About Objects Objective-C and Java: a Comparison PART 1 Developer–oriented training. www.AboutObjects.com © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. About the Speaker Jonathan Lehr, About Objects 1991–2001: Objective-C developer and trainer NEXTSTEP (precursor to Mac OS X and Cocoa) WebObjects (web app framework and ORM) 2001–2008: Java EE developer Fannie Mae and US Govt web app projects Framework developer Co-author of Jakarta Pitfalls and Mastering JavaServer Faces Now: iPhone developer and trainer 2 © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. About Objects Reston Town Center (Accenture Building) iPhone OS and MacOS X Training Development Core Curriculum ANSI C Programming Objective-C Programming Cocoa Programming Workshop iPhone Programming Workshop 3 Overview © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. What is Objective-C? Superset of ANSI C Adds object-oriented capabilities to C language Runtime system (C library) Dynamic typing Dynamic binding GNU C compiler compiles C and Objective-C Apple donated Objective-C to GNU project (open source) 5 © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Who Uses Objective-C? Primarily Apple Mac OS X Cocoa (UI framework) Several other smaller frameworks (Core Animation, Core Data, etc.) iPhone OS Cocoa touch (UI framework) Several other smaller frameworks (Core Animation, Core Data, etc.) 6 © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Why Should I Care (as a Java Dev)? Cool approaches to problems can open door to new design ideas Some enterprise projects may need to integrate with iPhone apps Doesn't hurt to have more perspective on how client apps work Enterprises starting to write custom iPhone apps Managers might ask you for technical info, opinions Might even draft you for an iPhone development effort Might want to tinker with iPhone app development for fun or profit in spare time Trust me—It is a lot of fun! 7 History Where Did Objective-C Come From? Inspired by SmallTalk 1972 – Alan Kay, Xerox PARC Alto workstation First Objective-C compiler 1983 – Brad Cox, StepStone First major licensee 1985 – Steve Jobs, NeXT Computer Used to develop UI for NEXTSTEP OS (and later, OpenStep) Xerox Alto NeXT, Inc.'s NeXTCUBE [...]... Security Framework Manages certificates, public/private keys, etc SQLite C Library Accessing lightweight SQL database XML Support ObjC Class NSXMLParser class 20 iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core Services Core OS iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core Services Core OS Media Core Animation Open GL ES Core Graphics Core Audio iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core Services Core OS iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core... Platforms Java Almost everywhere except iPhone Objective- C Mac OS X iPhone © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc All rights reserved worldwide 17 Layered Architecture C libraries and system calls Core Services (C libraries and Objective- C frameworks) Media Layer (C libraries and Objective- C frameworks) Cocoa (Mac OS) and Cocoa touch (iPhone OS) Foundation framework UI framework AppKit (Mac OS) UIKit... UIKit (iPhone OS) © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc All rights reserved worldwide 18 iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core Services Core OS iPhone SDK Cocoa Touch Media Core Services Core OS Core Services Core Foundation C Library Strings, dates, collections, threads, etc Address Book Framework Managing contact info CFNetwork C Library Low-level network access Core Location Framework Accessing geospatial... management and integration (via URL schemes) Graphics and windowing Handling touch events User interface views and controls Text handling Web content Device-speci c features (accelerometer, camera, photo library) © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc All rights reserved worldwide 26 Developer Tools XCode IDE for iPhone Projects Build Run (Simulator, device) Debug Source code management (SCM) Documentation Xcode... Services Core OS Cocoa Touch UIKit Foundation Framework Foundation Framework Wrappers for strings, numbers, dates, binary data Collection classes (arrays, sets, dictionaries, etc.) Bundles (dynamically loadable app modules) User preferences Threads and run loops Files, streams and URLs Bonjour (dynamic discovery) © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc All rights reserved worldwide 25 UIKit Application... OpenStep + Mac Toolbox APIs + 'Mac-like' UI tweaks + HFS+ file system + Mac OS 9 compatibility environment + Quartz rendering engine Replacement for Display Postscript + Objective- C UI layer rebranded 'Cocoa' iPhone OS Port of Mac OS X Shares same developer toolset Developer frameworks adapted and scaled down for mobile device iPhone OS 2.0b2 March, 2008 Initial release of iPhone OS Platforms Comparing... ‘Freeze-dried’ objects Archived (serialized) in nib files Dynamically loaded Objects deserialized at load time Instruments Profiling Performance Monitoring Garage-Band 'multi-track' interface Syntactic Differences Message Syntax Square brackets for message expressions Java: myString.toString() Objective- C [myString description] © Copyright 2009 About Objects, Inc All rights reserved worldwide 33 ... Automatically maintains build scripts Displays logical groupings of files No package paths By default, groups not mapped to folder structure Resources Automatically bundled with executable Frameworks Rough equivalent of JARs but at much coarser granularity Linked at compile time; no classpath needed Interface Builder Visual GUI design tool Doesn't generate code Works with ‘Freeze-dried’ objects Archived... NeXT/Sun OpenStep spec 1996 – OPENSTEP 4.0 released Apple + NeXT Late 1996 Apple's Copland stalls Goal had been to develop modern OS to replace Mac OS 9 Apple decides to acquire third-party OS instead Buys NeXT, Inc for $440 million Steve Jobs comes onboard as unpaid, part-time consultant Result: NeXT takes over Apple What Apple Bought in 1996 From OpenStep to Mac OS X Mac OS X 10.0 March, 2001 Initial