u t ot -t' t oet t a4.nt n, r I @ t.tt lof sltrtr sruuat ;';,';;t;il u,E!,:,.,, joJumr.r E rrql rno srlnocr Jo )s.rrj.",,r" ,q, ;" ,1q,." -,lI' Ii or pallpJ;1 ap,r".rorol4go ,(do3 apzyg-ul1affXffffi oN rNly/neuv l0 ri,.s lqfur s'rnruu,otr ,{rrrqns *ror lo ,t.jrns,ror- '.',,o'"otllfrJo'ill vo nxllt lrrpu_s)al iLl_.|Jld ot f,Jcd(U( s:ltj snq_elllnqsrbotl uo.p'sDq sr rrroqJ naqr r'qr puD,uou"rr ru, ,r, 3." )rrq'f,r ! r^rqsrahurs,* r"*_;.;^.T:';T,:A:1ffffff liil: r.q u:Tru:r:s oj._ft^ par,s:paqr u, ror^lqeq r5rnuruor ,i.lpotl: ::l rur'Jurns :l o: Jo l'rDssllru rrqlr! ,jr slu: :.n escr 8,ntruhuor ",'l"', ;, ;, ;;:il:"jil :.','#H':f ,q nr^ ,,r^ lr{f,ruuoorr.yo mo: 'os jl -_o, sjr)nurluo:, rs.qr Suour, urr:)uor T'- p"roaor.t_,,"Uo,,0.'"1;'rj:il r'o, s.',pns-,o,r!., r.rpo.u,os,* H ffi :I;;'tr""'"H?J **l pro]3lr f,a nr roJ rf,q q uerrFldrrl slqruoddnsoj :.:-::ll*rruf,pr^) ou srpr^ord fEuol!p.eqr rtr^ra_olt.s,JoDns xtt ot,.^pp lDusrnf, Jo.rot^lqiq 5qr lsrzqf, d1eq,r" nrnsru,olpw se'J 3pnqs 3'o:" ol :rr,r.srnd'n v, o."i.*j,;-lr-",i"i ;-.G;;** i".;; , sr -:'sErJ." ur 3f,sor p,pf,ruoq rou rq',u "*,_*,;J:lrT:;'J:lT 3^pJrD[ ,rp :lor! s3ulor.q tllrq] ot 8ur^gp por.* ,uourra _{r*rapJo ^EAqns or ,.snq 3'rnqs SL,r.jfEr r!q: os s'wqJ ,n ; ; ; ;;;;;; uolrrursuo>,{raq€rq ro -pDor prft s3rud :j:-:r -srj.nts T.1" ruronf :rtrtdrj3ou:.p lrrol lpnpr,";:;:;; 1rr€ru, ruoFlpuo) s qJns 33Esnmq)FrnrF rqsrur ,*,' i;;,;;, Drdu4 rs!rLu .rprraourr' ", ",,,r,, ,""",J.'T ;,1 l'#:r" ,'#* SlNlnn9dv ]Vt,,{e tV|:)EJO 0Z UOI S VSS:] ,t*y$ quict cosir€ in a c.r lhro in r mororcvclc.ln cirirerrlrnt it {'ould bc unrcxsonrblc to d.r\' ,Lnt conclusions xboLrt \4rr teoplc choose onc n)ororq'cltoler anotbrr bascdoD snlcsof quicl crrs ris'A is noisicroncs ,\s for 1l)csccondfx.r-abou! rhc relcvisionads*rhc aLrhorsccnlsto assurrcrhr( r signficrnr ponion of pcopis q'ho nriFhrbc jnrcrcsrcdin buling molorc)clcsNatcb drc adscnough timcs (o bc inlluenccdb) Ihcm \\hilc this might bc thc c15c, thc aurl)or nusr prolidc clc:rr evidence to subslrnr'arcdris:lssumption,OlhcN,ise, I cannor :lcccpt the author's injerencc thir the lds haae an) bearinS \'hlrsoclcr on consumer mororcvclc-bu\'rJ)B dccisions ln c'unS t}e ads thc aurhor rlso secms ro rssumc thar Is usual fcarures,s'hich the xds tout, actualll influencc motorq-clc-bu] ing dccisions of peoplc viewing thc ads.Ye! ir is enLi;e\' tossible th,rt these people donl likc or don't carc about X s app€ar?ice bur thx! the ad's rzucous musjc rcminds ibem of Mororqcle X s most ippcaljj)S ferrure-hs noiq cn8ine Thc fact rhat X ha-sbcen msnufacruredto! molc than sevcnrl ycars strongl) su8S€ststhat people are alread).famiti"r eirh thc sound of X s en8inc and hcrefore thxr the ads mighr seruc ro r€mind rhem of t}lxt sound In conclusjon,drc xulior hasnor trovided convircinS rcasonsto rcjccl dle assertionrhat $e forcitn.madc cop-\"sfailure ro lrrract X cusromcrsis duc to irs compnrrrivch quict cn8ine To bolster his posirion, instcad of rcl!,nE on potcntialll lrrclcvant st.rrisric5abour car s3lcs,thc iu$or should providc bctler evidence-perhaps in thc form of aorldwjde survel -rcsulrs-ihat mororqrclc buycrs have rcjccted thc forci8n cop_\'tor reasons hrvjng nothirg to s,ith enBinenoisc To funhcr bolsrer his position, thc aurhor mi$t look for a rcljrblc telcvision,viewer sunc! showinS th?t thc :rds Ior llotorcvcle X €ntice porendrl bu,vcrsprimariir bcc:ruseof the ads 'focus or tbe bilie's visual fcarures-or for orhcr rcasonshaling nolhing !o wjth an8inc noise Htl No 42 Ancurari.rr Should the Postal Service Raise Postage-Stamp Prices? Thc author of this opinjon xniclc claims that mising postege-st.amp prices vould ircrcrse thc posr2l scliic's revcnu€ rvhile decreasi.ngirs mail volumc, both of which in tum r})c author liims Nould climinxte sErin on t}|-posri q stcni ,nd improve mor{c aJnon8posElvorkc.s Bascdon t}cs€ claims, the ad$or rccommends rusin8' it st"-p p" ' .'aer ro rcvcrscwh,! the:ruthor cx.Ils"dcrcrjoratio;" ofrhc posql sersice.Tlus ,rr!.umcnt depcods on2 scrics of four c?use-andun,rot)rrq) sr pur suordrr-rnsst: p.r"uur:.qn.un,nq tr-'r)rutriLl],{:s uo srl:r 1u)tun&r srql.dtqsr:uxo :rrqnd rnrp :rr,rua::purr rtqErrrord Jcrrorrp.rq ,unsqr rl),q^1tq .renrc I :rrJ, ()scrursnq )rrt) toord rrllr sr,drq"rruao,,"""a o, prro,r", lt1u.)rr 'O)) luLd(Uol sns.ortr A!Iquuo,a ,n Jo :1" 1"!ror1p !qt zslrro Jlqnd u"qr alqstgoJd eJoI,ll sessel4srlB elE4lld ariT 8t lil! 'oN rNlI^rn9!Y rhu,susrsrsrd:)x5 rrLrnorlru rn*prra,oJpw:,."-.i5#;]:':j: itunnqrruoJ lqrssod rl8psr^ur ,tlTEr4J sru:lqord IE )snLU roq)n! ,rn pw urBls ur.lsls rr!!^rll! pinor nu.^., p,roo,pp".1r,q^ :tEror! ot tu.txr lI) s,(:^Jns c:lotdur>IEtsod pur s.lprus *)u)pljl: Jo suErur Ict rurcr.t.t, ost! plnoqs roqtnr rrdt s*r::rur ::uddur:s oi puoas:: lla rlqnd rqr aoq s.dnE8 rlqr t ^hs qtn-,p a"q,ra_*o,urio.,J " 3nu!^)-fEsr8rEl! :1qin:: rryrrqo ptnolls Joqrnr rqr sJe qsltdruo)r! oI r^oq! prssnrstp sdrusuonrlr fEsnlr rnoj :rlr Jo qjr qqlqlls tmrx rorlrnE cqr uoncrou::cp sltfi^lf,s Jq) sslr^3.t JUA rSEu)u cJud p.sodold rrp lEql IU )f,tn^uo) rr!) loqnrr trlll f,lol3q ,rlrlrurdFer oI uonuollJtaP crlr 3sJJ^aJot 5)r: :u."'-*.",f o,n'.;'.;;&;i*'*::T:ilT["]1,H;;::X -' nr^ tur^ rq€ror srrjer rotnn! rt|l qrlqa o) uorrEJourt)p r,.o ltT",aC' ::.,:"Jffi: r o!r rrErou,r^ordrur., ,,".j;"j; ros,:rprE€rr ;i::^" :_': rnr q)_qa s ,ll]uno) a$ hoq8nonp allu.'nlj Jrrpllod Jo frlros luJljrl-tr :-t ot np cq tq€ru srurlqold trfuror! plrg.os op or Blntdul5u, r, pgls?Aur t, ,.:uou trrno ,toq :cutur ou ulqs w.lsls-:rlwuJnf, lnry ", i;;;;; j: r';llt! tJ s)^rDrtqo rsol{l.^aqrE ot.rlums to" nr^,1r.^ r,.trlu, prqlDsrp lsl r^.t :nt5rr Jo los l{l lrJour tqaordut ttrt ,rt"l.rs :on"._rm, ' prE^or anur^rr rru Jrrjoqrpnr srqddD r)^rrs e4 J-r ue^r ,(fp.a,q-L 'o)p:,nqqrE:q rouplnoJ 3Frou., urru.s'^oIJ:"""fr11.T":ff;:I;il '.slsrerDo n!pu.q :r{otduF guDrrli{uj :o ,bu:rruJ: rllerd.ls8ur^ordu, lq ldurc^: roJ-spu .srqt prE^or.nur^rr Euolttppr trqr ltdd! ot p:.! dllrrur! pFroa r)ljrf,s rql EroLU 3^o_rdu ro urErs r!.rs/G ernpf,, ur^, Jo l:lr'_rurJ|)llg}gsrJcu tou plnoa anua^tr1!o:sEartru r.u , ,(Jpuorrs s.surdxa fEuonrppx.nnbrr sdJr , trsoqr I ,{tJzD.dsf,-tt 3r[LtI4J ]uol! t5l 'rnuts rurlsls JnprJ jo JlErou, o^ordrDt or sdtrrs 34x3 plnor J]lnras lnsod cqt rxrF ll.{11 ssrt ur.:s pfno6 rr slNthtneuv1v/!e tvtaljjo oz uol s^Vsslfl4.v\6 busincssxmoUnrsto shcxrconlccrurc,anctrhc xrqum€nlcan bc dismisscrl out of h:rnd Tnroios k) th( irgunr(nts unpfovcn rssumprions.(hc nrsr such issumplion is rhxr CC o\\'cs irs profir;rbilinro irs newl! fcsrorcdp.jti(c srarus.CCs pro6r:rbilin.mighl b€ due insrcrd ro fac()rs such as (hc ccooun)rcor rcgui:rron cnvironnlcnl-ro nar,le jusr r fcs,possibiliries Morco\'cr, jusr xs a poliljc:ll ofnccltolder mjghr l|nJiirh reccive credit fof :r prcdcccssor's accomplishmcn|5, CC s cucrcntprofirabilinmight bc duc !o policicsand acrion5xr CC wbiie ir *is r public compint.ln fac!, j! is cnrirclypossiblcrharCC wxs moreprofirablcasa publicbusincss and rhal it5 profiBbili!'is in dcclire-duc ro iL5renrm ro prilatc sr.irus.ln cirher c15e.it would bc morc rcasoDiblc ro conctude rhal publjc businesscsare lil(etl,ro farc bcrrcr rhan privarc ones, mrhcr rhan the o$cr va\' around Anothcr of the rrFrmcnr's unsubstantiarcdassumprionsis rhar CC is qpical ofbusinesscsrccehrl)'.eslored to pljvate st,tus t! js enrirel),possiblc tia!, ro the conr.rq, CC's profiLlbiliry is hjAhil unusuat undcr lrs circumsr:ncesand rhrr in mos! cascs,profits sulfcr when a busincssrcrums from public to prjr?rc smrus Thus, befor€ I cao accepr thc cdirorial s cooclusion, rhc author must shoq' thlr CC is rcpresentativ€ of most busircss€st}lar r€rum ro priv:ltc sLlrus Even it mosr busincssesr.hnt rcrum from public ro privxlc srarus improvc *rcr pror'13bili$'(-fare bcrier") as a rcsult, r.hcauthor's conclusion t}lrr pnrarc busLnesscs as an cniiic group fare betr€r rhan public ones is lat too broad Perhapsdrc most profisblc busincsscsarc rhc ones th:rr rcmain public ones forever- If so, rhen the aurhor would necd to nuro\r' tus conclus'onrccordingl\', ln sum, ftis argument suffersf.om cwo classjcreasoningnaws: (1) a correlation bcr'wecn rwo drings (in this caset priva(e owncrsNp ard profir2bili.y) sufiiccs to p.ovc a causc-rrd-cffcc.r€larionshipand (2) wirar is true for on€ mcmber of a group (in tlns case,businessesrcsrored ro pnvar own€rship) is so rrue for rhrr Eroup ar a whote f the aurbor wishcs ro convince m€ of his sw€cping conclusion, mrher rh;lr) rclyirg on va8uc ard scant informariofl abour one porenriall] irnreprescnritive busincss, the author should comparc rhe profirabiliw of public businessesas a group wirh thar of privarc businessesa5 group - ilil I\RGU}.4ENTI\O .'Avoiding ttuQctefo^\ctm JJ a Shortage of Trailed Engileers This editorial poin6 our thar in rl* pasr; fte majoriry of cnginccrs in' this countn havc comc from univcrili€s bur lhir rhc numbcr of univctsirl"aged pcoplc Ln this country is bcSirning to decreaic-a lrcnd L.rrat thc cditorial s aurhor beuevcs will continuc tor thc rcsr of thc decad dDc ro currcnt dccLinc ir high school enrolmcnr The auilor reasons that thc nrtion Ivill soon bc shon ofrr:rLinedcnAinecrs, then concludcs lhat educxlion pctcrsoi\ a \v,ltini SkttlsIot irc GRI/GAIAT Tcsts utoj suotrata4.ntdrn, @ aqt rol r 45 Supp^ qtal !vt{'n? >q )snur tu:(rJrur^pt: r>rfi rot slururrrnb) (z) pur:!rrr ptlqJ ')t(lrprojlr poo$ lEr>ll[ or ss.rri.^!q rsnurl '{r 'sr'rrrr r'tq) rrqunl or 'r{rl itrlurt plrr :Eru s)slrrr!f,s ro, rspro rr, (l) o^ s))trtrr ur,{) roqtn! ,qr ')r.J srgr uo p.srg sr:rr'r ,,ru, ,.u'tuo!"* oao)oelo^\ rsnur s)qn*o.*q,,"".",1'ol";"fi: []ll,i;.,:".t slsFualrs Jo uaJpIF{:) roJ aJr) /(DO 69 iltI 'oN Nrwneuv 'u!s!.'q rq rruo prpro^E,qulr rurlrrp,u, ,"u, oj[jfi*1-.* ss)u!^rtD)dLUor )Julouo): s.uonlu 3r :urlcrp ;; ;.#;'jr;fl::;ff#:il l:l ll*.r B,,'oB rrp 1.'I 93uJpl^r J)DJq )pl^ord tmu roFnr tql luswni'' ii ss)It,.,no.,asrr.ddr rr'ldr:rrlE po ,T';?i:l rtq Drsloq :c,,r,L',,r " €urpu.ir uon"'"o,o,,".]jilo]}.T,:#:1.'_"T::;* - rr El rr{r rot rrorrpuor ,Essrr)u r sr r:uloJ rq.r )sqr Jo'$truor tEuUsJoqrn! :lB 'eslarJlrro Jo TErFdrj **t' t 'rqdrsrrEu' prroa rtn Lr ^rnqEl,\ ar o* ,**ot s uoD?u sl1]r Jo Jr^'l 'qr u))alq drusuonEpr 11nt"'o' rrrglpu!-.*l" qo'o''3 osTErs.nE'roq)n! )rl) srrru,su' prurur llddns -.^l-1ltt Jo Srn puryuon r:np:p:sr:,,_l ;.;';]lTfi " ", I, il:1' :;Jff i p.n!r.rr Jo rrddns :,rruru lEnb5pc u, :r sE.rJLn rsnuJ uorrru s*, ,* "oolt-T '1s5qrt )lqruonsrnb s!'serqsu: or'pJo t'l SqpunJ oolrlrnp j'',T:':: ::.:i:ti::l r,;;i;.i'!# il::;"?,:,"#:,,L -rJqlts in'lur fFna lJ:^ rq3rur sl:o('.r8uf, j'ffj;H;'jTj.Jffi 1".-"11'1 u"","r.""r.-;,,;;"; ;I :l?";#f ;1T;* " llnsor lna 3ldord pr3x,r$ *.,".p ",",1, r,,rr ,,., "d;#H sqor 3up>ur8ur ror Idord uoDlrnpr fEultoJtrr{1 Au.r\TFr! Jo ro "* ,.pr; s'r,,,"'r- ur p".-; ";';;;"; ; o r.r s,oua,,.*.";":J,%;l'rT,?t;ffi rr_r_arrqrssod ! q 1Jl 3s!:rr.p *}tr ;fr #;'.::H;!;::*:: i::":1'111:-'t"".1":,",r", *'fl ::ffi ,".T;i#T"TJ,ff ::I:;T:,T ;* J*;##i r'-rsr€srqorJoxnsq ur or sdrqrad:np_ro:LD.n.*, 1*q" iaq sffi] )trdstrp !trspr:rr' u.^ .-'fo Jo pa.]l tqSrur : ro11rs,, r