About the Authors | Dr Wilfred Funk and Norman Lewis have _
| both been deeply concerned with the history:
| and use of the English Jariguage for many
| years As editors, lexicographers, teachers, | and authors, they have each contributed ex- | tensively to this: important field But success- ' _ ful as they each have been individually, their
success as collaborators ix-producinig 30 Days |: | toa More Powerful Vocabulary has been even
| greater In various editions, at various prices, —_
! this book ‘has sold nearly 4,000,000 copies “It is the most popular and most widely used
| manual of its kind produced in the twentieth
century, ni sa
Trang 2
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Trang 3~ Copyright 1642 by: wi
, copyright © 1970 by Funk.& Wognalls, a * of Teen igest Béoks, tne
All rights reserved, including the;
this bobk or portions pereot n any f
“,- For information address Fonk & 53 East rth Street New Y ¿ oy oN a2 8190, 99° 28 ăn 3885 8Á, ° POCKET and: colophon ; are: © registered tendemars :
Trang 5NINTH DAY: A Quick Test of Your Progress to Date TENTH DAY: : , Words About Your Fellowmen ¿ ELEVENTH DAY: Words for Phobias and Manias TWELFTH DAY: ˆ Words About Your Feelings THIRTEENTH DAY: Words That End i in “Qlogy” ~ FOURTEENTH DAY: | Words for Human Traits FIFTEENTH DAY: | Words for Human Faults SIXTEENTH DẠY: You Help to Create the American Language: SEVENTEENTH DAY: A “Pop Quiz” EIGHTEENTH’ DAY: Words About Personalities NINETEENTH DẠY: Adjectives Give You Power TWENTIETH DAY: Learninig Words the Modern Way - VH, si 71 79 87 _ g6 sa0a “412 | 119 123 128 "134 ta - _ INDEX TWENTY-FIRST DAY: ‘Words from Latin TWENTY-SECOND DAY: Test Your Progress TWENTY-THIRD DAY: | Can You Meet This Challenge? TWENTY-FOURTH DAY:
, Words * That Describe You
TWENTY: FIFTH DAY: tit ca
French Phrases You Can Use TWENTY- SIXTH DAY:
‘Words About Words
TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY:
Word Building by the “Unfolding Process”
, ‘TWENTY EIGHTH DAY:
Words from Classic Roots
- TWENTY- “NINTH DAY:
Words Change Their Meanings
THIRTIETH "bay; ,
Your 30-Day Vocabulary Test
Trang 7| Funk & Wagnatis, 1968} ‘Pronunciation Key - rd
_ The phonetic transcription of most words in the following " pages ‘will be self-explanatory and completely clear and _ obvious Only a very few symbols have to be practiced and understood before you start 1 3: This is the phonetic symbol (called schwa) which
indicates “a weak, neutral vowel sound occurring
in most of the unstressed -syllables in English -
speech, as the a in alone, the e in happen, the u-
“in circus,”* ¬
2 5 The vowel sound in 20, nG, low, 80, đc 3, 65 The vowel sound in f60l, s66n, ndon, ete
4 zh The sound of the in occasion, ‘treasure, measure, _ leisure, ete, ¬
3 66 The vowel sound of bddk, 166k, ete
‘Many words are stressed on more than one syllable,
although oily one syllable may receive the primary or ' strongest accent, When you say pyromaniac, for example, - you piace” the strongest stress on the third syllable (72a) — | _ that is, you say the third syllable with the greatest joudness,
But the first syllable, -py, also receives some stress; that is, * Funk & Wagnalls Standard College Dictionary (New York:
Trang 8“you s it louder than ro,‘i, or ac To show these der than ro,” ‘0 show these distinc-
tions, we will capitalize and accent the strongest syllable
Y’), and only accent the second strongest (py’) i ¬ xịt? 7
" Pyrobnanlae l thus phonetically rewritten as py-ro-MAXY”= Si vn [Tg § Đ
- nee-ak Further examples: — toe Ee ay’ oe TB jated: SAY’-shee-ay’-ted " Ho Fnchacology: abz-kee-OL/-e-jee oes ; bie, 22 23 opinionated: o-PIN’-ye-nay’-tod_ , z " 20 = braggadocio: brag~o-DO -shee-ư RB sisle|| $3) 5/28! am c» Ð L1 ce on ‘ ẹ - _ GiueUsfiteen ¬ Minutesa Day — VN
- ThaPs one good reason why he’s your boss
_|.- This discovery has been made in the word laboratories _
Of the world, Not by theoretical English professors, but by
‘| practical, hard-headed scientists who have been searching ©
hs | for the secrets of success, " ¬
* " | have found out: - After a host of experiments and years of testing they’ -
hà ¬ -
`
‘Your boss has a bigger vocabulary than you have
- ; " ”_ Thát # your vocabulary is limited your charices of suc- @ĐĐ are lmited,
ơ ơ
Trang 9
4 - pe VKe | BIRST DAY
‘It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive: does not have a large vocabulary merely be- cause of the opportunities of his position That would be
putting the cart before.the horse Quite the reverse is true
cĩ His skill in words was a tremendous help in getting him his
' job : ¬ Do
Dr Johnson O’Connor of the Human Engineering Labo- ratory of Boston and of the Stevens Institute of Technology :
in Hobokex, New Jersey gave a vocabulary test to one’
hundred young men Who were studying to be ‘industrial’
- executives ˆ ca Code ơi
Five years later, all, without exception, of those who had - passed in the upper 10 per cent had éxecutive positions,
- while not a single young man of the lower 25 per cent had _ become anexecutive, = - ro
Some of the factors that lead to success can be measured "as scientifically as the contents of a test tube, and it has
' been discovered that the one and only common charac-
_ teristic of outstandingly successful people is “an extensive '.- knowledgs of the exact meaning of English words.”
, Vocabulary, is one indication of intelligence Learning power measurably sharpezs when vocabulary increases
Here's the proof " Số Vy
Two classea in A hinh school were selected fdr an ef- -
periment The ages and background of thé members ưf both groups were the same, and each group represented a Similar, cross-section of the community One, the control
lass, took the normal coursee The other class had, in ad-
dition, special and rigorous vocabulary training At the end of the period the geades of the students in the vocabu-: lary class surpassed the grades of the members of the control group, aot only in English, but in every cthẹr si
_, Subject including mathematica and the sciences
- Similarly “Professor Lewis M Terman of Stanford Uni- ˆ
versity, has found that a vocabulary test is as accurate a and accepted Stanford-Binet I Q tests
‘measure of intelligence as any three units of the standard
Words are the tools of thinking It naturally follows,
Give Us Fifteen Minutesa Day © sĩi 5 :
_then, that the more words you have at your command, the _ Clearer and more accurate your thinking will be `
Words are your medium of exchange, the coin with which you do business with all those around -you With words you relate to people, communicate your feelings and thoughts to them, influence them, persuade them, control them In short, through words you shape your own destiny For your words are your personality; your vocabulary is
you od mo
Words are explosive Phrases are packed with TNT A `
single word can destroy a ‘friendship, can start or cnđ a
marital battle, can land a large order “The right phrases in the mouths of clerka have quadrupled the sales of a depart-
ment store, The wrong words used by a campaign orator
have lost an election Four unfortunate words—“Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion”—used in a Republican cam-
paign speech threw the Catholic vote and the Presidential victory to Grover Cleveland, :
Armies fight for phrases: “Make the world safe ‘for Democracy”; “V for Victory”; “Remember Pear] Harbor.” ‘Words have changed the direction of history Words can also change the direction of your life They can raise a
_ man om mediocrity to success,
We submit that if you methodically increase your vo-:
cabularv you will improve your chances for success
This book enliste active cooperation, continuous written |
and oral response It wil! test you every step of the way, it will demand unceasing feedback from you, and thus it will
nake word» your friends and allies
_.We expect to prove to you that developing a-rich and “robust vocabulary can be both fun and challenging
Give us fifteen minutes a day, and we will guarantee that ˆ at the end of # month, when you have turned-over the last
page of this book your words, your reading, your conver-
~ Sation and your life will all have’ a néw and đeeper mean- ing for you - a c
For words can make you egréatl SG
Trang 10; | E Take This Twelve- Minute Test of +
Your Verbal Power
- First, we will take your word portrait
When ‘the picture is finished, you will know how you look to others as a conversationalist and how you may-ap-
‘pear when you write a simple social note or a business
letter = - a `
‘The lines of your’ likeness that are to be drawn here ‘will
‘ indicate the extent of your vocabulary, the facility with - whịch you can recall and use words, and the -knowledge
that you have of their precise meanings There will also be
> brief speliing and pronunciation tests so that we can get a
complete picture ¬
~ You will find the tests in this chapter simple and enter- - tainitg They will take exactly twelve minutes, and when you, are through and have checked your score, you will
kriow what’s wrong, if anything, with your vocabulary and
- your use of words You will, in short, have painted your ~ ‘own word portrait Then, in the chapters that follow, we co 6 _
- compel them to listen, react, obey?
_ EXAMPLE: fast slow
_- START THMUNG: Í.'fall
Take Thỉa Tưelve-Minute Test 7z
will show you how to strengthen any weak points that may Tân
have appeared et
_ How do words treat you? Are you comfortable \ with them? Do they.come easily to you? When you write and speak, do your words paint the sort of picture of you that -
will do you the mọst good ¡in this hiphly competiive -
world? Does your language usually present a’ true reflec- tion of your mind, your emotions, and your personality? Or does it sometimes betray you and blur your thoughits?
Do people occasionally misunderstand you? Or.can you '
Like everyone else, you want’ certain things from life ‘No matter what those benefits are, or what particular way you have chosen to go about getting them, you know that your: first-and most effective means will be the words you
use " ¬- mo ,
‘In short, the satisfaction and the success you get out of life depend very greatly on the skill with which you com- municate your needs, your desires, your opinions to others Ready to discover ‘what your command of language says
_ about you? -
TEST T "
Verbal Speed (Elementary),
DIRECTIONS: Write in the blank space next to each of the ©
_ words in the following list another word that begins with
Trang 11- following 8 oe ¬ so s, SECOND DAY 6 big So eeesregesesee 7 dull § 8 noisy Đ ee 9 sit << Đ, cecce, End Timing 0 (Answers for all tests will be found at the end of the - chapter.)
~ You have just been tested for fluency,
_ You should have breezed through this test at high speed in Jess than sixty seconds with no hesitancy and nO mis- -
‘takes If you had to think for more than an instant to recall
„the proper word, it is likely that you experience some dif- fđculty in expressing your thoughts You are_ probably
"seeing men who are’ not as bright as you getting ahead of
you You may often wonder: “What have they got that I
_,' haventgot?” <0 ¬ ti, -
„Your lack of an adequate word arsenal may bave seri- ˆ
ously handicapped you If so, this book is designed for
you It will give you the chance to go to work and over-
come your obstacle
TEST H
CS” Webal Speed (Advanced)
_ ĐIRECTIONS: As in the previous test, write a word begin-'
_ ning with § which is øpposiie in meaning to each of the Time: “90 seconds START TIMING: 1 generous _ “ 2 meaningjes § ‘ 3 beleving - - § - 4 comphcated S 5 doubtful Am 6 careful ' - § 7 7, wakefulness S ¬ Tem Take This Twelve-Minute Test - | 9 - Sa 8.rơụgh - S : 9 objective” § - 10 laugh - -:S - End Timing
Speed and accuracy are again of “great importance If
you completed this test in ninety seconds and got eight out
_ Of ten correct, you are far above the ‘average and you doubtless show unusual skill and ¢ase in translating your © thoughts into the proper words; you are going to make - swift progress in the lessons that are ahead
If, on the other hand, you exceeded your time limit, or if you were wrong in five or more words, it is critically Hecessary that you start today to improve your vocabulary
We are dealing in this book’ with one of the richest languages in the world, and with ‘a little practice and '
- patlence you can easily make its great wealth your own,
TEST Ill
‘Synonym Recall
Here is a test of your skill from another point of view You have been working with antonyms, or words, of op-
Posite meanings How will you do with synonyms, or words of the same, or almost the same, meanings? It is highly _ important that you have a wealth of synonyms, which are
analogous to the many colors on an artist’s palette, at your -
_ command: Synonyms within edsy reach help you paint for ` ‘your listener the many shades of your thoughts, they lend
variety and interest:to your conversation and writing
that are synonymous with the given word, -
» Time: 2 minutes ‘
EXAMPLE: beautiful lovely, pretty _- strong rugged, powerful ˆ
short “brief, concise
" ‘This test should be finished’ within the time limit, as
Trang 1210
START TIMING: 1 defects (nown) — «-
‘SECOND DAY there are many more than two syno
found in the list at the end of the chapter `,
Gesires (MOUM) | recs sa“ true ¬ gutabl - «eeeeesee chan - luminous TỔ VY ss4xssee loathing (noun) aeeeeees aesee „ doubtful - ¬—- vulpar , lnasageserengas admiration _ eee eeneaeaee sả AYP SRAM = _ End Ti iming - ‘Synonym Recognition
We have tested your ability to recall the synonynis for.a given word We are now going to test your ability to recog- m
nize synonyms when you see them
DIRECTIONS: Jn the following list there are sixteen words Start with infidel and put a small figure 1 above it Run- through the list until you find another word that has the same OF similar meaning Put a 1 above that one Then try the second’ word on the list, large, putting a figure 2
‘above it, and search for a word of similar meaning and
mark Ít 2 And so on until you have eight pairs | of ` synonyms or words of similar meaning ,
Time: 90 seconds
START TIMING:
4 +, infidel _ ` +ÐCCUF aberration
large happen persuade kidnap _ - bulty eccenticity clever © unbeliever
induce ingenuous -abdtct unsophisticated
ee End Timing |
nyms for each of these -
words Check with a dictionary if your answers are not SIVELY — - ố° ọ Take This Twelve-Minute Test SO Tc 31 - TESTV Homonyms ˆ
ĐIRECTIONS: Homonyms are words that are i ar at pronounced pron almost exactly alike but that differ considerably in meaning Check the homonym that makes sense in each of the following sentences ¬
_ Time: 90 se econds sở
START TIMING: -
A Why does modern music have such a tr h
affect, (b) effect] on you? : s ange [(a)
2 Most buildings have {(a) stationery, (b) stationary) sài
Walls, ° The [(a a) Principal, (b) principle} features of Souith- '
, era Cal fornia are sunshine and smog, _-
Sitting ‘contentediy by the fire th irs (2) dsl eas y „ the cat licked ta) a eer lên ta (b) chords} are inflamed
dictions He sat for hours [(a ) poring, (b) pouring] over the
« He listened with [(a) baited, b) b ‘hess eee aL ( ) bated] breath for al Nelson is famous for one of the most im- " history [(a) navel, (b) naval] encounters in British 9 The scene of ‘the accident was ii tt d |
[(a) flare, (b) flair ested by a huge
10 lt boxer made a (a) feint, ©) faint} with his PN fae w End ‘Timing TEST VI Understanding Words
DIRECTIONS: Check the definition th od
the italicized word in each phrase - propery “explains at
ft inte: -2 minutes
Trang 1312 SECOND DAY
‘START TIMING: a,
1 An acrimonious argument - 5
(a) long-winded - "¬ , _(b) sharp biting, sarcastic '
{c) dull, pointless, and incoherent A soporific lectare ˆ
(a) so boring as.to-put-one to sleep - Cb) brilliant and informative
(c) well-attended
Panacea for social ills
(a) direct cause -
(b) cure-all’
_ (c)_ condition encouraging continuation
An evanescent feeling — (a) fading away: quickly
_(b) composed of both dread and 1 desire
(c): so unique that it is experienced by very few people - ee Overwhelmed by | ennui’ - (a) fear - (b) dissatisfaction and boredom resulting from i in- activity | (c) a sudden: awareness of one’s “unconscious motivation JA jacetious remark
(a) witty or joking at an inappropriate time " (b) tending to make peace between people i in
conflict
_(c) totally irrelevant to the situation
- A maelstrom of emotions
(a) complete lack
ca (b) catalogue in chronological order -
(c) violent, stormy.confusion , Maudlin attitudes
(a) self-destructive ©
(b) tearfully and excessively sentimental
(c) showing great maturity at 4 surprisingly early age Sop Tike This Twelve-Minute Test BO xổ 18, ˆ 9, Drove adroitly - (a) | (b) (c) skillfully Dervously inattentively -10, A sardonié smile (a) (b) (c) empty, meaningless
open and trusting |
bitter and scornful: ° End Th iming :
TEST Vil
Spelling Without Error
Bere are ten common, words frequently misspelled by ì “START TIMING: — 2 Pena Awe (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a) (a)
ˆ- those whose linguistic ability needs sharpening Check the -
form that looks right to you a
Time: 60 seconds
occurrance, (b) occurrence, (c) occurance ecstasy,.(b) ecstacy, (c) extacy : drunkeness, (b).drunkenness, (c) đrunkedness embarassing, (b) embarrassing, (¢) embar
rasing
irresistible, (b) irresistable, (c) irrisistible supersede, (b) supercede, (c) superceed disappoint, (b) dissapoint, (c) diseappoint — occassional, (b) occasional, (c) ocassional indispensable, (b) indispensible, " (c) indes-
pensible
perseverance, (b): persoverence, (c) perser-_ _ _ Verance :
Trang 14CS => | os 14 SECOND DAY Take This Twelve-Minute Test ¬ "- a 5 accept ‘ok-SEPT’
_ TEST VII | _ 9 BCeeP th : eer
Pronouncing in the Educated Manner _ 6 drowned’ (a) DROWN’-dod
Spry hee The pronunciation of American English is, admittedly, | 7 wrestle - tá) RESS’-al (b} DROWND \
unstable: the sound of words changes according to geo- (b) -RASS/-al- 2
‘graphical area, ethnic background, economic and social’ 8 pattern (a) PAT”-ren
`
|
levels, etc Mary, marry, and merry, for example, are pro
- nounced almost identically in the Midwest and along much
of the Pacific coastal regions; whereas in the East and
South they sound very different The first syllable of orange | is pronounced or in California and are in New York The ‘vowel sound of talk and walk is uttered: one way by a»
‘native of Brooklyn and quite another way by someone
born if Los Angeles Words like either, tomato, tune, adult, licorice, strength, and many others can often show the age,
income, background, and sophistication of the speaker - Nevertheless, one kind of pronunciation test will be use- _ful in completing your verbal portrait The following ten —
words, ationg many others, have both an iterate -or dialectel and an educated pronunciation Say each one carefully “according to its phonetic respelling, then ‘check - the form that sounds most nearly like what you ordinarily ‘use in conversation ° - The symbol 9 is the sound of the in about or in Linda a a Time: 90 seconds ~~ > START TIMING: " 1, genuine = (a) JEN-ya-win : (b) TEN-ya-wyne _ 2, athlete - (a) ATHeleet ¬A 3 film (a) FILM 2 ¬b} EHƯ-em 4 modern - (a) MAHR’-don ¬ .(b) MOIX⁄-ran '() MOD“-er _TEST H: si (b) PAT’-orn 9 figure -(a) FIG-yer (b) FlG-sr 10 attacked (a) o-TAK’-tod z (b) ø-TAKT“ End Timing’
Now you may relax Your test’ot verbal power is con-
cluded; your word portrait is finished What -you will see
on the canvas—pleasant or unpleasant, encouraging or discouraging—is what the world sees when you write or speak At this point, before yo check your score, we offer you one important thought: No matter how good or bad
your Word power is today, it can be immeasurably better, |
:_„ ‘more useful, more potent, in just thirty days: “
Scoring and Interpretation
etermine your scoré for each test by comparing your
- answers with those given below:
TEST I: — oe | "
(1) short; (2) sotith; (3) sađ; (4) same, similar; (5) safe; (6) small; (7): smart,”
sharp, sparkling; (8) silent, still; (9) stand; -
(10) send , oe
Scoring: 2-points for each correct answer `
' Maximum score: 20 points - :
: © Your Score: veces (1) selfish, stingy; (2) sensible, significant;
Trang 15
i@ 7 ¬ ˆ_ ,§ECOND DẠY
: sures (6) slipshod, "slovenly, sloppy; (7) ' sleep, sleepiness, slumber, somnolence; (8) os
smooth; (9) subjective; (10): sob, scowl Scoring: 2 points for each correct answer
Maximum score: 20 points ˆ - Your Score: , TEST Im: (1) shortcomings, weaknesses, deficiencies, blemishes imperfections, ma eedsP©eedtoeee “faults, ; : (2) wishes, wants, longings, cravings, ape | petites ~ (3) right, correct, - truthful, pure wy " genuine, straight, honest, faithful, Veraclous,, - (4) appropriate, consistent, fitting, fit) ap- Sẻ
plicable -
(5) bright, lustrous, radiant, brilliant, vivid, " gleaming: shining, glowing, lucid
(6) disgust, aversion, detestation, antipa- thy; repugnance, abhorrence ˆ ˆ
n (7) ambiguous, vague, obscure, indefinite, re
loose, uncertain, dubious, question- - able, dubitable
¬ (8) tude, common, coarse, gross, ill-bred, low, obscene, ill-mannered, crass (9) praise, approval,” ‘commendation, -es-
teem, veneration, approbation
(10) extremely, exceedingly, highly, nĩc Tàn
mously, immensely, abundantly, tere ribly, quite Scoring: 2 points for each question answered Correctly- .Failure to giye 2 synonyins counts „ — Z@TO - Maximum score: 20 points Your Score: | TEST IV: ` (1) infidel (1) “unbeliever (2) -ingenious (2) clever “TEST VN: “TEST VH: Take This Twelve-Minute Test 117 (3) -occur (3) happen - (4) aberration - (4) eccentricity | (5) large - , (5) bulky (6) persuade - (6) induce (7) kidnap (7) abdúct - (8) unsophisticated (8) ingenuous ' Scoring: 2 points for each correct pair
Maximum score: 16 points
Your Score: :
TEST V:
€1) b; (2) bị (3) a; (4) b; @) a; (6)-A; - Œ) b; (8) b; (9) a; (10) a
Scoring: 1 point for each correct choice _ Maximum score: 10 points â
ơ Thu _, Louw Score: TEST VI: Ï.” e.60k8se96 "9969660084940 s6 (1) b; (2) a;: (3) 1 b; (4) a; (5) b; (6) a; .(7)c; (8) b; (9) a; (10) c
Scoring: 2 points for each correct choice Maximum score: 20 points
Your Score:
(1) b; (2) a; (3) b; 4) b; (5) a; (6) a
- C7) a; (8) b; (9) a; (10) a
_ 8coring: 2 points for each correct choice
Maximum score: 20 points `
Your Score:
(1) a; (2) b; (3) a; (4) i (5) a; (6) bị
(7) a5 (8) b; (9) a; (10) b
' Scoring: 2 points for each correct choice
Maximum score: 20 points
Your Score:
Now add your scores s
in the 8 tests to vo :
arrive at Your Total Score:
out ofa maximum of ` 146 :
Omar ecemncceacns
Trang 16
18
Interpretation `
YOUR TOTAL SCORE:
120-146 You belong.in the top 10 per cent of the
literate population of this country and you should be on the way to a’ high position in
your vocational, intellectual, and social life
‘You will get a special pleasure out of this
book as you perfect a vocabulary that is al-
_„ reađy sound,
99-119 Your vocabulary is about average and is there-
fore not helping you gain success as fast as
you might otherwise be able to Why ‘not begin | : today to overcome an unnecessary handicap? : Start building your vocabulary now and make
this interesting work a daily habit The new
words you learn will acquaint you with new
fields of knowledge, and there will be many ' “|: SRCOND DAY |
‘additional subtle and indirect rewards, Re- —
member: There is no easier way to achieve: 98 and ˆ
below
- don’t feel that-only a university graduate can
success than by adding to your vocabulary
This score shows a definitely impoverished
vocabulary; your weakness in words may be
holding you back It would be a foolish and
fatal mistake not to do something immediately
‘about it Here are two don’ts for you: Don’t
let your low score unduly disturb you And
‘be an expert user of words Shakespeare at- _
tended school for ten years all told Robert
Burns, the Scottish poet, was 2 day laborer -
without education Neither Charles Lamb nor
Charles Dickens had enough formal schooling
‘to talk about And Abraham Lincola didn’t
_ know whai the inside of a school looked like They and many others like them became mas-
_ Take This Twelve-Minute Test +
ness by industry and practice: So can you - And when you đo, your reward will be great, - '
The beauty of this book is that you start to
benefit—not ‘after months of trial—but from
the first day and with the first chapter
V19
_#e†s of speech They achieved’ their effective-
Trang 1781818 8 |8 1101 1ï 18 Ga ? 4 ig aie ae | The Romance of Words -
From now on we want you to look at words intently, to be "inordinately curious about them and to examine them syl-
lable by syllable, letter by letter They are your tools of understanding and self-expression Collect them Keep
‘them in condition Learn how to handle them Develop a
fastidious, but not a fussy, choice Work always toward
vood taste in their use Train your ear for theix harmonies
~ We urge you not to take words for granted just because ‘they have been part of your daily speech since childhood,
You must examine theni Turn them over and over as though you were handling a coin, and see the, seal and
superscription on each one We would like you actually to
fall in love with words
Words are not dead things ‘They are fairly wriggling
with life They are the exciting and mysterious tokens of _ our thoughts and like human beings, they are born, come — ,
to maturity, grow old, and die, and sometimes they are
ever reborn in a new age A word, from its birth to iis
- death, is a process, not a static thing
20
- The Romance of Words | o “1
_ Words, like living trees, have roots, branches, and -
leaves - ¬ : cĩ ca
Shall we stay with this analogy for a few moments, and - _ see how perfect it is? ~~
‘The story of the root of a word is the story of its origin
The study of origins is called etymology, which in turn has
its roots in the Greek word etymon, meauing “true or original meaning,” and the Greek ending -logia, meaniig
“science or study.” So etymology means the science or
study of true or original meanings,
Every word in our language is a frozen metaphor, a frozen picture It is.this poetry behind words that gives
language its overwhelming power And the more intimately we know the romance that lies within each word, the better - understanding we will have of its medning —
For instance, on certain occasions you will probably say ni - that you have “caÍculateđ” the cost of something or other
‘What does the term ‘calculate really meaa? Here is the
story Years ago, ancient Romane had an instrument called -
-’ a hodometer, or “road measurer,” which corresponded to “our modern taxi meter If you had-hired a two-wheeled
Roman vehicle to ride, say, to the Forum, you might have found in the back # tin can with a revolving cover that held
a quantity of pebbles This can was so contrived that each time the whee! turned, the metal cover also revolved, and a - pebble dropped through a hole into the receptacle below | At the end of your trip you counted the pebbles and cal- culated your bill Yon see, the Latin word for pebble was calculus, and that’s where our word “calculate” comes
from _ There are, of course, many words with mnch simpler ¬ cos Ty cà
-_ histories than this When you speak of 2 giaphũ, for in — stance, You are merely saying that you have a_sur (French -
for “over”
d plus (Frenth for “more”) or a sur-pluz, That — is, you have an “ovet.more™ than youneed, = = 8 7 -
_ Should you.be in a sncoty mood for the nonce, aud”
happen to look at someone rather haughtily, your fiends
might cal! you supercilious, a word thet comes from the
Trang 18THIRD DAY = «ss The Romance of Words ` 23 ;aa - ¬ Tô x : T
: ơ ^ i of, who has become your who does condensed writing), and mimeograph (io: write
: ; hat, person you ty ‘so fond or, bread with you—from ° —_ #€ODYOT imitation) sa ‘companion, is simply ¬= a 7
is, “bread.” Trumps in bridge | _, We have in our language a host of roots such as these _ Latin cum, “with,” and p ove ‘or “triumph,” an old-time _ There is the Latin spirare, meaning “to blow or breathe,” ~~ “is from the French nođera cơrửs one suit is allowed to | ; Bamne of cards 3 Samp” the other suits And stil egain, = | triumph over, or to tome js literally one who takes the mmụo), expire (breathe out), perspire (breathe through), from which we get such English words as inspire (breathe
' respiration (breathing again or often ) |
“in the army, the liewtenan! © Jatter is not around—from == place, of the captain - it in “in lieu of) “Gar word “liable” comes from the Latin ligare, “to | - and _tenir, “tO, hind.” This fascinating root has branched out into oblige
the French lieu (we 8m “derives from the Latin word ; _ and obligate (to bind to do something), ligature (bandage
hold.”
The captain, m Tưng from columna (the “col- © =~ op binding), ligament (something that ties two things caput (“head”) Colonel c umn” that he leads) ‘If, by any chance, you eit him that his professional title uld like to_twit your friend, the ° BC |: together), and, with the root no longer so obvious, league "(those nations or other organizations that are bound together), and even the word ally (to bind to one another), Wall Street broker, ge ter bh word brocour, a “broacher,” which is from ad and ligare
Ạ came from the Middle ne s, a cask to draw off the wing | These, then, aré the branches We turn now to, the or one who opens, or bee — the same word in the original — leaves If the roots are the origins of words and the
.or liquor We still emp be ached Jor opened up] the sub- | sense when we say “He rg oa in time a salesman | branches are the word the leaves of this language tree would be the words them- families that stem out of them, " ject.” The broacher, or bro oe as stocks and bonds “selves and their meanings
re »
of wine, then of other - These are the roots of wor Tan age tree are those | ~ one meaning: But words are so full of life that gS, ds We next come to the | ‘Each given word, in its beginring, had, no doubt, only they are - branches The branches of ony ai out from one ‘continually sprouting the green shoots of new meanings - many groups of words that have grow! mo Shall we choose just one word a8 an instance of the
original root :
the Latin root spectare,| “amazing Vitality of language? The simple three-letter word
‘Let’s take an example From í 0 English words have run, up to this moment of writing, has more thay, ninety wn “to look,” more than 240 Englis} ctacle |: dictionary definitions There are the run In your stocking,
which means sprou things you look through), spectator ( Ấy watches), respect (the tribute you give to a pers ted We find the root in § tin such words as spec jook into) When} oo (one who looks; _ 16 r2 ĩn the bank, an a rup.n baseball © clock may - WHC on you | -."## down, but you run up a bill Colore run You may run bh the run on the bank, and a run.in baseball The clock Face.or run a business, You may have the run of the mill,
care to look at again), and inspect (to ake it plain that} % quite different, the run of the house when you get the
you treat Oe Teo at him again (dis, * not’ Nhìn you, lias just begun its varied career with you do not a “Iook”) Introspection is 8 looking ely ‘with disrespect, you make it plan that) in of things And this dynamic little word, we can assure these examples Is it any wonder that.our unabridged dictionaries con- “again arto tke Greek language, which has so largely) taịn nưundred; of thousands ‘of living and usable words, ; " — Purnng , “` „ an-
> Ẵ ˆ ., 2
s
discover graphein, “to write,” al words sparkling with life, prolific in their breeding, luxu-
enriched our own, v Tngnh words, We have telegraph Tiant in their growth, continually shifting and changing in
other pr oan a distance) _phonograph (writing by sound), | Bemennings? ite p ities an
tos
(writing oom a iting by means of light), stenograpiter {008} Words even have: definite peisonalities and characters,
photograph «waiting Dy Mee TẺ C8 cĩ TẮn | - ¬
:
Trang 1924
They can be sweet, sour, ¢ ant, cal oe |
ary i sharp, hostile or friendly
MoE rom t acrid on a8 to cnter our word studies, nly aware of words Look at them, if possible, try tG
“Ho Íenh eyes of one who is seeing them for the first
" time If we have persuaded you to do this, you will then be
on the way to the succe:
powerful vocabulary
THIRD DAY :
discordant, musical ‘They can be si
sss that can be won with a more
” There are words in English that can be understood only by
those who have lived and become mature No explanation, Ro definitions could make them clear to a child
Here are: ten such words Pronounce each one aloud several times, following carefully the phonetic respelling
Trang 2026 ‘FOURTH DAY
You might find it hard, perhaps absolutely impossible,
-to explain these terms to 4 nine-year-old boy or girl - But you, an adult, will be-able to comprehend them and to make them your property -
Let.us discuss them, one by one Here and there we
will give you the etymology of the word, if its history is
interesting and happens to throw any light on its present- _ day meaning
“L Vicarious.- This is an abstract word, but it is one that "
is edsy for the grown-up mind to grasp For example, there are two ways to travél: one by buying a steamship ticket and going to your destination, say Paris; the other by read- " ing travel stories or travel circulars about Paris In the first _
‘instance you have enjoyed your travel experience directly ° '' In the second instance you have enjoyed it vicariously - ˆ
A child is learning about life when he “pretends,” when _
" he plays “store,” or “house,” or “doctor.” Of course he is
fully living the life that children do, but he is also living adult life, not directly, but vicariously And owing to his
emotional immaturity, he is not ready, at his age, to grasp
_ the difference, in thought and effect, between actual living
i
and vicarious living When he is older and more mature
“he will live less vicariously and more actually, and then he
will be able to appreciate the significance of the word You, as an older person, will recognize that you are: escaping from the real world and are living for the moment a vicarious existence and are having vicarious joys and :
sorrows when you are reading & book You are living, not
your own life, but the lives of the characters of the atory
The lonely, friendless woman living a life of suffocating ’ routine or hopeless boredom can sit glued, hour after hour, _ to the television set She then becomes thẻ iovely young _
girl to whom a virile male makes passionate love; she can
experietice vicariously all the excitement, romance thrills,
exotic adventure that her real life is so empty of She can
Words for Mature Minds - a7
be a spy, a murderer, a figure of international TH Sa visitor ‘from another planet She has only to twist the
and change her drab existence into an abundant, fuliling, -
and electric (but vicarious) reality -
2 Rationalize You, as a human being, tend to ra- _tionalize So do all of ns There axe selfish men, for in
stance, who will never give anything to charity They don’t
to think that charity is harmful to the poor and demoralizes
~ those who receive it In this way the miser can save his money and his face at the same time He is rationalizing
his selfish act and the rationalization makes him feel bet -
_ ter : | ih
In similar fashion, a father who is angry may spank his
boy merely to relieve his own personal feelings, But in
seli-defense he will rationalize his action b ing hi hallo ki) oe t lize ion by making himselé
at the spanking has been done for the good of the
The term ratiqnaiize has a number of meanings, but the
Most common one refere to the unconscious process ‘of
thought by which one justifies a‘discredi :
tho \ \ creditable act, and by:
which one offers to oneself and the world a better mothe
for one’s action than the true motive °
3 Gregarious This term comes from C us rm co} om the Latin #
Liệu “a ies » a3 Of sheep, and you know sheep ike to
y together If you are a gregarious type, you are 8 friend
ly person, a good mixer; you like to be with other people, |
That is, you are the extremel' » yo tremely sociabie kind Because you jable ki | are gregarious you enjoy parties, crowded theaters ond | dance floors; you like to be wh
Pe as to ere folks flock in small
` large HN Because people are gregarious, they set matri have families, live in thronging cities, sing and / _, Play together A hunger for love or friendship and-a feel-’
ing of kinship with other’ human beings are normal aud
people, to a greater or lesser degree, gregarious
4, Obzequious -The sbèœ “5
mee bepgear, the underlin Toelre
and the flunkey all tend to be obsequious, Those whe wen
commen human traits It is the herd instinct ‘that makes `
Trang 21
v⁄
„
ˆ wi! not (ob, “upon,” øeguor, “folow”) “sentimental and gushig,,
28 " / FOURTH DẠY
on others in an inferior capacity and whose lives and jobs depend on the whims of their masters are apt to be cringing
and fawning They are often excessively, sickeningly, and
insineciely polite if your waiter in 8 restaurait believes that you ace the type who will tip him well, watch how ‘obsequious be will be, how be will bow fo you and attend
‘on your slightest wish If you don’t leave the expected tip,
however, his obsequiousness will quickly vanish and he | sively upon your wishes, ' "
& Maudlin A maudlin person is one who is super-
who cries easily and without
much cause, People who are maudiin in their affections vusually overdo the act, and their love becomes tiresome and offensive The word maudlin can also be ‘xpplied to those who have been made foolish and silly by too much drinking
‘Here, incidentally, is an odd word history Mary Mag-
dalene, who washed ‘the feet of Christ, has often been pic-
tured with her éyes ced from weeping In time, the name Wagdalene was contracted into the adjective maudlin
6 Ascetic The ascetic is one who is given fo severe self-denial and austerity, one who practices rigid absti-_ | ‘nence, often for religious reasons When you say that a ee
man js an ascetic, you mean that he is one whe shuns all the luxuries and physical pleasures of life Aayone who eats | ‘and drinks heaxtily or who otherwise dissipates is the
precise opposite of an ascetic, and docs not believe 10 asceticism (a-SET’-o-siz-ami) a
" Pander, This verb literally means to minister to the gratification of the passions and prejudices of othere, usually to one’s owa profit Novels that give blow-by-blow descrip:
dons of bedroom intimacies, and motion pictures end TV shows that omit none of the gory details of violence, torture, and murder have been accused af pandering to the
so-called base instincts end morbid curiosity of their readers, and audience Ruthless dictators of the past are said to have pardered to the lowest instincts of the mobs, to self follow submis- ' i ỳ Ị ⁄ Z .Z gublmare, then, is to express primitiv - acceptable
luxury, self-indulgence, and soft living
‘Bords for Mature Minds , .` ø8
ishness, cruelty, and greed, in order to gain ‘power Pan-
der, therefore, is an unpleasant word with an unpleasant meaning The noun panderer basa still_ more restricted ‘ meaning and fre gently signifi taan who procures women for others, just as Pandarus, the leader of the Lycians in the Trojan war, is said to have procured the
lovely lady Cressida for ‘Troilus
8 Sublimate ‘This word originally came from the Latin gublimatus, “raised on high,” and is closely related to “sublime.” When the energies of a potential heodium or ‘panpsteriare channeled into athletic games, into a business
career, or into some other useful endeavor, lus former destructive activities are said to have been sublimared
“Psychologists tell us that-unfulfilied sexual needs are often sublimaied-into creative activities in art or poetry, that the surgeon or butcher may be a sublimated «adisi, that the psychopathic exhibitionist becomes an actor To
social tives in constructive ways, usually through
completely naconscious processes A female whose un-
eouscious desire it is to enslave men, to dominate and
destroy all males, becomes the energetic aad successful
business executive or the president cf a coliege with a -
largely male faculty, and only her psychiatrist knows that
she is sublimating, + ,
9 Wanton Cail a woman wanton and you are saying
that she indulges every passion, that the is lewd and las-
civious——-in ehort that she believes in living it up, with no _
thought of consequences or of the morrow’s hangover She | | never expects to be sorry in the morning, and she never is
10 Effete: When animals, plants, or soil are worn out _ | and incapable of producing, they are called effete (Latin ex, “out,” fetus, “having produced”) More commonly, — though, this adjective is applied to humans or their mstitu- tions, and when you refer to ancient Rome at the time of its fall as.an effete civilization, you mean that it-was degen-
Trang 2230 H
Now we want to help you make these ten words your own possession, your private property Below, in the col- ~ umn on the right, are the definitions of the ten terms we are studying in this chapter Take your pencil and write — each word next to its definition -
tearfully or excessively sentimental to cater to base desires — os preferring the company of others to
solitude
worn-out by rich or effortless exis-
‘tence os ¬
b practicing extreme self-denial _ 6, V enjoyed by one person through his
: sympathetic but indirect participa- tion in the experience of another
(real or fictional) person; substitu-
tional ~~ , ¬
to attribute one’s actions to rational and creditable motives, without a ' adequate analysis of the true an
usually unconscious motives servilely attentive: fawning
9 Sle TH ke to direct energy from its primitive
and destructive aim to one that is
‘culturally or ethically higher and
cố 7 - therefore socially acceptable
10 W wnchaste; lewd; licentious; marked
mo , by arrogant recklessness of justice, of the feelings of others, or the like; | ` also, ‘having no just provocation;
_’ wilfully malicious _
ANSWERS: (1) maudlin; (2) pander; (3) gregarious; ˆ
(4) effete; (5) ascetic; (6) vicarious; (7)
FOURTH DAY
spent; exhausted; barren of energy;
Words for Mature Minds ¬ 3 " rationalize; (8) obsequious; (9) sublimafe;
(10)wanton - ˆ ce
| IV
„ Keep your pencil always ready This is a workbook, a
self-teaching manual, and we want you to write in it con-
tinually The only way you can feel at home with new
words is by sayirig them, writing them, using them
Now take the following eight words and change them _ into other parts of speech according to the instructions, Be
sure in each case that the resulting sentence or: phrase makes sense, "¬ ¬¬ 1 Change ‘vicarious to an adverb, as, He trav» - eied | CƠ củ , 2 opane® rationalize to a noun, as, You are guilty Gƒ : ` -.-3, Change gregarious to a noun, as No one doubts hệ of human beings `
4 Change obsequious to an adverb, as, He obeyed 5 Change ascetic to a noun referring to the philosophy
OF practice, as,-He is a believer in oc
6 Change pander to a noun, as, Ï1e js 4 to
the greed of others , " °
>7, Change sublimafe to an adjective, as, Zis
- passion gives power to his poetry ma
8 Change wanton to @ ‘noun, as, Hers was a life
Characterized by Heo - ~ _ANsweRs: (1) vicariously; (2) rationalization; (3)
.Br©gariotsness; (4) obsequiously; (5) -as-
- ceticism; (6) panderer; (7) sublimated;
(8) wantonness oO "
vo
Trang 23|: ' : | ¬ l _ + °° Words for Mature Minds 33 | 8.2 - FOURTH DAY - co :
We se ¬ : | 1 Psychoanalysts encourage their :
1: sentences, even if you may have met some of them for the patients to rationalize True False
"first time, Test yourself: Without referring to the list on the _ 2 Gtegarious people avoid social ˆ
ị previcus page, try to fill in thé required word in the sen- cự - gatherings cà True False
; ‘tences that follow Note that any one of the several ow 3 A haughty person is necessarily - ị forms of cach word may be needed Use your pencil: the —~spsagtions True, False ! mere physical act of writing a word will help to fix it in “4, Vicarious experiences are natu- \
your mind re ae rally more satisfying than real
1 Matie is tỌO to be happy without friends ; ones oe True False\
2 The waiter bowed vững to every wealthy cus- _ 5 Intoxicated people often be- - \
tomer who carte in the restaurant oe come maudlin _ "True False
3, His dissipated life has sapped ‘his ambition and 6 Asceticism is a popular practice -
health and m:ade him ` thà among wealthy Americans True Falsé
4 The motion picture was so sickeningÌy - 7 Men of strong ethics and integ- that most of the audience left in disgust rity usually pander to the de-
i 5 Mothers feel a .: Pleasure in their children’s _ Bites of others _—, 'True False oe ~ accomplishiwents : 8 Sublimation is a self-destruc-
L 6 Be honest with yoursclf, Dowt try tO * what youaredcing, =- re - 9, During its latter period, Ancient tive practice _ True False
7 He lived’ the life of an ; for he abhorred self-indulgence andluxury 5 ss i! fs _ Rome was noted for wanton T excesses _ True , Falk False i 8 The dishonest politician _— to the greed and — 19, Ore becomes effete throug |
4 _thoughtlessnesa of the mob ¬ Tan HH and caret" Te True False
9, Some say that all great art i5 a , of primi- oe sỉ — TỤG False
tive instincts og
10 She led a fruitless, .: se , uncontrolled life ANSWERS: All false except 5 and 9
“ANSWERS: (1) gregarious; ˆ(2) obsequiously; ˆ (3) ef-
sỉ fete; (4) maudlin; (5) vicarious; (6) ra- )
tonalze; (7) ascetic; (8) panders (9)
sublimation; (10) wanton
VI /
True or False?
Are you feeling more and more power and understand-
ing? Try two more exercises to reinforce your learning
_ Check your reaction to each statement
« Te Vil
"Same or Opposite?
_ Is each pair of words essentially the same or nore near- _ly opposite in meaning? Check your quick reaction
i, viearicus—actual Same Opposite rationalization ~justiSca- _
Trang 24_ do in six months.”
34 ¬ _—` FOURTH DAY
6 asceticism-——luxury - Same Opposite
7 pander—cater _ Same Opposite : - 8, wanton—restrained Same Opposite
9, effete~-vigorous Same Opposite
10 sublimated—detoured Same Opposite ANSWERS: (1) opposite; (2) same; (3) opposite;
' (4) ‘opposite; (5) opposite; (6) opposite;
- (7) -same; (8) opposite; (9) opposite;
(10) same `
Vi
+ oy toe
Remember this: Once an adult has finished his school-
_ing, he rarely adds more than twenty-five new words to his
, vocabulary each year thereafter Already,.in-one session, you have at least increased your knowledge of these ten words, even though you may have met them before Therefore, whenever you add ten new words to your vocabulary you have done almost as much as.most people Be sure, though, that you keep these ‘words Can you
recall all ten of them now without referring to the text? -
Here they are in random order, with only the initial letters _
- to prod: your memory When you have them all down, check your spelling against the list on pages 24-25 and
"pronounce them aloud 1 E 6 W ¬ VU ¬.¬°.- 3 1M v e 8 R cu IOV ` mm - 10 G |X eee Del 6 17 8 | 91101 |19!19|WI {1698 Đ9 0 16 96] w7 [98 | 9 [20] 21 ‘| eelealan|ag[agia7|ae| | || > Oot Ly Words eAbout Doctors ' and Specialists
‘Of course you know that you have two different kinds of - vocabulary, and that one is much larger than the other, `
Your recognition vocabulary is madé up of the words
that you can “recognize” and understand when you read
them or hear them spoken oe "
Your functional vocabulary includes the words that you
recall and use when you yourself speak -
Your recognition vocabulary is about threé times as -
large as your functional vocabulary :
‘If, as, an example, you study French and you learn
merely to read that language, you will find that you will be
unable to speak it because you are practiced only in recog:
_ nizing the words in Print, but ‘not in recalling them when
you don’t ee them, _
' Ot, conversely, if you are taught only to speak French,
* you will fail when it comes to reading the language because
you have not had any practice in understanding-or “recog
nizing” the printed words, _ SỐ QUA
In order to develop both types of vocabulary it is there-
Trang 25
, i ` ‘
36 na FIFTH DAY
fore important that you not only read the words that are -
new to you in this book and write them down, but that `
cording to the phonetic respelling following each word —-
|
In this chapter‘we discuss the terms for various spe-
cialists in'the healing professions
1 The obstetrician (ob’-ste-TRIS
for pregnant women, delivers babies, and gives post-natal attention to mothere He practices obstetrics (ob-STET’- riks) (Almost all obstetricians are also gynecologists—see
word 8, below.) | BC | ¬
2 The pediatrician (pee’-dee~-o-TRISH’-on) takes) over
after the obstetrician He specializes in the treatment of infants and very young children; he practices pediatrics
(pee-dee-AT-riks) ¬ -— "
3 The podiarrist (pe-DY-e-trist) treats the minor ail-
-ments of your feet More popularly, he is called a chi- ropodist (ke-ROP’-o-dist) The practice or profession is "
4, The osteopath (OSS’-tee-o-path’) works on the “he ory that diseases arise chiefly from the disp
‘bones, with resultant pressure on nerve centers and blood vessels Hence; his treatment is manipulation of the af- fected’ parte (However, some osteopaths also practice general medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics, etc.) He practices
osteopathy (osw-tee-OP/-e-thee)
podiatry (pe-DY’-s-tree) or chiropody wea on tee
5 The ophthalmologist (off’-thal- MOL’ jist) is 2
medical doctor and often a trained surgeon who treats the |
troubles and the diseases of the eyes Popularly he is called
an ociilist (OK’-ye-list), or, even more popularly, av eye doctor
Eo che optorietrist (op-TOM’-e-trist) checks and com |
rects vision, usualiy by prescribing and fitting eyeglasses _ He practices epiometry (op-TOM’-o-tree)
7 The optician -{(op-TISH-en) is a technician who
‘.on) provides care -
- Syou say them aloud many times, pronouncing them.ac-
cement of -
oo
_ scription or who makes or 3 in and
, other optical instrum ents sels Syeelasses Bipoeriany anid -: 8 The gynecologist (guy’- _ | .(guy=ne-KO†,+e-jist; the đr: O-fi -
| Table may 2 also be pronounced jine or jin) ‘specializes ia tho es that are peculiar to women, \His profession is
\ gists also practice obstetrics, as noted above.)
in diseases of the skin—rash, a BC » acne, allergies, lesi Wergi
psoriasis, eczema, etc Hi jalty is nay , me-TOL jee) ° His specialty is dermatology (dur’-
Amay also be pronounced so) is a iso a is a medical specialist j i i mental ailments, emotional problems, psychoses, neuroses,
Lie a vehiatry (sy-KY“-o-tree) - ’ " 41, The orthodontist (or’-ths-DON’-tist ializes in
straightening crooked teeth and in correcting bed “engin
(cr’-the-DON’-shia), “malocclusions,”
022 Tp rs
|” Which Specialist Would You Visit? -
cach of the following ailments
| 1 ¥ou have a painful
“} _ 3 Your baby has the colic 2 You need eveplasses So `
4 You need a doctor to deliver your baby ere rr eerey lapse _— 7 : & chủ yon know has crooked teeth ng You are troubled with a skin rash women is suffering from female disorders Sa a _ ic
‘Words About Doctors and Specialists 37 | "grinds lenses to an ophthalmologist’s or optometrist’s pre-
gynecology (guy’-ne-KOL’-9-jee) (Almost all gynecolo- 9 The dermatologist (dur’-m2-TOL’-o-jist) specializes | 7
10 The psychiatrist (sy-KY’-o-trist; the first syllable:
Of, as they are called in the vocabulary of orthodontia —
Write the title of the specialist you would suggest for - |
Trang 26
38 ¬ s -PIETH DẠY:
10 You have.an illness which, you believe can be cured, "by bone manipulation " -
11 You want new frames for your glasses "“-
ANSWERS: dQ ‘podiatrist or chiropodist; (2) optome- pediatrician;- (4) obstetician; (6) orthodontist;, (8) oculist or ` ; “trist; (3) nn ©)) psychiatrist; ecologist; (8) ‘dermatologist; ophthalmologist; (10) osteopaths a1) op- mm tician” il
Test Your Linguistic Instinct
You have atudied the titles of eleven specialists and the: form that designates the profession or practice of each one
(An obstetrician practices obstetrics, a pediatrician is in- volved in pediatrics, etc.) Can you, now, figure out the |
adjective form of each word that would describe the prac-
titioner or his work? For example, the obstetrician has
' obstetrical patients -
1: The pediatrician baS re patients
2 The podiatrist has ¬ " tin
3 “The ưsfteopadtli chpages ŸA eeeesrrre hea ng
“4, The ophthalmologist does — — -
ˆ5, The optometrirt has an , PIACHCG,
6 The gynecologist treafS -.«««etsee cases F
`1 The dermatologist treats mm tions, | 8, The psychiatrist handles sesnecenecsnseuseances¥venee - prob- lems 9, The orthodontist handles: mm ¬ - Jems | Tu | ;
` 10, The optician makes or sells’ —ẫV 1 Goods,
ANSWERS: (1) -pediA'’rics (2) podiAT’ric; (3) 08 teoPATHic; (4) ophthalmoLOCWical; (2 \ eptoMET’ric; (6) gyneool OF lai = C?} (7) gya-: “FO Words About Doctors and Specialists es 39 (8) psychiAfT si; (93: _ dermatoLOG‘ical; - -OrthoDON’tic; (10) OP'tical ch Hà _
_Ïs There a Doclorin thứ House?
Ina professional building in a large city, you see a number of medical titles on the doors as you go down the haHs, -
In each case, check the definition or description that ffs
each title Before you look at the answers, see if- you can
name the professions of the two that are left
Room Gne: ‘The shingle says “John Dos, Podiatrist,” ” a, He treats diseases of the skin,”
b Me’a the man to see when you have an aching — -
Corn
é He practices gencral medicine
Room Two: The office-of Richaid Roe, Psych alrite a He treats diseasea of the skin b He corrects malocclusions c People who have emotional problenus visit him, Room Three: The office of Ge sorge Jones,” Ophtha’- mologist,
a Ge knows all about diseasis of the eve and tefractive errors, and may resort to surgery,
if necessary, to correct eye ailmenis,
He'll check your vision and prescribe glasses _ Heyow need them -
& He'll be happy to sell you any sort of optical instroments S-cbinoculars, telescopes, micro-
SCOPES,
Room, Byun: The office of James Brown, Qseeopath,
a, Tis S Spevlaey is the tre nữiont of coras and
8 «
aden ative chicily o0w dis~
nắn Bom t of the bones, WHR reswltaat pres-
ste on ne eave aud oiocd vessels, he remedies
Trang 27
40 ¬ , - ¬ _PIFTH DAY
an ailment ‘by manipulation of the affected
- e He fills and extracts teoth @ He fills and extracts teeth a
Room Five: The name on this door is John Smith, - Obstetrician ¬ ; : ‘He treats diseases and ailments peculiar to old age - ¬ b, He specializes in the ills of infancy and child- ¬" | Lo sở e He deliers babies, `
‘ ANSWERS! (1) bị (a) is a dermatologist, (c) a doctor,
liysician, or general practitioner; (2) ce: (a)
is dermatologist, (b) an orthodontist; (3)
a; (b) is an optometrist, (c} an optician;
(4) b; (4) is a podiatrist or chiropodist, (e)
a dentist; (5) c; (a) is a geriatrician, (b) = a pediatrician, \ 4 | - Which of the two folicwing seni force? - ne _ 1 Ge is a morai leper; let us keep away from him and a: hve 6 \
- Do you remember your ‘old schoolbook definition of a verb? It went something
like this: “A ‘ver is that part of
speech which asserts, declares or predicates,” ˆ
- But a dynamic verb is more than this, It is the catalyst of the sentence It is the word that brings the sentence to ~
life TỐ CÀ x Ti
Choose your verbs with care,
Hf you pick a dull verb, your speech will be dull, barely
Serving its primary purpose of communication, making little impression
on the mind of your reader or listener,
-A choice of powerful verbs, on the other “hand, will make your speech electric, galvanic, Like 2 powder chuige,
it can give the impact of bullets to all the other words in
your sentence, cà số
A’ single illustration of this statemeut will be enough
eaces has the greater
have nothing to do with him
Trang 28»
The answer is obv ious, ist’t it? One word hao expressed
the meaning of tex
tớ watch your verbs, They are packed with Powe
I ,
Here are ten dynaini nic verbs that belong i ina xích yocab=
“alary We are not going to give you ‘their precise defini- tieas Just read the sentences in which they occur and sce if you can guess the meanings of the ones you don't already
know: Pronounce them aloud
Whet are some of the things people ao?
A They expiate { (EKS/-poe-ate) their sins, crimes,
2 Thay ng, (m-par-TODN') God for divine
3, They impute (im-PYOOT’) unworthy motives to
- 4 Thay “ingilode l1 slate), the wittier ones, at De 6 +, cocktail parties They miuict (MUL ET) the unwary, oF gullible euablic
T 'hey ostracbẻ (O8-tra-size) members of religious, political, or racial minorities
others
Sty procrastinate (0r8/KRAS-te-ate) and dien
-_ wow tơ be more punctual in the future
9 They rusticate (RUSS’-to- kate) in tho aunimer ˆ time, Ÿ fimances permit
8
10 They vegetate (VES '-a-tate)' all year, i they are ,
lacking Ì in imagination, initiative, or energy.”
1Í
Referring to Séction I, write the proper verb next to its
definition The definitions do not appear in the same '
qrder qs the seniences above, s
ty
Fo
4a ¬ SIXTH DAY ||
They deprecate (DEP“-ra-kate) ) the foibles of -
Verbs Give You Power | 7 43
1 Live in a passive way ˆ 2 Deprive of a possession unjustly 3 Make amends for —
4, Beg for ceaselessly; beseech; ⁄Z „—£ntreaL„ —— 3 Exclude from public ‘or private „ favor; ban - 6 Put off until a future tine; - ‘delay
7 Sparkle with wit or humor -
_ 8 Spend time in the country
9 Ascribe, attribute, or charge an act or ‘thought (to someone),
_ usually i in a bad or accusatory - sense ‘10 Disapprove of (the actions of Bomeone) Ấ®0C09466000992Đ 60000688 601 9994009009059601060404900060096suoe "9400006000000 e01cøs0006666 Đ.AP006600000%9 600000050 s66 PDO nar ecereersaceesenceceess “.ˆ.P H9 0 I9 0 0001000690080 62 9.99498369646090606009%009009600 ve (3) expiate; (4) (6) procrasti- | (8) rusticate; (9) ' ANSWERS: (1) vegetate; (2) mul6t; : importune; (5) ostracize; nate; (7) scintillate; -impute; (10) deprecate CHỈ,
_ Which af the verbs most: t aptly describes the Characteris- tie action of the following people?
1 He is too indolent to set hs ` :
work done on time Hb °
_ 2 He is accustomed to blaming ` , others He 3 3 He isa sparkling and witty per- _ son, He 4, He is remorseful and wishes to make amends,
3 He is.a person who is-in a rut and leads a monotonous life
Trang 29
44° ST | SIXTH DAY
6 He is an exclusive individual, avoiding people who are > dif
ferent from himself He « 7 He cheats Others, ˆ ¬¬ ` ’ 8 He’s an insistent beggar He -9, He looks down on the acis of ,
’ others ` He : 10 He is on a vacation in 1 the coun- -
⁄ try chi : te "— `
"ANSWERS: QQ) procrastinates; (2) imputes; (3) scin- ||
s tillates; (4) expiates; (5) vegetates; (6) - ostracizes; (7) mulects; (8) importunes; ˆ
(9) deprecates; (10) rusticates
oN
You will find, below, eleven pairs of sentences The _„
second sentence of each pair has
responds to an italicized phrase in the first sentence Write,
on this blank line, either another form of, or a noun or ˆ
adjective derived from, one of the verbs we have studied 'in this chapter
1 He has been spending his time in the country He _` has been « 2 Why đo you keep nagging re {or javors? Why are you so ? 3 He took $1,000,000 from the public by dishonest the public of | ĐƠ 96098 6ø ksdeseeeemeieieieee methods He $1, 000.000 -
` 4, Excluding him from our group is ‘our most potent weapon against ‘someone who is disloyal |
scevsectessscospeese 18 OF Most potent weapon against
someone who is disloyal
5, For the past two years, I have ‘been accomplishing nothing and getting nowhere For the past two
years, 1 have been -ecree
a blank line that cor- |
| Vegps Give You Power ¬ cà 45
6 He showed contempt and disapproval of the younger generation He Ty, the younger gen-
€ration, :
7 To make amends for his sin, he did penance for three đays Ín of his sin, he did ` _ penance for three days
° 8 Do they accuse me of committing these ‘offenses?
Hiave they these offenses to me? 9 I-resent your accusation that 1 committed these of- +
_ -fenses I resent your "— : fenses to me
10 She is a sparkling and witty speaker, She is
HH KỆ kg re speaker, 5
41 Putting off till tomorrow is the thief ‘of time _ neseaseesunccsaneoensecntens is the thief of time
- ANSWERS: 1mm rusticating; (2) importunate; (3)
mulcted: (4) -ostracism; (5) vegetating; (6) deprecated; (7) expiation; (8) im
puted; (9) imputation; (10) scintillating; (11) procrastination a
V
Now for a change of pace, with a few verbal gymnastics have not appeared in this chapter The definitions and initial letters are offered to help you
1 Havecontrolover = ”
2 Make easier Ba ¬-
3 Foliow the example of © Beeson
4 Make gestures or motions to convey
“meanings Do _ acssscssersoons
⁄⁄ 5 Get better — Ree
: ANSWERS: (1) dominate (DOM-o-nate): (2 facilitat — -SH/-e-tale); (3) emulate ( EM-yerlate}: HH
Trang 30
Woe
SIXTH DAY
(4) gesticulate (jess-TIK’-yo-late); (5) re cuperate (rée-KOO'-po-rate) ˆ So, Now can you think of five verbs ending in ize? 1, Be condescending toward _
_—2, Make pay a fine or suffer punish- Bi cassectecarsesenas
ment
3, Make vivid ormoving - TD c.ce-eee _ 4, Make live forever TD speenenenneenee see,
c5, Appropriate anđ clain as One@8 -_ - ¬ ˆ XNSWERS: (1) patronize (PAT”-re-nize);` (2) ‘penalize
-_ (PEEna-lize); (3) đramatize (DRAM“a-'
- tre); (4) immortalize (i-MORE’-te-lize) ; (5) plagiarize (PLAY’-jee-o-tise) ˆ
` `
|S Can you make the verbs of Section Van active part No of
1 Beethoven’s compositions have always và 3p teekeeesersể
the musical scene _ co co : 2, Carl Sandburg’s biography vividly ‹«rreeesere
‘the life of Lincoln as no other, book has ever been —
able to Oe &
3 I have never scen a Sick MAM .ssseiecsererseeesents 50
re “quickly - ¬ Bole; `
y⁄- 4 Your friends think you are conceited: because you
." g@6Øm ÉO eceeseesee veeeenece them - "
° 5, Nature WiÏ -eeesseceeerreen u for your alcoholic - |:
` ©XC€&SGS ˆ h oe ce ap
6 Let US ean the habits of súccessful „ |
~ men ~ tu huy oo ¬
“7, In her confusion, she : ` ‘your speaking vocabulary? Fill the blanks of the following -
sentences Some new form of the verb may be required,
such as dominates, dominating, dominated
ANSWERS: (1) dominated; _own the literary work of another — _P wie "— ;
| Werbs Give You Power CS ¬ an
8 He built an insecure and dishonest literary ‘reputa- —
-tion Đỹ .cesee ¬-
_9 Lẹt me pack for you; that wÏll -«- danh
, your departure ar ¬
10 The “Elegy in a Country Churchyard” did much to-
— the poet Thomas Giay ¬
(2) dramatizes; (3) recu- £
perate; (4) , patronize; (5} penalize; (6)
emulate; (7) gesticulated; (8) plagiarizing;
(9) facilitate; (10) immortalize cy
VI,
Twenty dynamic verbs, excellent additions to a powerful
vocabulary, have been discussed in this chapter How
many of them can you call to mind? Let us put your leara- *
ing and retention to a test
“ta order to prompt your memory, the initial letters are
given Recall and write down as many.as you can befoxe
- referring to the preceding pages to check yourself, A score
of twelve out of twenty ie fair, fifteen good, eighteen or
nineteen excellent, all twenty suiperb ¬ 11 D Ge EE cevssssssetsnntioee "1x * 12, Tu 3 Í .ee 13 Box CÁC CỔ ke TA, Ở c ece cseee S M se 15 K _ ` ƠỎ 16, P OT, D beeeeok 17 P 8, PP uc 18 D ¬¬~ 19.1 C10: Vu eeee.ee 20 P
For the next few days keep your eyes and ears alert for - ‘verbs, Note them as you fead, or as people apeak to you ‘See whettier they are effective and do their work Bill-
Trang 318 si -Ơ : ` \_ SIXTH DẠỸ
ticularly hetpfal, for advertising space costs: money and the publicity men have te pick their verbs with care As you
read your newspaper, watch for examples of well-chosen, dynamic verbs: "
Take cate of your verbs They will add power, color, | and punch to your speech and writing
The mentally alert person is not content to live merely from day to day, completely circumscribed by such things as food, money, clothing, and entertainment Occasionally _ he is tempted to speculate on wiy he is living and what the
controlling forces of his life are, This chapter deals with a
few of the terms that are applied to these’ motivating -
forces by different people who have varying “points of - ‘view
a
1 Is there a God? Nothing so closely approaches the
outer limits of abstraction as theorizing about a super-
_ natural und supreme being Many of us worship, most of US at least accept, some forin of deity Do you belong to’ the minority who insist, cften belligerently, that man-makes
God in his own image, that God is a figment of the
' imagination ard hence compietety,
Then you ave an atheist (AY? thee-ist; th as in think) irrevocably nonexistent?
and your philos ophy is called atheism (AY’-thee-iz-am),
Trang 3250 SEVENTH DAY The word is from the: Greck a “without,” and theos, god.”
* To many other thinkers it seems more reasonable to say that the’ existence or nonexistence of a supreme being | "is one mystery the human mind will never fathoni How
did the world come into being? How did We begin? Is -
there a father who looks after his children, or are we the producis of -purposeless chance? Do you answer these - - questions by saying that no one knows and no one can ever’ hope to know? Then you are an agnostic (ag-NOSY-tik), and your doctrine is called agnosticism (ag-INOSS’-to-siz~ om) This word, too, is from *the Greek, Gerived from
agnostos, “not knowing,” °?
| 3 Why did that young child dart across the rosdway just asa huge truck rounded the bend? How do you explain the needless sauffing out of an innocent life? Is it due to blind chance? To cause and effect? Why should: some great benefactor of humanity be cut off in his prime? Are
such events, controlled by accident? Or are they deter- mined by fate? (Fate, incidentally, b derived from the
Latin jatus, “spoken” or “predicted.”)
if you believe that everything that happens i is predetet- ¿ mined, foreordained, written down, ag it were, on the SỐ
far-of pages of some “mighty volume, you are a fatalist
(PAY*-ta-list} and your theory i is 'caled jataliern Œ ‘AY
tao)
4
tứ oaly of themselves and of their own selfish advan-
‘tage, and who actually maintain that all virtue consists in the purenit of self-interest, Completely indiflerent to the
needs, feelings, of wishes of others, th ey base their actions on personal gain and direct benefit They pin in, and : ato :
_ are motivated by, :goidem CER :
‘such a cult & an egoise (Rg 7a) “(ese Woils, characteristicully, derive from the Latin Bu, :
— 5, E your characterisation exe oppe
egoist, LZ vor have an ansélish re gard for, the interests and needs of others, then you (AL/-trG6-ist) aad you practice oliruisn (ALMr in this world of ours you will find some people who
Words About Theories oe | " 51
The relationship of this word to the Latin alter, “other,” | is clear ©
-_ 6, Can you rise above petty consids erations of pleasure , and pain, joy and grief? Can you meet adversity with in-
difference and submit.to the arrows and slings cf misfor- _ tune with 2 dignified resignation? Can you give up envy, greed, jealousy, hatred, and other human passions? Cau you : suffer mental and physical pain without complaint? If you can honestly say “yes” to these questions, and if you sin- _' eerely believe that such self-control makes for s better way ' of life, then you are a stoic (STO’ik), a practitioner of
‘ gtoicism (STO'-o-siz-om) The founder of stoigism was the
Greek philosopher Zeno, who lived about three hundred years before Christ Stoie is from the Greek sfoikoi, which, in turn, is from stoa, “porch ” Zeno taught in the.”
Stoa Poikile, or “Painted Porch,” in Athens
7 Ate you apt to say: “No other nation can hold a ‘candle to my country We are the eupermen, the chosen
people Every other race is inferior to mine and they are "all destined to be our slaves when the day contes”? This is
not patriotism Or, rather, it is patriotism carried to.an ij- logical and iudicrous extreme, If you happen to talk this-
' way, you are a chauvinist ( SH -va-rúst); you are addicted to chauvinism (SHƠ-va-niz-em) These terms come from the name of a real man, ‘Nicolas Chauvin of Rochefort, - _ | who was 20 demonstrative in his devotion to Napoleon and
| to the imperial cause that he was ridiculed on the French
stage at the time
8 Are you a bragsart abort your country’ s power? Do | you alwaye want ý your nation to use force? Do you want to
'.call out the Anny, Navy, and Air Force on the slightest | fe Provocation and send our soldiers and sailors around the
orld to show those “dama foreigners” who's the boss? “Do the other nations waat war?” you ask “We'll give it to -
them And if they oot want a, we'll give it to them any way.” If this is a description of your phiosophy you are
jingoise QING-g 7B-18t), and your heart beats ia cue Ww nh the martial music of jqyof0w (SING’ v8-de-om) (The
“Tingoes” were originally a section of the Conservative,
Trang 33
rn SEVENTH DAY “ˆ
party in England in 1877 who were eager to have their
‘nation support the Turks in the Russo-Turkish war.) , ˆ-9 Tạ it best that our government follow the political
faith, methods, and tenets of our fathers and grandfathers,
or shall we move rapidly ahead, change constantly, explore and experiment? Those who believe in Hberalism follow the latter philosophy They owe allegiance to no party, are independent in thought and action, and are always ` anathema to those who wish the government te pursue the
- well-trodden, paths Liberals prefer a changing, dynamic,
experimenting government, They vote for progress, some-
times in the sense that anything new and different and
previously untried is progressive ‘The Romaiis gave us the word liber, “free” + " ,
10 The conservative, on the other hand, is opposed to change He believes that what is, is best He prefers that’
his government follow familiar, tried, tested, and safe
_ policies “We're content: with what we have,” he says “Why take the risk of sailing into uncharted waters ” The word derives froma Latin conzervare, “to preserve.” (An
extreme Hberal is a radical; an extreme conservative isa
reactionary.) "
11 What type of life is best? To one group of thinkers, such a question has a simple answer That life ix the roost
successful, says the epicurean (ep’-a-kyéo-REE*-on),
" which brings to cach person the maximum of pleasure and,
‘the minimum of pain The‘doctrine of epicureanism ({ep’- _ e-kyd6-REE’-2-niz-om) teaches that pleasure is the chief —
good, (Epicurean should not be confused with epicure, |
ons whe enjoys the delights of the table and who is expert and fastidious in his choice of food.) "
Ready for a check on your learning and retention? 4 : su : :
What philosophy is expressed by each of the statements
below? ; Sài "
o
Words About Theories
_ 1, “Fm inierested in the weifare of the
other fellow, not in my own.”
2 “Let the other fellow take caré of
himself My interests come first, last,
and always.” »
$e * ls 2 : ` 4 :
3 “Mine is the superior race Have
we not the monopoly :on ‘beauty, |
strength, brains, ‘creativeness, hon-
esty, vittuc, and bravery?” ° 4 “Let’s not stand still in politics,
Progress, change, experimentation—
that’s what we'needi?, .ˆ -
5 “Happiness, «pleasure, fun, revelry? _ these are the most importani thihpgs -
- in 1e,”
6 “There’s a God? Don’t be silly Only -
stupid people believe in God.” + 7 Maybe there is a God Maybe there
¬—
isn’t I don’t know, and i don’t be- - lieve anybody else does or ever will.”
8 “The wise and brave man is indiffers-~
„ _en to both pain and pleasure.”
.9, “We'll build up our nuclear power, our ‘troops, and our navy; we'll arm : ?3vy m to the hilt Then we'll dare any na- s _ tion in the world to knock if ˆ, Off our shoulder!” me =P
“10 * 0 “You can’t change fhe futore, it’s ] Se callgs ee ,
: all planned and written down.” i vị
$ : `
Trang 34
SEVENTH DAY | |
| Adjective forms of these nouns are as follows:
Can you fit the correct adjective in each ing phrases or sentences?
Se EE doubts of the skeptical
-.3 Age tends to bring a chênh rerrnrtri tinge to
- one's politics _
› out is is inclined to De cceccessaceieeeseessseesen
h te eed << flavor of oriental | ‡elfglons
6 The nartow, sates = eseensennesesssesee desires of the con-
4 ae m".- - resignation of those who
- have suffered much a “ag
~ 8 The ~ blatancy of profession
` Wavers.”
"9 , The hen desires of ti he self-indulgent k
10: ‘Threats, tse’ -c.patiling,” and a cal-up of the 1e| 11, _ -gerves have often been t ADJECTIVE † , , Deulim altruistic atheism ’ atheistic ici nostic agnosticism ag ostic | fatalism _fatalistic | oF ism egoistic voicism stoical % chauvinism chauvinistic ` ngobm _lingoistic ‘liberalism ! conservatism conservative epicureanisin “epicurean attitude of the ungodly | he : _ means
‘by which stroag nations have imposed their ‘will ơn
ker nei bors
The on _ kửui attitudes of most pareng 1 to their children - " oe of the follow- + ANSWERS: all statements, Words About Theories ANSWERS? (1) atheistic; : tive; (4) liberal; istic; (7) stoical; ‘ epicurean; “(2) agnostic; (10) jingoistic; (3) conserva- (5) fatalistic; (8) chauvinistic; (11) altruistic (6) 55 " ego- (9)
Finally, to’ make ‘these words an integral part of ‘your
thinking and speaking vocabulary, try this exercise Can you react immediately to each statement as either essential- ‘ once only, then check at once the answer you trust
4 The altruist hates people 2 An atheist is a steady church- |
goer
_ \ 3 The agnostic is deeply religious.”
4 A fatalist never takes chances
‘5 An egoist wants to help his fel
low-man
6 The stoic becomes hysterical
- ly true or generally false? Read each statement quickly,
Trve False
under the stress of tragedy or
disaster: „
_? Chauvinists often switch their,
- allegiance to other nations.’
vg A jingoist is interested in Peace
at any cost
A political liberal shies away from innovation ©
10 A_ political conservative be
lieves in greatly enhanced Fed-—
‘eral power,
“41 An epicurean pursues a life of austerity and selfs ‘denial
Trang 35- |W8 than 25 per cent of the Greek language and amiss] ơ f8lÐlm|dll — - 38 10 7 29I29|9⁄4I26128|27126] 7 [SlBiel= Quick Vocabulary Builder -
English is a reservoir of a i ore
Ì or its Own use mi
taken over to itself and has absorbed f more than 50
per cent of the Latin language It is obvious, then, that a
- knowledge of Greek and In the exercises ahead we W and will show how you can é scores of words that you may
ily identify and understand ever have seen before
'
.-1, Monogamy (ma-NOG”-9
ˆ 0ƒ triarriage; a rhan or woman has only on
“at any time From Greek monos, “one,
_ tage.” "
pm Bigamy: (BIG-e-mee) TH
os ¬ / 56
the classical languages It has '
Latin roots is invaluable in any
-mee} A one-to-one system - e current spouse -
? games, “iar ; egal involvement by one
bis, “twice” or “two,” plus gamos
3 Polygamy (po-LIG’-0-mee).: ‘A-custom, once preva- a man has more than one wife The first part of the word is from Greek polys, “many.” ` From Greek misein, “to hate,” plus gamos -
‘
previous section lead to four new words
1 Monotheism (MON’-o-thee-iz’-om) The belief in a
single, supreme deity Greek monos, “one,” combined with
theos, “god.” - , ,
2 Bicuspid (by-KUS’-pid) A tooth with two prongs
Latin bis, “twice” or “two,” and cuspis, “point.” -
3 Polyglot (POL’-ce-glot’), Glotta is Greek for _ [> | ’ languages, “tongue”; the polyglot is one who speaks many tongues or
a Si ¬
4 Misanthropy (mo-SAN’-thro-pee) Anthropos is Greek for “man.” We have, then, the hatred of man or of
mankind: A misanthrope: (MISS’-en-thrope), therefore, is fellow men, - - s we've discovered so far Can you remember the meaning of each word using these roots? Let us take a quick review of the roots we theism
2 Gamos (Greek), “marriage,” as in monogamy, biga~
_ my, misogamy, and polygamy , : -}
_ Quick Vocabulary Builder So 57
person in two or more concurrent marriages From: Latin
lent among the Mormons in Utah and encountered today:
- in some parts of Asia, Africa, the Near East, etc., in which -
4, Misogamy (mo-SOG’-9-mee) Hatred of marriage,
Notice how the Greek and Latin roots discussed in the
anyone who has a morbid aversion to, or distrust ‘of, his |
Trang 36_ g8 edge,” “study,” or “word.” men.” ˆ, ae _ 3, Bis (Latin), “twice” or “two,” as in- bigamy and bicuspid
4 Polys (Greek), “many,” as in polygamy and polyglot
-§ Misein (Greek), “to hate,” as in misogamy and
‘misanthropy _ ¬
6 Theos (Greek), “god,” as in monotheism, bitheism, -
and polytheism - ¬ :
7 Cuspis (Latin), “point,” as in bicuspid” 8 Glotia (Greek), “tongue,” as in polyglot
9, Anthropos (Greek), “man,” as in misanthropy -
Vv
Now on to further explorations into roots: ;
_1, Theology (thee-OL/-e-jee) The study of God and
religion To theos we add the Greek root logos, “knowl-
2 Philanthropy (fo-LAN’-thro-pee) Love of mankind
The root anthropos is comb é
“to Jove.” A philanthropist (fo-LAN ‘thro-pist), then, who
gives money to the poor, is literally
3 Anthropology: (an’
‘i.e, science of human development and history—a com
bination of anthropos and logos ;
4 Philology (fe-LOL’-2-jee) Study -of language, ‘Le,
science of linguistics—literally, @ love of words, from
philein combined with logos, - ‘ ee
Ready for a test of your knowledge of Greek and Latin
- roots? Write the meaning of eac
blank below, then give one example of a n English word
‘based on this root _- ae
‘EIGHTH DAY |
ined: with the Greek philein, ©
a “lover of his fellow- | `
-thr6-POL/-ejee) Study of mán, -
h root in the appropriate —
Quick Vocabulary Builder agg cĩ ; ho EXAMPLE theos phim misein gamos glotta _ monos cuspis _9 polyg + - _ 10, anthropos- 11, loges MEANING We NAU PON
- ANSWERS: (1) ‘twice, two; (2) god; (3) love; (4) - hates” @) marriage; (6) tongue; (7) one;
(8) point; (9) mang; (10) man, mankind; —
" _ (11) stmdy, kaowledge, word 1 củ = To check your, exaniples, refer to previous pages oo
‘
4 Can you qualify as a word detective? Keep in mind the
) ele en roots we have discussed and wy to arrive at the
meanings of the italicized words Guess intelligently, rcfer-
ae ee oe moaning i the kh as Ọien 2S you: wish to ime -anin g in the blank line following each sen „ sea 5 you “Oe
Ả, Some Englishmen went a monogle C(MON”-2.kst) `
“ .nc cố Ne eee ereaniserew soon sens 2 He detivere v3 2 ,
_ 2 tog’) me He delivored an interesting monologue (MON-e- sstiag on
3 He has 2 monopoly of the mm
eles) a ‘nonopoly of the coffee market (me-NOP-
Trang 3711.1 : vã BIGHTH DAY Á *ÍÝ ¬
` He i is riding a bicyc le (BY’-so-kol)
¿ Man is a biped (BY’-ped) . |; France and England made 8 bilateral (by LAT rol) agreement an "¬= - ố
ree rrr eer rrr rr errr , ỉa 9 A’ misogynist (mo SAHJ’-o-nist) shuns the com-
pany of women, |
om) `
The President’s wonderful stamp collection is the
~ eavy of philarelist Œa-LAT-e- -lists)
13
đa,
The anthrapoid: (AN’-tura-poid’) apes are Similar in appearance to humans
Biology (y-OU-s jee) is a fascinating science
`" eRe SEER eee ER OS EEE OEE ER ETE EEE ODORS TD EO HEU OSDE
Quick Vocabulary Builderp - ca 6#
TU UY vn t6 6 0060108006060 80804 KH g9 09099005 0408901690 6-8 66.06 06 tk bureau sees esuenene
Da CỐ nến
ANSWERS: (I) lens for one eye;,
person; (3) control by one person (of the market); (4) place where people live alone; (5) vehicle of two wheels; (6) creature with two feet; (7) ‘two-sided; (8) many-sided figure; (9) hater of women; (10) belief in many -gods; (11} tooth with three poirits; (12) lovers, hence collectors, of stamps; (13) manike; (14), study of life; (15) country
whiere one Person cules "
(2), speech by one
Vit
Consider, perhaps with amazement, how many new words you have: earned in a very short time -by tracing :
_- - them back to their Latin or Greek derivation Pronounce
each aloud as you come to it, and review br: iefly its mean- ing as reflected by the root structure L 2 monos, one monotheism (MON’-9- thee-iz-vm)' - monogamy (ms-NOG“- 1 gamos, marriage ¬ monogamy (ma-NOG o-mee) _ :
, bigamy { BIG”-e- mee)
- polygamy (pa-LIG’-9- o-mee L
Trang 38ral) bigamous bis, twice, two bicuspid (by-KUS’-pid) © bicycle (BY’-so-kol) biped (BY’-pedy - bilateral (by-LAT’-2-" (BIG mos) misein, to hate ' misogamy (mo-SOG’-2- mee) _ misogynist (me-SAHP- “g-nist) ˆ- misanthropy (ma- SAN“-thra-pee) ˆ _ Jee)' , philology (fe-LOL/-2- logos, ‘word, study, knowledge ˆ biology (by-OL/-0-jee) theology (thee-OL-2- bộ _.]ee) 2 anthropology (ants : _.POL/-e-jee) ` anthropos, man, man= - kind anthropoid (AN’- -thra- poid) ‘anthropologist (an-thra- : - POL’-o-jist) misanthrope “41 philanthropist - (fo- LAN ”-thra-pist)_ (MISS- en-thrope) misanthropist - (ais 'AN-thra-pist) glotta, tongue polyglot Por -terlor) EIGHTH DAY `3 polys, many : polygamy (po- LIG'-0- ¬ mec) _ polyglot - (POL/-ee- : gọt) vĩ polygon (POL/-ee~ - › gon’) jee) s monotheist (MON’-9-.- ~~ thee-ist) philein, to love - philologist (fe-LOL/- j= jist) - philaielist (fo-LAT’-0- _ list) philanthropy (fo-LAN’- thro pee) , CHSpÏS, ‘point ‘ bicuspid (by-KUS’-pid) / (try RUS " tricuspid ¬ polytheism (POL/:ee- -thee-iz-em) ee theos, god “theology (thee-OL/ a Quick Vocabulary Builder - 63 VI
“Final review time! If you feel a happy and secure
control of the material of this chapter, try this simple test, in which you have to fill in one or more blanks in’ ' each sentence Can you make a perfect score without referring to previous information?
1 One who Practices monogamy has only one
2 A misogamist TH Hàn HH 3 ke ket “ mariage
3 Theology i is the study o£ OT e 4 Biology ìs the Of TỨe , 5 A philatelist collects gi eestg ~ 64 misanthropist LH, ; HMankind, ˆ
7 Anthropology is the science oŸ
-_ development :
8 A bicuspid has ——
9 A tricuspid has points
19 Anthropoid means ‘ ‘similar to, or in the form of,
Ổ Q.2 tia cu
11 A polyglot speaks lariguages
'12 A polygon has sides
.13 Under polygamy, aman may have "- TY xxx see
wives Ta "
.14 In America, a bigamous marriage ÌS 15 In a monotheistic religion, _there ‘is only one
_- 16, A biped has two To he Ngoc
17 A ‘two-wheeled vehicle is a eels
¬ ƠƠƠƠƠƠƠỒ
_ 19 A lens for only one eye is called a Teen Leseesereseneeeee
Trang 39
ˆ 64 EIGRTH DAY
23 A nation which has one, usually -hereditary, rule
IS Qe eects lee eeee Tài
24 Belief in many gođs is called .- 25 A misogynis hateS |
ANSWERS: (1) spouse, wife, husband; (2) hate; (3) -
God, religion, (4) study, science; (5) -
stamps; (6) hates; (7) human, man’s, ‘“mankind’s; (8) two; (9) ‘three; (10):
human, human being, man, person, etc.; q1)
many; (12) many; (13) many; (14) ib
legal, unlawful, etc.; (15) God; (16) legs, ‘feet; (17) bicycle; (18) bilateral; (19)
“monocle; (20) monologue; (21) monopo-
ly; (22) Mmonastery; (23) monarchy; (24) polytheism; (25) women, females, etc Te APR) oe 15 JUG | 7/18 119 29) 21 {22 |23/24 |25|26 | 2728) ‘29;80} | | | ¡ _ AQuick Test of Your Progress toDate -
You are of course aware that you: will never add very
rapidly to your -vocabulary by merely being exposed to
words, or by reading, or by talking You must have a
plan ; 4 ¬
Here is one way to get ahead’ with words in everyday
life It’s the simplest thirig in the world - _
Buy 2 small pocket notebook When’ you read a news- paper, 4 magazine, or a bouk, or listen to TV or the radio, -
and come upon a strange word, enter it in Your notebook Then look it up in the dictionary If you find that it’s some
-abstruse or highly technical term, such as, say, syzvey, “an
* immovable union between two brachials of a crinoid,” just pass it by You won't: be using it unless you are
' studying to be a professor of biology But if it sounds like -.& word that will be helpful to you, take possession of it,
Trang 40NINTH DAY
66
also, to copy from the dictionary the sample sentence in
which it is used, if such is given ‘Then write your own
sentence along the lines of the example in the dictionary © All this’ will take only a few minutes or so, but it is necessary to make the practice a daily habit Then the fist in your notebook will grow and grow, as will your
command of English
We.want, at this point, to-help you ‘gain complete pos- session of any of the words in the first eight chapters that
may have once been unfamiliar to you: "¬
Ín this review, you have, as usual, the responsibility of ' grading yourself After you have compared your answers with those given at the end of the chapter, we will give you an interpretation of your score and you can then see
what progress youhave made - ' " : 1: The study of the origins of words or of word’ -
histories is called
(a) philology; (b) verbology; (c) etymology
2 The “taxicabs” in Ancient Rome gave tise to our
word ¬ ;
— (a) calculate; (b) supercilious; (c) captain
3, The Greek syllable graph means -
ở (a) seeing;.(b) writing; (c) speaking:
4 The word run has approximately -. -
#erent dictionary meanings : ca (a) 3; (6) 20; (c) 90
~ 5, Some words require ‘emotional maturity to be un-
derstood co (a) True? or (b) False? `
Bach phrase in ‘column B defines a word in column A :
Match the two columns
A Quick Test of Your Progress toDate oo s 67
oA ¬
1 vicarious a appeal to the baser emotions
_ 2 rationalize -b., tearfully sentimental
3 gregarious c company-loving oo 4 obsegwious -d seccond-hand or substitutionalin
Tà cơn _ experience + a hà
_" maudlin _ @, fawning and servile 6 ascetic " f, justify,' usually unconsciously ˆ
To (an unworthy act) 1, pandey _ g severely self-denying
8 sublimate -h refine; turn into higher or so- ` ¡ ¬ _ _ cially acceptable channels - aa
9, Wanfon ` Ì worn out; sterile; exhausted
So ¬ ‘from rich or overindulgent lv — ¬ ¬- cố 10 effete - _ |, j- unrestrained We — ' Chieck the correct forms: -1 The ebstetrician: (a) delivers babies; (b) treats babies: (c) ‘treats _ / women’s diseases 2 The osteopath:
(a) straightens teeth; (b) specializes in skin dis- eases; (c) treats diseases by manipulating the b
3 The optometrist: là : 1P aHng : e bones
‘(a) sells lenses} (b) measures your eyes: for glasses; _ &) operates on your eyes
4, The podiatrist: a
- (a) treats foot ailments; (b) treats mental ailments: th
° : (c) treats nerve ailments
5 The psychiatrist is interestedin: -
(a): your stomach; (b) your mind! (c) your eyes ˆ
1