English Language Tests-Intermediate level''''s archive doc

English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive A very brief history of management theories 1. Carter McNamara explains that views on management have changed over the past century — particularly in the past few decades. abundantly bountifully objectively substantially 2. The Scientific Management Theory (1890-1940): At the of the century, the most notable organizations were large and industrialized, and often they included ongoing, routine tasks that manufactured a variety of products. term tip top turn 3. The United States highly scientific and technical matters, including careful measurement and specification of activities and results, so management tended to be the same. achieved awarded prized won 4. Frederick Taylor developed the 'scientific management theory', which this careful specification and measurement of all organizational tasks. engendered engineered espoused exposed 5. Tasks were standardized as much as possible, and workers were rewarded and punished; this approach appeared to work well for organizations with lines and other mechanistic, routinized activities. assembly command control picket 6. The Bureaucratic Management Theory (1930-1950): Max Weber the scientific management theory, focussing on dividing organizations into hierarchies to establish strong lines of authority and control; he suggested organizations develop comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures for all routinized tasks. embattled embellished emblazoned embodied 7. The Human Relations Movement (1930-today): Eventually, unions and government regulations reacted to the rather effects of these theories, and more attention was given to individuals and their unique capabilities in the organization. degenerating degrading dehumanizing denigrating 8. A major belief included that the organization would prosper if its workers prospered as , and Human Resource departments were added to organizations. well much before possible before much possible well 9. The behavioral sciences played a strong role in helping to understand the needs of workers and how the needs of the organization and its workers could be better aligned alleviated assigned assuaged 10. Various new theories were , many based on the behavioral sciences (some had names like theory 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'). bred hatched laid spawned . English Language Tests-Intermediate level's archive A very brief history of management theories 1. Carter McNamara