TESTS OF GRADE 12 - TEST 2 pps

Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 1 TESTS OF GRADE 12 - TEST 2 I. PRONUNCIATION A. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. a. biologist b. shift c. trick d. decision 2. a. support b. pressure c. discuss d. mischievous 3. a. thought b. threaten c. thunder d. themselves 4. a. tricks b. leftovers c. depths d. roofs 5. a. cook b. school c. soup d. noon B. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others. 6. a. project b. support c. secure d. believe 7. a. obedience b. mischievous c. biologist d. decision 8. a. confidence b. suitable c. responsible d. secondary 9. a. leftover b. household c. garbage d. attempt 10. a. secret b. university c. separately d. interesting II. LANGUAGE FOCUS A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence. 11.Can you tell me who is responsible ________ checking passports? a. to b. in c. about d. for 12.My father hasn't seen his older brother ________________ at least thirty years. a. since b. from c. during d. for 13.Family relationships later ____________a much greater significance in his life. a. built up b. took on c. kept up d. took up 14. She is leaving her husband because she cannot put ___________his bad temper any longer. a. up with b. away c. off d. up 15.She earned extra money last year __________ several young children. a. bringing into b. caring for c. taking on d. bearing up 16.Some sociologists believe that the _________ family is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. a. basic b. closed c. nuclear d. immediate 17.He played a(n) _________ part in politics until he was well over 80. a. active b. interesting c. distinct d. supportive 18. It was _____________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it. a. care b. caring c. careful d. careless 19.My younger sister is very ________________ and so she loves going out. a. enjoyable b. funny c. pleasing d. lively 20.The average ' ___________ pays 27 penny a day in water rates. a. housing b. housework c. household d. housemate 21.He told me that he had not made any _____________ for his summer holiday. a. plan b. idea c. project d. scheme 22.Steve is a ____________ man. He enjoys being at home with his wife and children. a. free b. married c. single d. family 23. For_____________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended. a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing 24.He's always ______________ to his father's wishes. a. confident b. supportive c. obedient d. expressive 25. ___________irritating they are, you shouldn't lose your temper with your children. Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 2 a. No matter b. However c. Despite d. Because of B. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences. 26.Although we ___________ all day, we haven't managed to find a suitable applicant. a. are interviewing b. have interviewed c. have been interviewing d. interviewed 27.Explorers believed that the river ___________ into the Atlantic. a. has run b. ran c. was running d. would run 28.I must have a bath. I____________ all the afternoon. a. was gardening b. have gardened c. have been gardening d. had been gardening 29.The team ___________ a single match so far this season. a. doesn't win b. didn't win c. hasn't won d. hadn't won 30.News ______________ in of a large fire in central London. a. is coming b. are coming c. have come d. was come 31. _____________to the language center when I saw you yesterday morning? a. Have you gone b. Had you gone c. Did you go d. Were you going 32.By the time you receive this letter, I ____________ for the USA. a. have left b. will leave c. will have left d. am leaving 33. It seems that everyone has a computer these days because in recent years, they ________very affordable. a. have become b. became c. will become d. are becoming 34.There's no doubt that if I _________________ a lot of money, I'd definitely stop working. a. win b. won c. would won d. had won 35.Some people think that 'Pericles' __________ by Shakespeare. a. wrote b. has written c. was written d. had been written 36.Your car is too dirty! When did you have it _______________? a. wash b. be washed c. being washed d. washed 37.After the race ____________ , the celebration began. a. had been won b. is won c. will be won d. have been won 38. She could not speak, nor_________________ anything we said., a. she understands b. she could understand c. could she understand d. did she understand 39.He said he __________ a book when the robber broke into the house. a. read b. was reading c. had read d. has been reading 40. _____________was on~ of the most difficult tasks pioneers faced on their journeys west. a. Crossing rivers b. While crossing rivers c. Rivers being crossed d. By crossing rivers C. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. 41. While the teacher was explaining the sum on the blackboard, the children threw paper aeroplanes around the classroom. 42. Small town newspapers often urge readers to make business with local merchants. 43. During a depression, economic conditions are far worst than they are during a recession. 44. Some people enjoy preparing their own meals while another would rather eat out regularly. Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 3 45. During first ten years of the space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificial satellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth. 46. This is the first time Janet has taken so difficult class, but she plans to complete it. 47. There are probably around 3,000 languages speaking in the world. 48. Political science, alike the other social sciences, is not an exact science. 49. About 8,000 years ago, people began using animals to carry themselves and their belongings. 50. It takes over four years for light from the nearest star reaching the earth. III. READING A. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best fits the blank space in the following passage. FAMILY HISTORY In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (51)_____________to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history. They can try to (52)___________out more about where their families came from and what they did. This is now a fast-growing hobby, especially in countries with a (53)____________short history, like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time (54)__________________through a book on family history and to take the (55)______________to investigate your own family's past. It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (56)______________yourself many problems which could have been (57)____________with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are (58)__________with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (59)______________it as an interesting possibility. A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with, a more complex one may only get in your (60)______________. The most important thing, though is to get started. Who knows what you might find? 51. a. pushed b. attracted c. brought d. considered 52. a. lay b. make c. put d. find 53. a. fairly b. greatly c. mostly d. widely 54. a. seeing b. moving c. going d. living 55. a. idea b. plan c. purpose d. decision 56. a. produce b. cause c. build d. create 57. a. missed b. lost c. avoided d. escaped 58. a. connected b. joined c. attached d. related 59. a. treat b. control c. contact d. direct 60. a. track b. path c. road d. way B. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer. In many modern countries, people think of a family as a mother, a father and their children. But this is not the only kind of the family group. In some parts of the world, a family group has many other members. This kind of large family is called an "extended family" or a "joint family". The joint family includes all living relatives on either the mother's or the father's side of the family. It is made up of grandparents, parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. They live together in a large house or in huts built close together. Early people probably lived in joint families. They had to be part of a large group in order to survive. The members of the group helped each other hunt. They worked together to protect Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 4 themselves from dangerous animals and other enemies. In China, people lived in joint families. When a son married, he and his 'wife lived at his parents' home. Unmarried daughters remained at home until they married. Chinese children felt very loyal to their parents. Younger members of the joint families always took care of the old ones. In India and Africa, some people still live in joint families. The members of a joint family share their earnings and property. If one member of the group becomes ill or has bad luck, the others help the person. As in the past, the members of the' joint family offer each other help and protection. 61.This passage as a whole tells us about ___________ . a. all types of family b. families in China c. joint families d. families found in India and Africa 62. Long time ago, members of joint families ________ . a. did not live together b. helped each other catch animals c. lived separately in order to survive d. found it difficult to live together 63.The phrase "is made up of' in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________________. a. includes b. forms c. consists d. compensates 64.According to the passage, people who live in joint families often__________________. a. take care of one another b. share their good or bad luck c. remain at home until they married d. feel very loyal to their parents 65. Which of the following is NOT true? a. A joint family is a large family. b. Chinese children always took care of their parents. c. The members of the joint family used to be very helpful and protective. d. The joint family is not popular nowadays. IV. WRITING A. From the words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentences. 66.Named for its founder, __________________ in Ithaca, New York. a. In 1865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell University b. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra Cornell c. It was in 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra Cornell d. Ezra Cornell established Cornell University in 1865 67.It has been estimated that ________________ species of animals. a. more than a million b. it is a million or more c. there are over a million d. are over a million of 68. San Francisco has a pleasant climate, ____________ and many fascinating neighborhoods. a. exciting scenery b. has exciting scenery c. that the scenery is exciting d. the scenery is exciting 69. First designed in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event _______concerns about environmental issues such as pollution. a. dedicated to raising b. dedicated raising c. dedicates to raise d. that dedicates to raising 70.The table was_______________ . a. too heavy that one person couldn't carry b. so heavy that one person could carry c. too heavy for one person to carry d. enough heavy for one person to carry B. Choose the sentences - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the printed one. Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 5 71. Sorry, I took you for someone else. a. Sorry, I made a mistake in taking you to someone else. b. Sorry, I took you instead of somebody else. c. Sorry, I thought you were somebody else. d. Sorry, I asked somebody else to take you. 72. Dave had to take a cut in pay to keep from losing his job. a. Dave's salary was lowered. b. Dave lost his job and had to cut in pay. c. Dave had an accident on the job. d. Dave was given a salary increase. 73. He makes a better husband than father. a. Fathers are usually good husbands. b. He is more successful as a husband than as a father. c. His father is better than her husband. d. He tries to be a good husband and father. 74. I wish George had come to Italy with us. a. I am pleased that George came to Italy with us. b. I am sorry that George isn't going to Italy with us. c. I hope that George will go to Italy with us. d. I am sorry that George didn't come to Italy with us. 75. You can enrich your knowledge by listening to the radio. a. Listening to the radio makes you know less. b. Listening to the radio makes you know more. c. Listening to the radio enables you to be rich. d. Listening to the radio makes your knowledge rich. UNIT 2. CULTURAL DIVERSITY TEST1 I. PRONUNCIATION Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. a. diversity b. sacrifice c. oblige d. significant 2. a. weather b. appear c. measure d. pleasure 3. a. confided b. obliged c. determined d. agreed 4. a. unwise b. develops c. values d. equa1s 5. a. ancestor b. celebrate c. conical d. certain II. LANGUAGE FOCUS A. Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences. 6.We need a decision _________________ this project by next week. a. in b. on c. with d. to Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 6 7.There was an enthusiastic response _________________ my suggestions. a. for b. of c. to d. with 8.A large number of India men agreed that it was unwise to confide _____________ their wives. a. in b, on c. of d. with 9.Approval or _______________ of the project is up to the Italian cultural affairs minister. a. rejection b. admission c. prevention d. decision 10.Face with a changing environment, most organisms will adapt and ___________ . a. diverse b. diversify c. diverge d. divert 11.The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese ________________ . a. partner b. colleague c. counterpart d. collaborator 12.Safety should take ________________over all other matters in the workplace. a. precede b. precedent c. preceding d. precedence 13.Parents are ___________ by law to send their children to school. a. obliged b. confided c. demanded d. conducted 14.Some people are concerned with physical __________ when choosing a wife or husband. a. attractive b. attraction c. attractiveness d. attractively 15.A woman has to ____________ more in marriage than a man. a. determine b. sacrifice c. apologize d. equalize B.Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentences. 16.She .said she met you once at the Parade last week. ______________ since? a. Have you met her b. Had you met her c. Did you meet her d. Were you met her 17.Several years after they __________________ up they met again by chance in Paris. a. have split b. had split c. were split d. had been splitting 18.Dr Jones ________________ the same talk in room 103 at 10.00 next Thursday. a. gives b. IS to give c. will be giving d. will have given 19.You need to work much harder if you ___________ any chance of passing the exam. a. have b. will have c. are having d. are to have 20.It's difficult for us to get jobs here, so we ______________ emigrating to Canada. a. consider b. are considering c. have considered d. will consider 21.They ______________ the job by this time tomorrow. a. will finish b. will be finishing c. will have finished d. are finishing 22.Gold, as well as silver, _______________in price. a. have risen b. rise c. has risen d. are rising 23.The majority of books _______________today do not reach a wide audience. a. published b. publishing c. to be published d. have published 24.We ________________ for an hour when the bus finally came. a. waited b. had been waiting c. have been waiting d. have waited 25.I'd rather you _____________ anything about it for the time being. a. don't do b. not do c. won't do d. didn't do 26.I _____________Jane tonight, so I will pass your message on to her. a. meet b. will be meeting c. am meeting d. will have met 27.John _______________ his car serviced every two months. a. has b. will have c. has had d. is having Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 7 28.I'll return Bob's pen to him the next time I _______________him. a. see b. will see c. will have seen d. have seen 29.The last time I___________ to Scotland was in May, when the weather was beautiful. a. go b. went c. was going d. have gone 30.I _____________on the left because I've lived in Britain for a long time. a. used to drive b. am used to drive c. get used to driving d. am used to driving C.Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. 31.The Americans are much more concerned than the Chinese with physical attractive when choosing a wife or a husband. 32. Fannie Farmer, an educator and cooking expert, she wrote the first distinctively American cookbook. 33. A large number of Indian men agrees that it is unwise to confide in their wives. 34. The black walnut tree is grown principally for its lumber, which is used for cabinets and furnitures. 35. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, is considering a basic part of the education of every child. III. READING A. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box. Many American (36)____________will surprise you, the same thing happens to us when we visit another country. People from various (37)_______________handle many small daily things differently. What a (38)_____________world it would be if this were not true! Some differences are minor, and people soon become (39)_____________to them. At first, for example, some foreign women may be (40)__________________at the idea of having their hair cut or styled by men. Visitors may be amazed to see men wearing (41)__________________. People may find the transitory quality of much American life (42)_______________, for example, one can rent art by the week or the entire (43)___________of an apartment, from sofa and bed to the last spoon, on less than eight hours' (44)______________. "Package" living is part of today's American (45)______________. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer. These days, most people in Britain and the US do not wear very formal clothes. But sometimes it is important to wear the right thing. Many British people don't think about clothes very much. They just like to be comfortable. When they go out to enjoy themselves, they can wear almost anything. At theatres, cinemas and concerts you can put on what you like from elegant suits and dresses to jeans and sweaters. Anything goes, as long as you look clean and tidy. But in Britain, as well as the US, men in offices usually wear suits and ties, and women wear dresses or skirts (not trousers). Doctors, lawyers and business people wear quite formal clothes. And in some hotels and restaurants men have to wear ties and women wear smart dresses. In many years, Americans are more relaxed than British people, but they are more careful witn their clothes. At home, or on holiday, most Americans wear informal or sporty clothes. But when they go out in the evening, they like to look elegant. In good hotels and restaurants, men have to wear jackets and ties, and women wear pretty clothes and smart hairstyles. notice startle wigs different cultures furnishing scene customs dull odd accustomed respects Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 8 It is difficult to say exactly what people wear informal or formal in Britain and the US, because everyone is different. If you are not sure what to wear, watch what other people do and then do the same. You'll feel more relaxed if you don't look too different from everyone else. 46.Many British people wear freely when they __________. a. attend meetings b. attend lectures c. spend their spare time d. meet their friends 47.Who doesn't usually wear suits and ties? a. Lawyers b. Doctors c. Drivers d. Accountants 48.If you visit an American friend at home in the evening, you may find that your friend wears . a. pretty clothes b. informal clothes c. formal clothes d. plain clothes 49.If you are in a foreign country, the best way the writer suggests to you is to wear _______ . a. strange clothes b. as the people there do c. your native clothes d. comfortable clothes 50.What do you think the passage is mainly about? a. Recent dressing habit in Great Britain and the United States. b. The reason why informal clothing is popular in the UK and USA. c. When we should wear in a formal way. d. Where we should wear in a formal way. IV. SPEAKING Choose the phrase or sentence - a, b, c or d - that best completes the conversation. 51.A: ____________ a happy marriage should be based on love. B: I definitely agree! a. I really know b. As I see it c. Personally, I think d. Do you think 52.A: I'm not sure about this soup. It tastes like something's missing. B: _________________ It tastes fine to me. a. You're right. b. Oh, I don't know. c. I couldn't agree more. d. I don't think so. 53.A: It seems to me that spring is the most beautiful time of year. B: _________________ It really is lovely! a. You're exactly right! b. You could be right. c. You're dead wrong. d. I couldn't agree less. 54.A: ______________children nowadays watch too much TV. B: Absolutely! a. In my conclusion b. In my opinion c. As you see d. As a matter of fact, 55.A: This grammar test is the hardest one we've ever had this semester! B: ______________but I think it's quite easy. a. I couldn't disagree more, b. I understand what you're saying. c. You're right, d. I don't see it that way, V. WRITING Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the printed one. 56.The coach's tactics were directly responsible for the team's defeat. Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 9 a. The team lost because the coach had no direct tactics. b. The team's responsibility is to defeat the coach's tactics. c. The coach directly guided the team, but had no responsibility. d. The team lost as a direct consequence of the coach's tactics. 57.I wasn't a bit surprised to hear that Kate had failed her driving test. a. That Kate had failed in her driving test surprised me a bit. b. I was surprised that Kate had passed her driving test. c. It came as no surprise to me to hear that Kate hadn't passed her driving test. d. Surprisingly, Kate had failed her driving test. 58.We'll go camping as long as the weather is good. a. Only if the weather is fine will we go camping. b. If the weather is better, we will go camping. c. The weather is good when we will go camping. d. We'll go camping immediately after the weather is good. 59.My father hasn't smoke for three years. a. My father started smoking three years ago. b. My father quit smoking for three years. c. My father stopped smoking three years ago. d. My father won't continue smoking in three years' time. 60.The secret to success is hard work. a. Working hard ensures success. b. One must work hard to keep secrets. c. One cannot succeed if he has secrets. d. If you keep your work secret, you will succeed. Trần Minh Hiền Success to you! 10 UNIT 3. WAYS OF SOCIALISING TEST 1 Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 1. a. attract b. person c. signal d. instance 2. a. verbal b. suppose c. even d. either 3. a. example b. consider c. several d. attention 4. a. situation b. appropriate c. informality d. entertainment 5. a. across b. simply c. common d. brother Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one. 6. She is a kind of woman who does not care much of work but generally _______ only with colleagues for meals, movies or late nights at a club. a. supposes b. socializes c. attention d. discussed 7. I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time. a. correct b. right c. exact d. suitable 8. You should _______ more attention to what your teacher explains. a. make b. get c. set d. pay 9. Body language is a potent form of _______ communication. a. verbal b. non-verbal c. tongue d. oral 10. Our teacher often said, "Who knows the answer? _______ your hand." a. Rise b. Lift c. Raise d. Heighten 11. This is the instance where big, obvious non-verbal signals are appropriate. a. situation. B. attention c. place d. matter 12. They started, as _______ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years. a. informal b. informally c. informalize d. informality 13. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and ________. a. communicate b. communication c. communicative d. communicator 14. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _______ in response to questions. a. attention b. attentive c. attentively d. attentiveness 15. Pay more attention _______ picture and you can find out who is the robber. a. to b. for c. at d. on 16. She looked _______ me, smiling happily and confidently. a. on b. over c. forward d. at 17. - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary! - _______ a. Thank you very much. I am afraid b. You are telling a lie c. Thank you for your compliment d. I don't like your sayings 18. In _______ most social situations, _______ informality is appreciated. a. Ø / Ø b. the / an c. a / the d. the / a 19. - What beautiful dress you are wearing! - Thank you. That is _______ nice compliment. a. a / a b. the / Ø c. Ø / Ø d. the / the 20. ______ you wanted to ask your teacher a question during his lecture, what would you do? a. As b. As if c. Even of d. suppose 21. John asked me _______ in English. a. what does this word mean b. what that word means c. what did this word mean d. what that word meant 22. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely. a. not behave b. not to behave c. not behaving d. did not behave 23. She said she _______ collect it for me after work. a. would b. did c. must d. had 24. She said I _______ an angel. [...]... institutes; professional secondary schools, and vocational schools which offer degrees or certificates from a-few-month to 2- year courses According to Vietnam's Ministry of Education and Training, there are currently 23 non-public universities, accounting for 11% of the total number of universities These non-public universities are currently training 119,464 students, or 11.7% of the total number of students... subject of much curiosity and therefore you may notice some stares (48) _ speaking, the Chinese are not a touch-oriented society, especially true for visitors So, avoid (49) _ or any prolonged form of body contact Public displays of affection are very rare On the other hand, you may note people of the same sex walking hand-in-hand, which is simply a gesture of friendship Do not worry about a bit of. .. happily and peacefully in Canada a who b whom c that d whose 21 I saw a lot of new people at the party, _ seemed familiar a some of whom b some of who c whom d some of that 22 My friend eventually decided to quit her job, _ upset me a lot a that b when c which d who 23 He is the man _ car was stolen last week a whom b that c which d whose 24 They have just found the couple and their car _ were... effect, "I hear you," or the quizzical looks that say, "I don't understand." As we learn a language, we also learn the non-verbal conventions of that language- the meaning of a shrug, a pout, or a smile Speech thus often includes not only a face-to-face meeting, but also a meeting of the minds "Conversation," Steven Pinker notes, "requires cooperation." Listeners assume that speakers are conveying information... with doctorates of _ and surgery from Florence, gaining the highest honors that year a medicine b medical c medicate d medication 11 The making of good habits _ a determination to keep on training your child a require b requires c requirement d required 12 He was the only _ that was offered the job a apply b application c applicant d applying 13 A university is an -institution of higher education... face-to-face encounter of speech, communication is' not limited to Words Speakers use a wide variety of extra-verbal devices, from emphasis and dramatic pauses to changes in tone or tempo Speakers also use a broad range of nonverbal clues They "talk" with their eyes and their bodies They use hand gestures and facial expressions to convey ideas And speakers respond to similar cues from their listeners -. .. a in b of c for d upon 10 He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the _ of the company a requirements b applicants c information d education 11 _ education is normally taken to include undergraduate arid postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training a Primary b Tertiary c Secondary d Intermediate 12 The University of Cambridge is a prestigious _ of higher... walking C ‘ve walked D was getting D will have stayed D was walking 32 The washing-machine has broken down again I think we should get A a new B a new one C other new D new one 33 I don't feel like home; what about out for a walk? A to stay - to go B to stay - going C staying - to go D staying - going 34 _ we were lost, he offered to show us the way home A Thought B Thinking C To think... that 22 I come from the Seattle area, _ many successful companies such as Microsoft and Boeing are located a which b that c where d whom 23 They have just visited the town _ location was little known a where b whose c which d that 24 _ one of the most creative artists in rock 'n roll, came from California a Frank Zappa, who was b Frank Zappa was c Frank Zappa, that was d Frank Zappa whom was 25 ... others depends upon the words saying; 93% of that C D (we say) depends on nonverbal communication 32 Body language is quiet and secret, but most powerful language of all A B C (the most) D 33 Our bodies send out messages constantly and sometimes we do not A B C recognize that we are using many nonverbal language D (a lot of) 34 Our understanding and use of non-verbal cues in facial expressions A B and . Minh Hiền Success to you! 1 TESTS OF GRADE 12 - TEST 2 I. PRONUNCIATION A. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. a. biologist. the non-verbal conventions of that language- the meaning of a shrug, a pout, or a smile. Speech thus often includes not only a face-to-face meeting, but also a meeting of the minds. "Conversation,". prolonged form of body contact. Public displays of affection are very rare. On the other hand, you may note people of the same sex walking hand-in-hand, which is simply a gesture of friendship.