonded grinding wheels 971–972, 1178 casting 1365 coatings conversion coatings 1462–1464 surface coatings 1464–1471 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2637 Metal (continued) coloring 1462–1464 etching 1461–1464 foundry patterns 1369 identification 441, 551 injection molding 1374 numbering systems for 440–449 patterns 1369 plasma welding 1414–1416 removal rate 1088, 1163 slitting saws 801 spraying process 1472 temperature effect on strength 421 working fluids occupational exposure 1149– 1152 working application 1150 working fluids 1149–1150 Metal balls ordering specification 2324 preferred gages 2325 tolerances 2325 Metal washers bright 1584 metric series 1584–1585 Metallography 534 Metallurgy, powder 1379 Meters into feet 2562 Metric basic sizes, British Standard preferred 690 bolts and screws, British Standard clearance holes for 1938 conversion factors 2553 dimensions on drawings 735 dowel pins, British Standard 1668–1669 drawings, scales 736 fasteners ANSI hex nuts 1563 ANSI nut thread series 1563 bolts and screws bolt cl earance holes 1556 bolt designation 1551 bolt thread lengths 1551 bolt thread series 1556 cap screws 1553, 1557–1559 clearance holes 1558 countersink 1557 diameter-length combinations 1552, 1554 drill and counterbore sizes 1557 drilled head dimensions 1558 hex flange screws 1553 hex screws 1553 hex structural bolts 1554 identification symbols 1551 neck bolts 1554, 1558 socket head cap screws 1555 socket head neck screws 1558 thread length 1551–1552 Metric (continued) fasteners hex structural bolts 1549 nuts 1564 ANSI Standard 1562 bearing surfaces 1561 materials 1561 mechanical properties 1561 heavy hex structural bolts 1549 hex bolts 1550 inch vernier, dual 693–694 International System of Units (SI) 2544– 2546 ISO limits and fits, British Standard 679 keys and keyways, British Standard 2374–2380 micrometer, reading 694–695 module, gear cutter 2052 gear teeth 2121–2124 round head square neck bolts 1547–1548 screw threads aerospace screws, bolts and nuts 1805 basic profile 1727, 1788 crest diameter tolerance 1819 design profiles 1817 designation 1817–1818 diameter pitch combinations 1804– 1805, 1823 dimensional effect of coating 1793 fits 1788 fundamental deviation 1790, 1818 le ngth of thread engagement 1791, 1817 lengths of engagement 1819–1822 limiting dimensions formula 1793 limits and fits 1787 limits and tolerance 1819–1822 M crest 1784 M profile 1784 external thread 1784 internal thread 1784 M profile designations 1790 minor diameter tolerances 1790 MJ profile designations 1807 symbols 1807 root form 1784 tolerance system 1790 tolerances of external threads 1795, 1797–1798 tolerances of pitch -diameter 1795 series British ISO hexagon bolts, nuts, and screws 1574 machine screws and nuts 1605–1613 metal washers 1584–1586 spring washers 1582–1584 taps 922–925 SI units, factors and prefixes 2546 sizes, preferred for flat metal products 2523 systems of measurement 2544 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2638 Metric (continued) threads, British (ISO) 1805, 1814, 1823 threads, SI 1857 twist drills, ANSI 854–873 vernier, reading 693 washers, plain, ANSI 1566, 1568 Metric system (SI) 141–142 base units 143 in mechanics calculations 141–145 in strength of materials calculations 203, 213–215, 218, 221–224, 232, 236–237, 260, 273, 277–278, 280–281, 283–284, 286, 293–297, 300–302, 304–306 Micarta, machining 1157 Microinch 2549 into micrometers (microns) 2560–2561 Micrometer into microinches 2560–2561 reading 694–695 screw thread 1893 Microprocessor 1258–1259 Microscope screw thread 1885–1889 Mil 2549 Mile s into kilometers 2562 Military plating specifications 1464–1471 Mill or saw files 963 Millimeters hundreds of, into inches 2553 into inches 3, 2552–2553, 2558–2559 thousandths of an inch, into 2556–2557 Milling angular 802, 808 cam 2212 change gears for helical or spiral 1964– 1982 chip geometry 1123 cost 1122 cutters, hollow 1132 depth of cut 1056–1058 economy 1129 feeds for cemented carbide cutters 1044–1053 high-speed steel cutters 1054 in inches per tooth for cemented carbide cutters 1044–1053 helical, change gears for different leads 1964–1982 horsepower for 1082–1090 lead angle 1056, 1058 machine tool shanks 1313 short lead 1965 speed adjustment factors 1056–1058 speeds and feeds alum inum alloys 1044 automatic screw machine 1132 copper alloys 1037, 1055 ferrous cast metals 1052–1053 light metals 1044 metal slitting (saws) 801, 1043 Milling (continued) speeds and feeds plain carbon and alloy steels 1045– 1048 stainless steels 1050–1051 titanium and titanium alloys 1038 tool steels 1049–1050 thread 1962–1963 Milling cutters 796–831 ANSI Standard 797–820 arbor keys and keyways 819 arbor type 815 bevel gear 817, 2089–2090 casting 1377 clearance angles 796, 825 concave and convex 815 corner rounding 800, 815 double angle 802 eccentric type radial relief 826 end mills 804–814 medium helix 813 stub length 813 terminology 803 with weldon shanks 813 gear 816–817 grinding or sharpening 823–831 hand of cut 797–798 cutter 797 flute helix 799 rotation 798 helical gear 2109 high speed steel 807 indi cator drop methods of checking relief and rake angles 826 keys and keyways 819 keyseat 820 metal slitting (saws) 801 mounting method 797 multiple flute 809 number of teeth 796 peripheral teeth 827 pitch diameter 2109 plain and ball end 810 radial relief angle 827 rake angles 796, 826 relief on cutting edges 797 relieved corner rounding cutters 800 roller chain sprocket 817–818 selection of 796 setting angles for milling teeth in 821– 824 sharpening wheels 824 shell mills 803 single angle 802, 808–809 sintered carbide 826 speeds and feeds for sharpening 825 spline shaft 824 spur gear 816, 2052 taper and weldon shanks 800 teeth, clearance angles 825 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2639 Milling cutters (continued) terminology 801 tool material 826 T-slot 800 weldon shanks 800, 812, 814 with taper shanks 809 Woodruff keyseats 820 Milling machine Brown & Sharpe 2011 centering plugs 943 Cincinnati 2017–2020 cutters for 14.5-deg. pressure angle gears 816–817 draw-in bolt ends 943 indexing 1983–2024 lead of 1964 spindle noses 940–941, 944 tapers for 940 tool shanks 942 V-flange, NC 1313 Miner's law of linear damage 207 Miniature end mills 808–809 Miniature screw threads 1777–1781 basic thread form 1777 design thread form 1777–1778 formulas 1777 hole sizes 1936 root flats 1781 tapping 1936 tolerances and size 1780 Minors of a matrix 121 Minutes into decimals of a degree 96, 98 Miscelaneous threads aero-thread 1890 Miscellaneous functions, NC 1278 Mixed numbers 9 Module 2031 flexible manufacturing, NC 1264 splines, metric 2176–2181 system gearing 2121–2124 diametral pitch 2123 form ulas 2121, 2123 rules 2123 Modulus of creep or apparent 602 elasticity, E (Young’s modulus) 204 for various materials 204 iron and steel 474 nickel-based alloy 312–313 nonferrous metals 554 of various materials 420 perforated metal 2521 plastics 416, 596–598, 601 spring materials 349–350 polar section 213, 248–249 rupture powdered metal alloys 419 wood 411–412 secant 598 shear, G (rigidity) 204, 600 for various materials 204, 609 Modulus of (continued) shear, G (rigidity) in angular deflection formula 214 nonferrous metals 554 spring materials 350 Mol 410 Mold dispensable patterns 1375 Molding green sand 1366 shell 1366 Molds, steels for permanent 497 Molecular weight 410 Molybdenum gearing material 2147 high-speed steel s chemical composition 541 tool steels 488, 490–491, 493 steels, SAE 442 Moment and torque in combined stresses 215 in simple stresses 213 unit conversion 2577–2578 Moment of a force 141, 147 Moments of inertia 236–252 angles, steel 2515–2517 built-up sections 237 channels, aluminum 2518 channels, steel 2514 circle 241 circular ring 242 cross-sections 238–247 ellipse 242 formulas for various sections 238–247 half circle 241 hollow circle 241 I or S shapes, steel 2513 I-beams, aluminum 2518 I-beams, steel 2509–2513 I-section 242 L-section 246 octagon 241 of complex areas 252 pipe 2360–2361 plane areas 236 polar 236, 248–252 cone, frustum 252 cylinder, hollow 250 ellipsoid 251 paraboloid 251 prism 250 pyramid 250 soli d ring 251 sphere 250 spherical sector and segment 251 torus 251 rectangles 239, 253 round shafts, table for 254–259 structural channels 2514, 2518 trapezoid 240 triangle 240 T-section 245 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2640 Moments of inertia (continued) units conversion 2587 wide flange, steel 2509–2512 Z-section 247 Momentum 176–178 Monel metals, machining 1155 properties 589–590 Monotron for hardness testing 549 Morse reamers for sockets 851 stub taper shanks 927–928 taper shank twist drill 881 tapers 926–937 Mortising wood 414 Motion accelerated 169, 171–172 constant acceleration 167 constant velocity 167 force and work 171, 174 general formulas 167, 169 constant acceleration 167, 169 Newton first law 171 second law 171 third law 171 on inclined plane 161, 171 rotary, formulas 169 uniformly accelerated 167 Motion control 2487 analog transducers 2495 closed loop system 2488–2489 control function 2490 features of controllers 2490 damping system response 2490 driving power 2490 electric motors 2492 electromechanical system 2491 el ectronic control 2500 feedback transducers 2494 gearing 2493 hydraulic fluids 2496 hydraulic pumps 2496 hydraulic systems 2497–2498 control systems 2496 electronic controls 2500 proportional control 2499 pumps and fluids 2495–2496 mechanical stiffness and vibration 2491 motor types 2488 open loop systems 2487 pneumatic systems 2496–2497, 2500 proportional system 2499 synchros and resolvers 2495 system application factors 2487 torsional vibration 2492 Motors, electric 2465, 2492 adjustable speed motors 2468 adjustable-voltage, shunt-wound 2469 alternating current 2469–2472 armature rotors 2479 Motors, electric (continued) ball or roller bearings 2478 brushes 2478 characteristics 2468–2477 classes of standards 2465 commutators 2478 compound-wound 2469–2470 constant speed motors 2468 control 2488, 2492 current definitions 2465 DC motors 2476–2477 design letters 2465 direction of rotation 2467 frame sizes, standard 2465 high frequency induction 2471 horsepower requirements 2473 hydraulic, N C 2495–2496 induction motor 2470 injurious operating conditions 2475 inspection schedule 2478–2479 insulating materials 2475 locked rotor current and torque ratings 2466–2467 lubrication, proper 2478 maintaining and repairing 2478–2479 maintenance 2478 mechanical condition 2478 monthly inspection 2478 mounting dimensions, standard 2465 multiple speed induction 2471 multispeed motor 2468 NEMA 2465–2467 standards for 2465–2466 polyphase AC motor 2470 polyphase wound-rotor 2466 pull up torque 2466, 2468 rotation, standard direction 2467 rotors and armatures 2478 selection 2473–2474 shunt-wound 2469 single-phase motors characteristics 2472 space limitations 2474 speed reducer type 2473 speed requirements 2473 squirrel cage induction 2469–2470 squirrel cage rotors 2479 stepper, NC 2493 synchronous motor 2470 temperature effects 2475 torque and inertia requirements 2473 torque definitions 2467 type, dc and ac 2468, 2492 types and characteristics for different applications 2476–2477, 2492 variable speed 2467–2468 weekly inspection 2478 windings 2478 wound rotor induction 2471 wound rotor type 2470 Mounted wheels and points 952–954 Mounting bearings 2294 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2641 Multiple or block indexing 2021–2022 Multiplication of matrix 119 Multiplying 15 decimal fractions 10 fraction and mixed numbers 9 numbers written in powers-of-ten notation 15 Music wire 309 Music wire, gages 2519 M-words, NC 1278 N Nails and spikes, standard 1476 National Tube Co. 298 Nautical measure 2549 NC programming 1269–1312 Negative and positive numbers 4 Negative functions of angles 99 NEMA standards for electric motors 2465– 2467 Net present value 131 Newton's laws of motion 171 Newton’s laws of motion 143 Newton-Raphson method 33 Newtons into pounds force 2577 Nickel alloys 589–590 applications 589–590 chemical composition 589–590 chromium steels, SAE strength 474 coefficient of expansion 404 density 404 elongation 418, 589–590 gearing material 2146–2147 hardness 418 machining 1155–1156 melting points 404 plating 1467, 1469 specific heat 404 tensile strength 418, 589–590 thermal conductivity 404 yield strength 418 Nitinol, machining 1155 Nitralloy steels 527 Nitriding 509, 527 hi gh-speed steel tools 543 ion nitriding 527 Nitrogen, liquid temperature 648 Nodular cast iron 1361 Noise, machinery 1325 Nomenclature bevel gears 2085 gear teeth 2033 spur gears 2034 Nominal clearance 2159 Nominal vs effective interest rates 126 Nondestructive testing symbols 1441–1442 Nonferrous metals 554 machining 1153–1156 Nonferrous metals (continued) modulus of elasticity 554 modulus of shear 554 shear strength 554 strength 420, 554 tensile strength 554 yield strength 554 Normal distribution curve 1245–1248 positional deviation 1245–1248 Normalizing 450 temperatures, alloy steel 532–533 Norton Company 1180, 1188–1194 Nose radius 754 carbide tools 767 single point tool 767 Nozzles, flow of water through 425 Number of nails and spikes in a pound 1476 Number of teeth 2031 Num bering systems for aluminum alloys 575 for aluminum alloys, wrought 578 for metals and alloys 440, 442 for steel 440–443 Numbers associative law 4 commutative law 4 distributive law 4 identity law 4 inverse law 4 positive and negative 4 powers-of-ten notation 14, 16 preferred series 656, 690 prime 19–28 progressions 36–37 Numerical control 1254–1325 absolute programming 1277 accuracy, repeatability, and resolution 1245–1248 adaptive control 1262 addresses, letter 1272 APT programming 1292–1309 circles 1298–1299, 1301 computational statements 1294 example program 1306 for turning 1307–1309 geometry statements 1294 lines 1296 motion statements 1299–1304 planes 1302 points 1295 postprocessor statements 1304–1309 tabulated cylinder 1303 automatically programmed tool (APT) 1292–1309 axis nomenclature 1264–1268 bit 1258 block 1272–1274 byte 1258 CA D/CAM 1324–1325 central processing unit 1258 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2642 Numerical control (continued) circular interpolation 1283–1284 closed-loop system 1262 computer-aided part programming 1270 control, adaptive 1262 cutter compensation 1280–1282, 1310– 1312 cutter location data 1271 decimal point programming 1272 direct (or distributed) NC 1324 feed rate override 1280 fixed (canned) cycles 1287–1291 flexible manufacturing cell 1264 module 1264 system 1263 format detail 1272 F-word 1279 G-code addresses 1274–1278 helical interpolation 1284 incremental programming 1277 initial graphics exchange specification (IGES) 1322–1324 insert holders for NC 1310–1312 insert radius compensation 1310–1312 interpolation circular 1283–1284 helical and parabolic 1284 linear 1282 letter addresses 1272–1274 macro 1286–1287 manual data input 1269 microprocessor 1258–1259 miscellaneous functions 1278 parabolic interpolation 1284 parametric expressions and macros 1286–1287 programming, NC 1286–1287 subroutine 1286–1287 part programming 1269–1272 part tolerance symbols ANSI 1250–1253 compared to ISO 633 points, lines, circles (APT) 1295–1299 postprocessor 1272, 1294 preload registers (G92) 1278 preparatory word 1274–1278 programmable controllers 1258–1262 programming absolute 1277 incremental 1277 NC 1269–1312 repeatability, accuracy, and resolution 1245–1248 sequence number 1274 standards 1255–1256 steeper motors 2493 subroutine 1285–1287 S-word 1280 tapping 1942 Numerical control (continued) thread cutting 1291 tool compensation 1310–1312 data table 1280 length offset 1282 nose radius compensation 1282, 1310– 1312 offset 1281 total indicator reading 1267 turning cycles 1291 T-word 1280–1282 V-flange tool shanks 1313 word address format 1272–1274 zero suppression 1274 Nuts acorn 1523 ANSI, inch dimensions flat jam 1520 hex 1513 hex flat 1520 hex slotted 1520, 1522 hex thick slotted 1521–1522 ja m 1519 machine screw 1587 square 1513, 1522 T-type 1666 Unified 1519, 1522 ANSI, metric dimensions heavy hex 1567 hex jam 1567 hex, styles 2 and 3 1562 metric hex flange nuts 1564 prevailing torque, hex 1565–1566 slotted hex 1563 British Standard 1614 ISO metric 1574–1577 metric 1605, 1608, 1610, 1615 Unified 1616 Whitworth 1571, 1573, 1617, 1638 crown, low and high (SAE) 1523 eye nuts 395 friction coefficients 1498 high, SAE 1524 slotted, high hex (SAE) 1524 tap 892, 904, 910–911 wing nuts 1712–1715 wrench clearances 1530–1531 wrench openings 1530 Nylon bearings 2265 properties 416 rope, strength of 389 O Obtuse-angle triangles solution 64, 94–95 Octagon area 65 moment of inertia 241 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY INDEX 2643 Octagon (continued) radius of gyration 241 section modulus 241 Offhand grinding 1229 Offset method of determining yield strength 204 Ohm’s law 2587 Oil feeding and grooving of bearings 2229 Oil lubrication 2340 Oilless bearings 2267–2268 Oils and compounds, machining 1143–1156 emulsifying or soluble 1144 mineral 1146–1147 sulfurized and chlorinated 1146–1147 coating 1468 lubricating 2332, 2340 viscosity unit conversion 2334 tempering 521 Open-end wrench clearances 1531 Open-loop system 1262, 2487 Operations on complex numbers 17 Orbit 1351 Order of performing arithmetic 5 O-ring 2502–2507 applications 2503, 2505 compounds 2506 diametral clearance 2505 flurocarbon 2506 gland depth 2503 groove dimensions and clearances 2502, 2505 hardness 2504 nitrile 2506 reciprocating seals 2503 ring materials 2507 silicon 2506 squeeze 2502 static seals 2503 surface fi nish in contact with 2504 tolerances 2505 washers, backup 2503 Oscillation, center and radius of 235 Ounces, avoirdupois, into grams 2571–2572 Out of roundness 721 Oval head machine screws 1593–1595 Overhead machine-hour distribution 137 man-hour distribution 137 man-rate distribution 137 Oxygen gas in welding 1394, 1419 P Pack hardening 527 Packing in circles 81–84 in circles and rectangles 81–86 in rectangles 86 Palladium, plating 1469 Pan head machine screws 1592 Paper, bonding 2482 Pappus or Guldinus rules 59 Parabola 45 area 67–68 center of gravity 228 constructing 58 directrix 45 focus 45 general equation 45 latus rectum 45 segment of area 68 vertex 45 Parabolic interpolation, NC 1284 Paraboloid center of gravity 230 polar moment of inertia 251 radius of gyration 235 segment volume 80 volume 79 Parallel lines 41 Parallelogram area 63 center of gravity 225 geometry of 51 of forces 145 radius of gyration 232 Parametric subroutine, NC 1286–1287 Passivation of copper 1462 Patterns for castings 1368 dispansable 1375 master mold 1375 materials 1368 metal 1369 shrinkage allowances 1369, 1375 varnish 1369 wei ght of casting from 1370 wood selection 1368–1369 Payback period 134 Pearlite 507, 511 Pearlitic malleable iron 1361 Pebi 2546 Pendulum 165–166 calculations 165 conical 165 formulas for 165 physical 165 simple and compound 165 torsional 165 types of 165 Percentage 7 Percussion, center of 235 Perforated metals, strength and stiffness of 2521 Permanent mold, casting process 1367 Permanickel, machining 1155 Permutation 18 Perpendicular lines 41 Petroleum oils, application 2333, 2582 Phenolic plastics 2265 Philadelphia carriage bolt thread 1892 Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY [...]... rimmed 45 2 rivets 147 9 rolled sections, shape designations 2508 rule dies 1 346 –1 348 cutting edges 1 347 dimensions 1 347 heat treatment 1 348 makes 1 347 SAE specification numbers 44 0, 44 2– 44 3 sheet, standard gage 2522–2523 silicon-manganese, SAE compositions 44 6 44 7 stainless 44 8 44 9, 45 7, 46 0 strength 47 4 and hardness data 46 6 47 1, 47 4 of heat-treated 47 4 structural shapes 2508–2517 subzero treatment 544 – 547 ... material 147 9 mushroom head 149 1 pan head 148 3, 148 5 pitch 147 8, 148 2– 148 3 sets, dimensions of impressions in 148 3 shearing strength 148 2– 148 3 small rivets, standard 148 3– 148 5 spacing 147 8 steel 147 9 strength 147 9 tinner's 148 5 truss 148 5 types 147 8 Riveted joints 147 8– 148 3 allowable stresses 147 9 double and triple 148 2 efficiency 147 9– 148 0 failure 147 9 holes for 147 8 joint failure 147 9 joint strength 147 9– 148 0... design 341 strength of shafts 299–301 Torus polar moment of inertia 251 volume 80 Total indicator reading, NC 1267 Toughness HSLA steels 46 3 tool steels 48 1 Transmission chains 244 1 cast roller chains 244 1 detachable chains 244 1 nonstandard 244 1 pintle chains 244 1 roller chain sprockets 244 4 caliper diameter 244 8 classes 244 6 diameters 244 6– 244 7 flange thickness 244 9 manufacture 246 1 materials 246 1 proportions... failures, common 47 8 48 2 grindability of 47 8, 1189–1193 hardening 47 7 hardness 47 8 high-carbon, high-chromium 49 4 high-speed 48 8 hot work 49 1, 49 3 machinability 47 7 machining allowances 501 mechanical properties 47 5 mill production forms 500–501 mold 49 5, 49 7 molybdenum types 48 8, 49 3 numbering system 44 0, 44 2 oil hardening 49 5 properties of 47 5 47 8 shock resisting 49 5, 49 7 special purpose 49 5 49 9 speeds... expansion 40 4 compositions 44 8 44 9, 46 0 46 1 cutting, flame 141 8– 141 9 density 40 4 electrodes (welding) current to use with 141 3 elongation 41 8, 47 2 47 3 hardness 41 8 heat treatments 536–537 mechanical properties 47 2 47 3 melting points 40 4 properties 46 0 46 1 soldering 1382 ultrasonic 1382 specific heat 40 4 speeds for drilling, reaming, and threading 1067 for milling 1050–1051 for turning 1032 strength 47 4 tensile... proportions 245 0 roller chains 244 1, 244 3 attachments 244 5 bar steel sprockets 245 0 bent link plate 244 5 bore and hub diameters 245 6 bottom diameter 244 8 center distances and chain links 245 6 cutters for sprockets 246 1 cutting sprocket tooth forms 246 0 design procedure 246 4 dimensions 244 3 drive ratings 246 2 hob design 245 9 horsepower ratings 245 1– 246 4 idler sprockets 245 7 installation and alignment 246 3 keys,... 245 7 installation and alignment 246 3 keys, keyways and set-screws 244 6 length of driving chain 245 7 lubrication 246 3 multiple strand cast sprockets 245 0 nomenclature 244 2 nonstandard 244 1 numbering system 244 4 parts 244 2 pin dimensions 244 5 pitch 244 4 selection 245 1 single strand cast sprockets 245 0 straight link plate 244 5 Copyright 20 04, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY ... 46 0 nickel austenitic 45 7, 46 0 classification 43 8, 44 3 cobalt high-speed 8 84 885 cobaltcrom 538 color of heated 522 coloring 146 3 columns, pipe 290–291 corrosion-resisting 45 7 46 0 Damascus 44 1 deep-drawing 45 2 elongation 41 7 free-cutting 45 4, 45 6 stainless 45 7 gearing, hardness 2 147 gearing, industrial 2 147 hardening 503, 512 hardness 41 7 and tensile strength relationships 551 of heat-treated 46 6 47 1... chucking 8 34, 837, 841 , 846 – 847 straight flutes 846 – 847 definition 835 die-maker's 853 drills for taper pin 1675–1677 driving slots and lugs 845 expansion chucking 842 expansion hand 844 finishing 851 fluting cutters 833–8 34 dimension 8 34 fluting to obtain negative rake 832 formed 8 34 hand 833, 843 – 844 squared shank 844 straight and helical flutes 843 – 844 helical flutes 850 jobbers 845 letter sizes 847 machine... heat-treated 46 6 47 1 heat treatment 44 9 45 0, 503–512, 538– 547 of high speed steel 538 high-speed 48 0 hypereutectoid 510 hypoeutectoid 510 induction hardening 529 killed 45 2 molybdenum compositions 45 7, 46 0 high-speed 48 8 nickel chromium, SAE compositions 45 7, 46 0 nickel, SAE compositions 45 7 SAE compositions 44 6 44 7 2659 Steel (continued) nitriding 527 numbering systems for 44 0 44 2 pipe ANSI standard 2527 . metals and alloys 44 0, 44 2 for steel 44 0 44 3 Numbers associative law 4 commutative law 4 distributive law 4 identity law 4 inverse law 4 positive and negative 4 powers-of-ten notation 14, 16 preferred. expansion 40 4 density 40 4 elongation 41 8, 589–590 gearing material 2 146 –2 147 hardness 41 8 machining 1155–1156 melting points 40 4 plating 146 7, 146 9 specific heat 40 4 tensile strength 41 8, 589–590 thermal. 2527–2530 welding 142 5 fill passes 142 7 flux cored electrode 142 8 fusion 142 8 position 142 6 flat 142 6 horizontal 142 6– 142 7 overhead 142 6 vertical up and down 142 7 procedure 142 9 carbon steel 142 9– 143 1 MIG 142 9– 143 1 root