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Brenda Hoddinott P-01 INTERMEDIATE: PEOPLE In this project, you use a grid to draw a soft and gentle frontal portrait of a little girl, with emphasis on correct facial proportions. Hatching is used to shade realistic textures features, hair, and the forms of her face. Ashley is approximately 5-7 years old. In a younger child, the eyes would appear to be lower on the face and the nose and mouth would be higher, closer to the eyes. As a child matures into an adult, the nose and mouth seem to shift downward on the face. This project is divided into the following three sections: DRAWING OUTLINES WITHIN A GRID: A grid helps identify the outlines of various parts of the drawing subject. You use careful observation of spaces and lines within individual grid squares to measure for accurate proportions. Remember to press very lightly with your pencil in this section because all your grid lines and most of your outlines will need to be erased (or lightened) later. SHADING LIGHT AND MEDIUM VALUES: You need 2H, HB, and 2B pencils to add light and medium values. The dominant light source, which is to the front and right of Ashley’s face, determines where the various light and medium values are located. ADDING THE FINAL SHADING: In this section you use mostly 2B, 4B, and 6B pencils to add final details and darker values. You need 2H, HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B pencils, vinyl and kneaded erasers, ruler, pencil sharpener, and good quality drawing paper. 19 PAGES – 17 ILLUSTRATIONS This lesson is recommended for artists from age twelve through adulthood with basic drawing skills, as well as home schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators. Published by Hoddinott Fine Art Publishers, Halifax, NS, Canada – 2004 (Revised 2006) Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 2 DRAWING OUTLINES WITHIN A GRID Throughout this section, you use careful observation of spaces and lines within individual grid squares to measure for accurate proportions. A grid is a framework of vertical and horizontal reference lines on an image and/or drawing paper, used by artists to either enlarge or reduce the size of the original image. Proportion is the relationship in size of one component of a drawing to another or others. Remember to press very lightly with your pencil because all your grid lines and most of your contour lines will need to be erased (or lightened) later. Contour lines are created when the shared edges of spaces and/or objects meet. Contour lines can define complete objects or small sections or details within drawing subjects. The lines in the following illustrations have been darkened in a computer program and appear much darker that they actually are. 1) Draw a rectangle as your drawing space, and then measure and divide your rectangle into 56 equal squares, seven across by eight down. A drawing space (sometimes called a drawing format) refers to the area of a drawing surface within a specific perimeter, outlined by a shape of any size, such as a square, rectangle or circle. Use a light pencil (2H or HB). You will have 7 squares across and 8 squares down (a total of 56 squares). My drawing format is 7 by 8 inches with 1-inch squares. You may choose to use a larger drawing format for a larger drawing; simply make each of the 56 squares larger. Suggested alternative sizes include 10.5 by 12 inches (with 1.5-inch squares) or 14 by 16 inches (with 2-inch squares). ILLUSTRATION 01-01 2) Starting from the left, number the vertical squares along the top and bottom of with numbers 1 through 7. Lettering and numbering your grid squares helps you keep track of each square as you draw. For example, the nostrils will be drawn in square F-4. 3) Starting from the top, letter the horizontal squares down both sides with letters A through H. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 3 4) With your HB pencil, very lightly draw the outline of the head and chin. Until your eye is well trained to draw accurate proportions, using a grid is a huge help. When working with a grid, think of each square as a separate drawing. Following is the basic procedure for drawing with a grid:  Focus on one square  Pretend this one square is the total drawing.  Look at each line (or lines) and its position within this one square.  Note the shape of the spaces on either side of each line.  Take note of the areas where the various curved lines meet straight lines (such as the sides of the grid squares). ILLUSTRATION 01-02  As you draw, don’t think about what the subject is; rather, focus on the shapes, and spaces that define the actual lines.  Constantly double- check your proportions! Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 4 5) Draw the outline of the face (as indicated by the outline of the hair around the face) and the tiny section of one ear that is showing (Square F-6). ILLUSTRATION 01-03 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 5 6) With your 2H or HB pencil, lightly draw the outlines of the eyes, nose and mouth. If you wish, you can add diagonal lines on the facial area of your grid, to help place the features more accurately. Refer to the next illustration. Observe that: the eyes are placed approximately halfway between the bottom of the chin and the top of the head, the eyes have double lines around their edges to indicate upper and lower eyelids, the space between the eyes is slightly wider than the width of an eye, and the nose is the same width as the space between the eyes. Work on only one feature at a time and draw it as well as you can. Observe the fine details of the nose (such as the placement of the nostrils) and the lips (such as the location of each end of the mouth and the curves of the lines which outline the lips). ILLUSTRATION 01-04 Take your time; patience is a virtue! This step is the most important towards completing a drawing with which you’ll be happy. Not even super fantastic shading, can rescue a drawing if the proportions are off! Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 6 7) Before you continue, examine the placement of the outlines of the individual features and correct any areas that you’re not happy with 8) Outline the iris, pupil and highlight in each eye. 9) Add the outline of her sweater. ILLUSTRATION 01-05 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 7 SHADING LIGHT AND MEDIUM VALUES You need 2H, HB, and 2B pencils to add the light and medium values. Values are the different shades of gray created when you draw by varying both the density of the shading lines, and the pressure used in holding various pencils. Density refers to whether the individual lines are close together or far apart. The dominant light source, which is to the front and right of Ashley’s face, determines where the various light and medium values are located. Light source refers to the direction from which a dominant light originates. The placement of this light source affects every aspect of a drawing and subsequently tells you where to draw all the light values and shadows. Hatching is a series of lines (called a set) drawn closely together to give the illusion of values. To give you a sense of how hatching lines create the texture of Ashley’s hair, examine the next close-up section of her completed hair, and take note of the following:  A combination of light and dark values gives form to the hair. Some hatching lines are light and others are dark. For light lines you press very lightly with your pencil. Press harder with your pencil to make darker lines.  The hatching lines follow the contours of the outlines of the hair.  The lines used to draw realistic hair need to be ragged and uneven.  The lengths and thicknesses of the hatching lines are varied. ILLUSTRATION 01-06  The highlight sections are very light (even white in some places) which indicates form and a shiny texture. Highlights are the lightest sections of a drawing subject that define where light bounces off the surface.  The outside edges of the hair show a few untidy hairs to keep it looking natural. Always place a piece of clean paper under your hand as you draw. Each time you work on a new section, remember to move your paper so it’s always under your hand. This prevents you from smudging your drawing, and protects the paper from the oils in your skin. Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 8 10) Use your kneaded eraser to gently pat your lines until you can barely see them. 11) Erase your grid lines with either your vinyl or kneaded eraser. You can either erase all your grid lines at once, or only the grid lines that need to be erased before you begin each section of shading. 12) Use a freshly sharpened HB pencil and curved hatching lines to draw the section of hair in the following illustration. ILLUSTRATION 01-07 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 9 13) Add light and medium values to the bangs of her hair. If you have very little hatching experience, or if your hatching skills have become a little rusty, refer to the lessons in F-Level Beginner: Hatching. ILLUSTRATION 01-08 Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail bhoddinott@hoddinott.com Web sites http://www.finearteducation.com and http://www.drawspace.com 10 14) Add shading to the hair on the other side of the head. Don’t forget to add those soft wispy lines, which extend outside the perimeter of the hair, and create a realistic and natural texture. ILLUSTRATION 01-09