1116 Appendix F -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Cu 2+ Cu(OH) 2 CuO 2 2- Cu 2 O a Cu 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Figure F.6 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the copper-water system at 60°C considering the hydrated oxide forms. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Cu 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 CuO Cu 2 O a Cu CuO 2 2- Figure F.7 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the copper-water system at 25°C considering the dry oxide forms. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1116 Thermodynamic Data and E-pH Diagrams 1117 -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Cu 2+ CuO CuO 2 2- Cu 2 O a Cu 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Figure F.8 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the copper-water system at 60°C considering the dry oxide forms. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Fe 2+ Fe 3+ HFeO 2 - a 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 HFeO 2 - Fe Figure F.9 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the iron-water system at 25°C considering the hydrated oxide forms. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1117 1118 Appendix F -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Fe 2+ Fe 3+ a 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 HFeO 2 - Fe Figure F.10 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the iron-water system at 60°C considering the hydrated oxide forms. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH b Fe 2+ Fe 3+ a 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Fe HFeO 2 - Fe 3 O 4 Fe 2 O 3 Figure F.11 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the iron-water system at 25°C considering the dry oxide forms. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1118 Thermodynamic Data and E-pH Diagrams 1119 -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Fe 2 Fe 3+ a 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Fe HFeO 2 - Fe 3 O 4 Fe 2 O 3 b Figure F.12 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the iron-water system at 60°C considering the dry oxide forms. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Mn 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 MnO 4 - Mn MnO a HMnO 2 - Mn 3 O 4 b MnO 2 Mn 2 O 3 Figure F.13 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the manganese-water system at 25°C. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1119 -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni Ni(OH) 2 a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure F.15 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the nickel-water sys- tem at 25°C considering the hydrated oxide forms. 1120 Appendix F -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Mn 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 MnO 4 - Mn MnO a HMnO 2 - Mn 3 O 4 b MnO 2 Mn 2 O 3 Figure F.14 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the manganese-water system at 60°C. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1120 Thermodynamic Data and E-pH Diagrams 1121 -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni Ni(OH) 2 a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure F.16 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the nickel-water sys- tem at 60°C considering the hydrated oxide forms. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni NiO a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure F.17 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the nickel-water system at 25°C considering the dry oxide forms. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1121 1122 Appendix F -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Zn 2+ Zn 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 a b Zn(OH) 2 ZnO 2 ZnO 2 2- Figure F.19 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the zinc-water system at 25°C. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni NiO a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure F.18 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the nickel-water system at 60°C considering the dry oxide forms. 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1122 Thermodynamic Data and E-pH Diagrams 1123 Figure F.20 Potential-pH equilibrium diagram for the zinc-water system at 60°C. -2 -20246810121416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Zn 2+ Zn 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 a b ZnO 2 ZnO 2 2- Zn(OH) 2 0765162_AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8:29 Page 1123 1125 Densities and Melting Points of Metals APPENDIX G TABLE G.1 Density of Metals in Decreasing Order of Density High gиcm Ϫ3 Medium gиcm Ϫ3 Low gиcm Ϫ3 Osmium 22.48 Bismuth 9.90 Gallium 5.97 Iridium 22.42 Erbium 9.16 Arsenic 5.73 Platinum 21.45 Copper 8.96 Germanium 5.32 Rhenium 21.02 Cobalt 8.92 Europium 5.24 Gold 19.30 Nickel 8.90 Selenium 4.81 Tungsten 19.30 Cadmium 8.65 Titanium 4.50 Uranium 19.05 Niobium 8.57 Yttrium 4.34 Tantalum 16.60 Iron 7.87 Barium 3.50 Mercury 13.55 Manganese 7.44 Aluminum 2.70 Hafnium 13.09 Indium 7.31 Strontium 2.60 Rhodium 12.44 Tin 7.30 Boron 2.34 Ruthenium 12.20 Chromium 7.14 Silicon 2.32 Palladium 12.02 Zinc 7.14 Beryllium 1.84 Thallium 11.85 Neodymium 7.00 Magnesium 1.74 Thorium 11.70 Samarium 6.93 Calcium 1.55 Lead 11.34 Cerium 6.78 Sodium 0.97 Silver 10.49 Antimony 6.68 Potassium 0.86 Molybdenum 10.20 Zirconium 6.50 Lithium 0.53 Tellurium 6.24 Lanthanum 6.19 Vanadium 6.11 0765162_AppG_Roberge 9/1/99 8:32 Page 1125 1126 Appendix G TABLE G.2 Density of Metals in Alphabetical Order gиcm Ϫ3 gиcm Ϫ3 gиcm Ϫ3 Aluminum 2.7 Lanthanum 6.19 Strontium 2.6 Antimony 6.68 Lead 11.34 Tantalum 16.6 Arsenic 5.73 Lithium 0.53 Tellurium 6.24 Barium 3.5 Magnesium 1.74 Thallium 11.85 Beryllium 1.84 Manganese 7.44 Thorium 11.7 Bismuth 9.9 Mercury 13.55 Tin 7.3 Boron 2.34 Molybdenum 10.2 Titanium 4.5 Cadmium 8.65 Neodymium 7 Tungsten 19.3 Calcium 1.55 Nickel 8.9 Uranium 19.05 Cerium 6.78 Niobium 8.57 Vanadium 6.11 Chromium 7.14 Osmium 22.48 Yttrium 4.34 Cobalt 8.92 Palladium 12.02 Zinc 7.14 Copper 8.96 Platinum 21.45 Zirconium 6.5 Erbium 9.16 Potassium 0.86 Europium 5.24 Rhenium 21.02 Gallium 5.97 Rhodium 12.44 Germanium 5.32 Ruthenium 12.2 Gold 19.3 Samarium 6.93 Hafnium 13.09 Selenium 4.81 Indium 7.31 Silicon 2.32 Iridium 22.42 Silver 10.49 Iron 7.87 Sodium 0.97 0765162_AppG_Roberge 9/1/99 8:32 Page 1126 [...]... 1 725 1710 154 9 153 5 1495 1490 1455 1450 127 8 122 0 1150 1133 1083 10 72 1063 1410 Neodymium Silver Germanium Lanthanum Barium Calcium Cerium Arsenic Strontium Aluminum Magnesium Antimony Tellurium Zinc Lead Cadmium Thallium Bismuth Tin Selenium Lithium Indium Sodium Potassium Gallium Mercury (°C) 1 024 961 947 920 850 848 815 814 774 660 651 630 4 52 419 327 321 3 02 271 23 2 21 7 179 156 98 62 30 Ϫ38.8 1 127 ... Palladium Platinum Potassium Rhenium Rhodium Ruthenium Samarium 24 54 153 5 920 327 179 651 122 0 Ϫ38.8 26 10 1 024 1455 24 68 27 00 154 9 1773 62 3180 1966 24 50 10 72 (°C) Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Tantalum Tellurium Thallium Thorium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium 21 7 1410 961 98 774 29 96 4 52 3 02 1845 23 2 1 725 3410 1133 1710 1490 419 1857 ...07651 62_ AppG_Roberge 9/1/99 8: 32 Page 1 127 Densities and Melting Points of Metals TABLE G.3 Melting Points of Metals in Decreasing Order of Temperature High (°C) Medium (°C) Low Tungsten Rhenium Tantalum Osmium Molybdenum Iridium Ruthenium Niobium Boron Hafnium 3410 3180 29 96 27 00 26 10 24 54 24 50 24 68 23 00 22 30 Rhodium Chromium Zirconium Thorium Platinum Titanium... 62 30 Ϫ38.8 1 127 07651 62_ AppG_Roberge 1 128 9/1/99 8: 32 Page 1 128 Appendix G TABLE G.4 Melting Points of Metals in Alphabetical Order (°C) Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Cadmium Calcium Cerium Chromium Cobalt Copper Erbium Europium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Indium 660 630 814 850 127 8 27 1 23 00 321 848 815 1930 1495 1083 1450 1150 30 947 1063 22 30 156 (°C) Iridium Iron Lanthanum . 8 :29 Page 1 120 Thermodynamic Data and E-pH Diagrams 1 121 -2 -20 246810 121 416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni Ni(OH) 2 a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure. 25 °C. 07651 62_ AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8 :29 Page 1119 -2 -20 246810 121 416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Ni 2+ 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 Ni Ni(OH) 2 a HNiO 2 - b NiO 2 Ni 2 O 3 Ni 3 O 4 Figure. system at 25 °C considering the dry oxide forms. 07651 62_ AppF_Roberge 9/1/99 8 :29 Page 1 121 1 122 Appendix F -2 -20 246810 121 416 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Potential (V vs. SHE) pH Zn 2+ Zn 10 0 10 -2 10 -4 10 -6 a b Zn(OH) 2 ZnO 2 ZnO 2 2- Figure