[...]... 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 5 12 5 12 6 12 6 12 7 12 7 12 9 13 2 13 4 13 4 13 4 13 4 13 5 13 5 13 6 13 7 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 1 14 1 14 1 14 1 14 3 14 3 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 5 15 1 15 1 15 3 15 5 Contents xi References 15 6 CHAPTER 8 Integrated Lateral and Longitudinal Control and Sensing Systems 15 9 8 .1 Sensor Fusion 8 .1. 1 CARSENSE for Urban Environments 8 .1. 2 Data Fusion Approach in INVENT 8 .1. 3 ProFusion 8.2 Applications 8.2 .1 Autonomous Intersection... Summary References 205 208 209 211 212 212 213 214 217 218 220 220 CHAPTER 10 Fully Automated Vehicles 225 10 .1 Passenger Car Automation 10 .1. 1 Highway Automation 10 .1. 2 Low-Speed Automation 10 .1. 3 Ongoing Work in Vehicle- Highway Automation 10 .1. 4 User Attitudes Toward Automated Vehicle Operations 10 .2 Truck Automation 10 .2 .1 Electronic Tow-Bar Operations and Driver Assistance 10 .2.2 Truck Automation for... International Standards Summary References 296 297 298 300 3 01 302 303 304 305 305 306 307 308 309 309 310 310 311 312 313 CHAPTER 14 Looking Forward: Enabling Technologies and Future Trends 315 14 .1 Enabling Technologies 14 .2 Looking Forward References 315 317 318 CHAPTER 15 Conclusion 3 21 Appendix: Web Site Resources 323 Acronyms 327 About the Author 3 31 Index 333 13 .3 13 .4 13 .5 13 .6 13 .7 13 .8 Preface and Acknowledgments... 256 256 257 257 257 257 257 Contents 11 .5 11 .6 11 .7 11 .8 xiii 11 .4.3 Traffic Condition Detection Using Efficient Data Reporting 11 .4.3 Techniques European FCD Activity 11 .5 .1 Commercial FCD Services 11 .5.2 Research and Development Toward Next Generation FCD Services FCD Projects in the United States 11 .6 .1 U.S DOT VII 11 .6.2 I-Florida 11 .6.3 Ford FCD Experiments 11 .6.4 Indiana Real-Time Transportation... Traffic Flow Improvement 17 8 18 0 18 5 18 6 18 6 18 6 18 9 19 0 19 1 19 2 19 3 19 4 19 4 19 5 19 5 19 6 19 6 19 7 19 8 19 9 19 9 19 9 200 202 203 204 xii Contents 9.7 .1 Traffic Assistance Strategies for Improving Stable Flow 9.7.2 Traffic Assistance Strategies To Prevent Flow Breakdown 9.7.3 Traffic Assistance Strategies Within Congestion 9.7.4 STARDUST Analyses 9.8 Business Case and Deployment Projects 9.8 .1 Automotive Deployment... 232 233 233 235 238 239 240 240 2 41 242 243 244 248 249 2 51 CHAPTER 11 Extending the Information Horizon Through Floating Car Data Systems 253 11 .1 FCD Applications 11 .2 Policy Issues Relating to FCD Techniques 11 .3 Technical Issues 11 .3 .1 Data Reporting 11 .3.2 Data Dissemination 11 .3.3 Data Cleansing 11 .4 FCD Activity in Japan 11 .4 .1 Road Performance Assessments 11 .4.2 Taxi-Based Probe Experiments... (FCM) and Avoidance—Active Braking 7.9 .1 System Description 7.9.2 Market Aspects 7.9.3 FCM Research 7.9.4 Forward Collision Avoidance 7 .10 Pedestrian Detection and Avoidance 7 .10 .1 System Description 7 .10 .2 Market Aspects 7 .10 .3 Ongoing R&D 7 .11 Next Generation Sensors 7 .11 .1 Next Generation Sensors—Radar 7 .11 .2 Next Generation Sensors—Laser Scanners 7 .12 Summary and Observations 12 2 12 2 12 3 12 3 12 3 12 4... References 258 258 259 2 61 265 265 265 265 267 267 268 269 CHAPTER 12 IVs as Human-Centered Systems 2 71 12 .1 Driver Perception and Acceptance 12 .1. 1 Perceived Positives and Negatives of ADAS Systems 12 .1. 2 User Perceptions Assessed in STARDUST 12 .1. 3 User Perceptions of ACC Users 12 .2 Driverology 12 .2 .1 Driving Simulators 12 .2.2 Test Track Evaluations 12 .2.3 U.S DOT Naturalistic Driving Study 12 .2.4 Driver Performance... Integrated Vehicle- Based Safety System (IVBSS) Program 8.2.4 PReVENT Integrated Systems 8.3 User and Societal Assessments of Integrated Systems 8.4 Summary References 16 0 16 0 16 3 16 5 16 7 16 8 16 9 17 0 17 2 17 3 17 4 17 4 CHAPTER 9 Cooperative Vehicle- Highway Systems (CVHS) 17 7 9 .1 Wireless Communications as a Foundation for Cooperative Systems 9 .1. 1 Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) 9 .1. 2 Transceiver... Traffic 12 .3 Driver -Vehicle Interfacing 12 .3 .1 Driver Warning Modes 12 .3.2 Key Factors in Successful DVI 12 .3.3 Learnability of ADAS 12 .4 Driver -Vehicle Symbiosis 12 .4 .1 ACC Systems 12 .4.2 Levels of Human-Machine Cooperation 12 .4.3 Driver Vigilance with Advanced Assistance Systems 12 .5 Driver Monitoring and Support 12 .5 .1 Drowsy Driver Detection and Countermeasures 12 .5.2 Driver Workload Support 12 .5.3 . 14 5 7 .11 Next Generation Sensors 15 1 7 .11 .1 Next Generation Sensors—Radar 15 1 7 .11 .2 Next Generation Sensors—Laser Scanners 15 3 7 .12 Summary and Observations 15 5 x Contents References 15 6 CHAPTER. 254 11 .2 Policy Issues Relating to FCD Techniques 254 11 .3 Technical Issues 256 11 .3 .1 Data Reporting 256 11 .3.2 Data Dissemination 257 11 .3.3 Data Cleansing 257 11 .4 FCD Activity in Japan 257 11 .4 .1. 11 8 References 11 9 CHAPTER 7 Longitudinal Sensing and Control Systems 12 1 7 .1 Rear Sensing for Parking 12 2 7 .1. 1 System Description 12 2 7 .1. 2 Market Aspects 12 3 7.2 Night Vision 12 3 7.2 .1 System Description