Rajiv Ramnath, PhD is Associate Professor of Practice in computer science and engineering and Director of Practice at the Collaborative for Enterprise Transformation and Innovation at The Ohio State University. Before that, he worked in industry, leading research and commercial product development . Cover Image: ©iStockphoto.com/iLexx Go to Dummies.com ® for videos, step-by-step Photos, how-to articles, or to shop! $29.99 USA / $35.99 CAN / £21.99 UK 9 781118 799277 52999 ISBN:978-1-118-79927-7 Open the book and find: •The basics of object-oriented programming •How to use patterns and frameworks •Details on setting up the Xcode Development Environment •Examples to help you do object-oriented iOS app design •How to make your apps fast and responsive •Information on designing user-friendly apps •How to publish to the App Store •Ten developer resources for iOS Programming Languages/iOS Get coding today with this useful guide to creating iOS apps Apple’s iOS is everywhere, thanks to the iPhone, iPad, and other devices. If you’ve always wanted to be an iOS programming rock star, this great resource is the guide for you. Discover iOS programming, including how to get your apps into Apple’s famous App Store and the best way to make applications that users will be clamoring to download. •iOSiseverywhere—getstartedwithcreatingappsforthishighly popularmobileoperatingsystem •Meetingthemethodsandplatforms—takeyourobject-oriented programmingtothenextlevelwiththeXcodeDevelopment Environment •MakingyouriOSappsgreat—makeuser-friendlyappsthatare fast,responsive,complete,robust,reliable,andsecure •Connectingyourapps—publishyourappsintheAppStore andbecomeaniOSprogrammingstar •Studyup—usealonglistofresourcestofindoutmoreabout object-orientedandiOSprogramming BeginningiOSProgramming Ramnath Rajiv Ramnath, PhD Author of Android 3 SDK Programming For Dummies Learnto: •Program in the iOS environment using Xcode ® and Cocoa® frameworks •Create simple interfaces •Work with libraries, storyboards, arrays, structures, functions, and pointers •Use simulators for testing and development Beginning iOSProgramming Making Everything E asier! ™ www.it-ebooks.info Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include •Checklists •Charts •CommonInstructions •AndOtherGoodStuff! 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Get More and Do More at Dummies.com ® To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/beginningiosprogramming www.it-ebooks.info by Rajiv Ramnath and Cheyney Long Beginning iOS Programming www.it-ebooks.info Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies ® Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Media and software compilation copyright © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954213 ISBN 978-1-118-79927 7 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-79931-4 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-79932-1 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www.it-ebooks.info Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 Part I: Getting Started with iOS Programming 5 Chapter 1: Entering Mobile Application Development 7 Chapter 2: Object-Oriented Design Principles 25 Chapter 3: Effectively Using Objective-C 55 Part II: Meeting the Methods and Platforms 89 Chapter 4: Patterns and Frameworks 91 Chapter 5: Setting Up to Develop iOS Apps 113 Chapter 6: Developing an App on iOS 135 Chapter 7: Illustrating Object-Oriented iOS App Design 173 Part III: Making Your iOS Apps Fit for Consumption 207 Chapter 8: Effectively Using Xcode 209 Chapter 9: Developing Your App’s User Interface 249 Chapter 10: Making Applications Fast and Responsive 277 Chapter 11: Making Your App Reliable andSecure 293 Part IV: Connecting Your Apps 327 Chapter 12: Channeling the World Into Your Device 329 Chapter 13: Harnessing iOS Device Capabilities 345 Chapter 14: Publishing to the App Store 375 Part V: The Part of Tens 399 Chapter 15: Ten Resources for Object-Oriented Development 401 Chapter 16: Ten Developer Resources for iOS 413 Index 423 www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Introduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 3 Icons Used inThis Book 3 Beyond theBook 4 Part I: Getting Started with iOS Programming 5 Chapter 1: Entering Mobile Application Development 7 Apps fora Mobile Platform 7 iOS Benefits 10 iOS App Development Essentials 12 Devices 12 Application development technologies 13 Xcode 18 The Application Model 19 Understanding thelifecycle ofan iOS app 20 Understanding thestructure ofan iOS app 22 Object-Orientation Concepts 23 Chapter 2: Object-Oriented Design Principles 25 Basic Object-Oriented Concepts 25 Designing programs 26 Structural and behavioral concepts inOO 36 Principles ofObject-Orientation 38 Coupling 39 Cohesion 40 Designing anObject-Oriented Application 40 Advanced OO Techniques 42 Delayed binding 42 Delegation 43 Design patterns 43 Inversion ofcontrol and software frameworks 44 The Application Development Lifecycle 45 Software development lifecycle processes 46 The phases and stages ofa software development lifecycle (SDLC) 47 The guiding principles ofSDLC methodologies 50 Customizing anSDLC methodology 51 www.it-ebooks.info Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies vi Chapter 3: Effectively Using Objective-C 55 Examining anObjective-C Program 55 Defining Classes 58 Declaring instance variables 61 Declaring methods 62 Using forward references 64 Implementing classes 65 Using Classes, Objects, Methods, and Variables 66 Invoking methods 66 Creating objects 67 Using all thelanguage features 69 Using introspection and dynamic invocation 80 Managing Memory 82 Handling Exceptions 84 Organizing Program Files 85 Analyzing Objective-C’s Object-Orientation Capabilities 86 Part II: Meeting the Methods and Platforms 89 Chapter 4: Patterns and Frameworks 91 Common Patterns ofOO Design 91 Seeing basic design patterns 92 Understanding theModel-View-Controller 98 Making model objects persistent 99 Avoiding anti-patterns 105 Applying patterns toapplication design 106 Understanding Frameworks 106 Inversion ofcontrol 106 Basic concepts 107 Flow ofcontrol 109 Chapter 5: Setting Up to Develop iOS Apps 113 Becoming aniOS Developer 113 Installing, Verifying, and Understanding theXcode Development Environment 119 Installing Xcode 119 Verifying thedevelopment environment 121 Understanding theelements ofan Xcodeworkspace 127 Importing and Running theTic-Tac-Toe Sample Program 128 Importing Tic-Tac-Toe and running it onthe simulator 128 Deploying anApp onan iOS device 130 www.it-ebooks.info vii Table of Contents Chapter 6: Developing an App on iOS 135 Dissecting aniOS App 135 Understanding anApp’s Lifecycle 138 Interacting withthe App Through Its User Interface 141 Dealing withData 141 Using JSON 142 Saving data using files 145 Moving upto Core Data 149 Accessing theAddress Book 158 Setting options foryour app 160 Sharing data acrossapps 164 Using Other iOS Capabilities ona Device 165 Visiting theApp Templates inXcode 166 Deconstructing theiOS Framework Using OO Principles and Design Patterns 169 Seeing object-oriented concepts and techniques iniOS 169 Seeing patterns iniOS 170 Critiquing theiOS framework from the perspective of OO principles 171 Chapter 7: Illustrating Object-Oriented iOS App Design 173 Customizing anSDLC foriOS App Development 173 Developing Use Cases 175 Creating theUser Interface 177 Illustrating Object-Oriented Design 180 Classes and responsibilities 181 Collaborators and missing classes and responsibilities 183 Contracts and signatures 186 Implementing anObject-Oriented Design oniOS 188 Implementing themodel 188 Creating storyboards and views 193 Making theapp active 195 Analyzing theOO and Design Principles Used inTic-Tac-Toe 199 Use ofdesign patterns inTic-Tac-Toe 201 Other concepts 204 Part III: Making Your iOS Apps Fit for Consumption 207 Chapter 8: Effectively Using Xcode 209 Xcode and IOS—A Beautiful Friendship 210 Setting upyour app’s project 211 Creating your app’s screen flow 214 www.it-ebooks.info Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies viii Writing your app’s code 222 Managing and maintaining your app’s components 227 Fine-Tuning Your App inXcode 237 Configuring your app 237 Digging intothe Simulator 239 Exploring your iOS device fromXcode 240 Debugging your app 243 Using instruments tocollect data 244 Getting Help 247 Chapter 9: Developing Your App’s User Interface 249 Understanding How User Interfaces Work iniOS 249 Comprehending event-driven programming iniOS 250 Understanding theApplication and theApplication Delegate objects inUI processing 250 Revisiting theModel-View-Controller Design Pattern 253 Understanding theUI Components Available iniOS 256 Interacting withbuttons, text fields, and labels 258 Alerting theuser 262 Selecting items using pickers 264 Showing columnar data using a Table view 266 Going throughthe other views inthe iOS framework 268 Navigating througha stack ofscreens using a Navigation controller 269 Drawing using 2-D Graphics 272 Chapter 10: Making Applications Fast and Responsive 277 Becoming Familiar withNonfunctional Requirements 278 Designing Your App atMultiple Levels 279 Optimizing anApplication’s Performance 280 Using Instrumentation for CodeOptimization 282 Ensuring Responsiveness inYour Apps 287 Ensuring responsiveness byusing threading 288 Other Performance Considerations foriOS Apps 291 Chapter 11: Making Your App Reliable andSecure 293 Making Your App Reliable ThroughTesting 293 Understanding thefundamentals and levels oftesting 294 Understanding thelevels oftesting 294 Using automated testing 297 Adapting toChanges inthe App’sEnvironment 304 Implementing reliability while navigating your app’s lifecycle 304 Dealing withmissing or transient capabilities 309 Considering Security inan iOS App 310 Recognizing theimportance ofsecurity 310 www.it-ebooks.info [...]... pitfall ahead www.it-ebooks.info 3 4 Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies Beyond the Book A lot of extra content that is not in this book is available at www .dummies com Go online to find the following: ✓ Online articles covering additional topics at www .dummies. com/extras/beginningiosprogramming ✓ The Cheat Sheet for this book is at www .dummies. com/cheatsheet/beginningiosprogramming ✓ Updates to this... www .dummies. com/extras/beginningiosprogramming www.it-ebooks.info Part I Getting Started with iOS Programming Visit www .dummies. com for great Dummies content online www.it-ebooks.info In this part . . ✓ Essential application development guidelines ✓ The application model ✓ Basic design principles ✓ Advanced techniques ✓ Using classes, objects, methods, and variables ✓ Visit www .dummies. com for. .. love Apps for a Mobile Platform This book assumes that you’ve written applications for other platforms, such as desktop or laptop computers or the web You can transfer a lot of this experience to writing applications for mobile devices like cellphones and tablets, including iOS devices www.it-ebooks.info 8 Part I: Getting Started with iOS Programming However, when writing applications for iOS, you need... strong skills in iOS app development iOS Benefits Although many types of smartphones and mobile devices are still on the market today, the battle for market share is now pretty much between iOS and Android The lure of Apple and its wonderful set of innovative devices are what make the iOS platform so popular, and developing on the iOS platform offers you several benefits: ✓ Wide acceptance: iOS has legs — it’s... awarded a patent for NFC-enabled data synching technology For the inside story from Apple, check the link labeled NFC at www .dummies. com/go/iosprogramminglinks Unless you really and truly want to, you’ll never see iOS, the operating system, nor will your program However, you must recognize that it’s there — the iOS framework does certain things in certain ways because it runs on iOS For example, every... generations of iOS devices had even smaller screens (iPhones prior to iOS 5 and iPod Touches prior to the 5th generation all had 3.5-inch displays) Also, Apple TV runs iOS If Apple opens these platforms for app development with the latest iOS versions, the problem of creating universal apps will become even more complicated ✓ Limited storage: iOS devices can store only about one-tenth of the information... and updates: For long URLs, I refer you to the book’s website (for example: "To find out more about windows and views, go to www dummies. com/go/iosprogramminglinks and check out the Windows and Views link in the web resources for this chapter." Also, I will continue to provide updates for the code and post other things you might find useful on the book’s website ✓ Sidebars and technical information:... equivalent iOS application (such as iPhone), you’ll probably quickly understand the iOS programming model and then navigate on to the chapters you’re most interested in Here are some of the conventions you will see in the book: ✓ Code examples: These appear in a fixed-width font so that they stand out, as illustrated here: [self initializeGameSession]; www.it-ebooks.info 2 Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies. .. detection Also, this layer is the one that provides support for text and font handling — such as layout and rendering For more information on the Media layer, check the link labeled Media Layer at www .dummies. com/go/iosprogramminglinks Cocoa Touch layer The Cocoa Touch layer contains most of the object-oriented developer-facing frameworks for building iOS applications It’s your single point of entry to app... this book, I cover such access in the appropriate chapters in the book For a complete list of the iOS frameworks, check the link labeled iOS Frameworks at www .dummies. com/go/iosprogramminglinks Xcode Xcode is two things It’s the kernel (the engine according to Apple) of Apple’s integrated development environment (IDE) for OS X and iOS It’s also the name of the IDE application itself With Xcode, you can . to www .dummies. com/cheatsheet/beginningiosprogramming www.it-ebooks.info by Rajiv Ramnath and Cheyney Long Beginning iOS Programming www.it-ebooks.info Beginning iOS Programming For Dummies ® Published. download. • iOS iseverywhere—getstartedwithcreatingapps for thishighly popularmobileoperatingsystem •Meetingthemethodsandplatforms—takeyourobject-oriented programming tothenextlevelwiththeXcodeDevelopment Environment •Makingyour iOS appsgreat—makeuser-friendlyappsthatare fast,responsive,complete,robust,reliable,andsecure •Connectingyourapps—publishyourappsintheAppStore andbecomean iOS programming star •Studyup—usealonglistofresourcestofindoutmoreabout object-orientedand iOS programming Beginning iOS Programming Ramnath Rajiv Ramnath, PhD Author of Android 3 SDK Programming For Dummies Learnto: •Program in the iOS environment using Xcode ®. articles covering additional topics at www .dummies. com/extras/beginningiosprogramming ✓ The Cheat Sheet for this book is at www .dummies. com/cheatsheet/beginningiosprogramming ✓ Updates to this book,