Dictionary of Engineering Episode 1 Part 2 pps

air conditioner inflated with gas to provide cushioned protec- air cap [ MECH ENG ] A device used in thermal tion against the impact of a collision. { er spraying which directs the air pattern for pur- bag } poses of atomization. { er kap } air belt [ MECH ENG ] The chamber which equal- air casing [ ENG ] A metal casing surrounding a izes the pressure that is blasted into the cupola pipe or reservoir and having a space between to at the tuyeres. { er belt } prevent heat transmission. { er ka ¯ sиiŋ } air bind [ ENG ] The presence of air in a conduit air cell [ ELECTR ] A cell in which depolarization or pump which impedes passage of the liquid. at the positive electrode is accomplished chemi- { er bı ¯ nd } cally by reduction of the oxygen in the air. airblasting [ ENG ] A blasting technique in which [ MECH ENG ] A small auxiliary combustion air at very high pressure is piped to a steel shell chamber used to promote turbulence and im- in a shot hole and discharged. Also known as prove combustion in certain types of diesel en- air breaking. { erblastиiŋ } gines. { er sel } air bleeder [ MECH ENG ] A device, such as a nee- air chamber [ MECH ENG ] A pressure vessel, dle valve, for removing air from a hydraulic sys- partially filled with air, for converting pulsating tem. { er ble ¯ dиər} flow to steady flow of water in a pipeline, as with airborne collision warning system [ ENG ] A sys- a reciprocating pump. { er cha ¯ mиbər} tem such as a radar set or radio receiver carried air change [ ENG ] A measure of the movement by an aircraft to warn of the danger of possible of a given volume of air in or out of a building collision. { erbo ˙ rn kəlizhиən wo ˙ rnиiŋsisи or room in a specified time period; usually ex- təm} pressed in cubic feet per minute. { er cha ¯ nj } airborne detector [ ENG ] A device, transported air check [ ENG ACOUS ] A recording made of a by an aircraft, whose function is to locate or live radio broadcast for filing purposes at the identify an air or surface object. { erbo ˙ rn di broadcasting facility. { er chek } tekиtər} air classifier [ MECH ENG ] A device to separate airborne electronic survey control [ ENG ] The particles by size through the action of a stream airborne portion of very accurate positioning sys- of air. Also known as air elutriator. { er klasи tems used in controlling surveys from aircraft. əfı ¯ иər} { erbo ˙ rn ilektra ¨ nиik sərиva ¯ kəntro ¯ l} air cleaner [ ENG ] Any of various devices de- airborne intercept radar [ ENG ] Airborne radar signed to remove particles and aerosols of spe- used to track and ‘‘lock on’’ to another aircraft cific sizes from air; examples are screens, settling to be intercepted or followed. { erbo ˙ rn inи chambers, filters, wet collectors, and electro- tərsept ra ¯ da ¨ r} static precipitators. { er kle ¯ nиər} airborne magnetometer [ ENG ] An airborne in- Airco-Hoover sweetening [ CHEM ENG ] Remo- strument used to measure the magnetic field of val of mercaptans from gasoline by caustic and the earth. { erbo ˙ rn magиnəta ¨ mиədиər} water washes, then heating the dried gasoline airborne profile recorder [ ENG ] An electronic and passing it with some oxygen through a reac- instrument that emits a pulsed-type radar signal tor containing a slurry of diatomaceous earth from an aircraft to measure vertical distances impregnated with copper chloride; the oxygen between the aircraft and the earth’s surface. regenerates the catalyst. { erko ¯ hu ¨ vиər Abbreviated APR. Also known as terrain profile swe ¯ tиniŋ } recorder (TPR). { erbo ˙ rn pro ¯ fı ¯ lriko ˙ rdиər} air compressor [ MECH ENG ] A machine that in- airborne radar [ ENG ] Radar equipment carried creases the pressure of air by increasing its den- by aircraft to assist in navigation by pilotage, to sity and delivering the fluid against the con- determine drift, and to locate weather distur- nected system resistance on the discharge side. bances; a very important use is locating other { er kəmpresиər} aircraft either for avoidance or attack. { er air-compressor unloader [ MECH ENG ] A device bo ˙ rn ra ¯ da ¨ r} for control of air volume flowing through an air airborne waste [ ENG ] Vapors, gases, or particu- compressor. { er kəmpresиər ənlo ¯ dиər} lates introduced into the atmosphere by evapo- air-compressor valve [ MECH ENG ] A device for ration, chemical, or combustion processes; a fre- controlling the flow into or out of the cylinder quent cause of smog and an irritant to eyes and of a compressor. { er kəmpresиər valv } breathing passages. { erbo ˙ rn wa ¯ st } air condenser [ MECH ENG ] 1. A steam con- air-bound [ ENG ] Of a pipe or apparatus, con- denser in which the heat exchange occurs taining a pocket of air that prevents or reduces through metal walls separating the steam from the desired liquid flow. { er bau ˙ nd } cooling air. Also known as air-cooled con- air brake [ MECH ENG ] An energy-conversion denser. 2. A device that removes vapors, such mechanism activated by air pressure and used as of oil or water, from the airstream in a com- to retard, stop, or hold a vehicle or, generally, pressed-air line. { er kəndensиər} any moving element. { er bra ¯ k} air conditioner [ MECH ENG ] A mechanism pri- air breaking See airblasting. { er bra ¯ kиiŋ } marily for comfort cooling that lowers the tem- air-breathing [ MECH ENG ] Of an engine or aero- perature and reduces the humidity of air in build- dynamic vehicle, required to take in air for the purpose of combustion. { er bre ¯ thиiŋ } ings. { er kəndishиənиər} 13 air conditioning air conditioning [ MECH ENG ] The maintenance deflecting vanes discharging supply air in various directions and planes, and arranged to promoteof certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that mixing of the supplied air with the air already in the room. { er difyu ¨ zиər}space; aspects controlled include air tempera- ture and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, air-distributing acoustical ceiling [ BUILD ] A suspended acoustical ceiling in which the boardand concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. Also known as cli- or tile is provided with small, evenly distributed mechanical perforations; designed to provide amate control. { er kəndishиənиiŋ } air conveyor See pneumatic conveyor. { er desired flow of air from a pressurized plenum above. { er distribиyədиiŋəku ¨ иstiиkəl se ¯ lиiŋ }kənva ¯ иər} air-cooled engine [ MECH ENG ] An engine air diving [ ENG ] A type of diving in which the diver’s breathing medium is a normal atmos-cooled directly by a stream of air without the interposition of a liquid medium. { er ku ¨ ld pheric mixture of oxygen and nitrogen; limited to depths of 190 feet (58 meters). { er dı ¯ vиiŋ }enиjən} air-cooled heat exchanger [ MECH ENG ] A air drain [ CIV ENG ] An empty space left around the external foundation wall of a building tofinned-tube (extended-surface) heat exchanger with hot fluids inside the tubes, and cooling prevent the earth from lying against it and caus- ing dampness. { er dra ¯ n}air that is fan-blown (forced draft) or fan-pulled (induced draft) across the tube bank. { er ku ¨ ld airdraulic [ MECH ENG ] Combining pneumatic and hydraulic action for operation. { erdro ˙ lиhe ¯ t ikscha ¯ njиər} air cooling [ MECH ENG ] Lowering of air temper- ik } air drill [ MECH ENG ] A drill powered by com-ature for comfort, process control, or food preser- vation. { er ku ¨ lиiŋ } pressed air. { ¦er dril } air drying [ ENG ] Removing moisture from a ma- air course See airway. { er ko ˙ rs } aircraft detection [ ENG ] The sensing and dis- terial by exposure to air to the extent that no further moisture is released on contact with air;covery of the presence of aircraft; major tech- niques include radar, acoustical, and optical important in lumber manufacture. { ¦er drı ¯ иiŋ } air duct See airflow duct. { ¦er dəkt }methods. { erkraft ditekиshən} aircraft impactor [ ENG ] An instrument carried air ejector [ MECH ENG ] A device that uses a fluid jet to remove air or other gases, as from aby an aircraft for the purpose of obtaining sam- ples of airborne particles. { erkraft impakи steam condenser. { ¦er ijekиtər} air eliminator [ MECH ENG ] In a piping system,tər} air-cure [ CHEM ENG ] To vulcanize at ordinary a device used to remove air from water, steam, or refrigerant. { ¦er ilimиəna ¯ dиər}room temperatures, or without the aid of heat. { er kyu ¨ r} air elutriator See air classifier. { ¦er e ¯ lu ¨ иtre ¯ a ¯ dиər} air engine [ MECH ENG ] An engine in which air curtain [ MECH ENG ] A stream of high-veloc- ity temperature-controlled air which is directed compressed air is the actuating fluid. { ¦er enиjən}downward across an opening; it excludes insects, exterior drafts, and so forth, prevents the transfer air entrainment [ ENG ] The inclusion of minute bubbles of air in cement or concrete through theof heat across it, and permits air-conditioning of a space with an open entrance. { er kərtиən } addition of some material during grinding or mixing to reduce the surface tension of the water, air cushion [ MECH ENG ] A mechanical device using trapped air to arrest motion without shock. giving improved properties for the end product. { ¦er intra ¯ nиmənt }{ er ku ˙ shиən} air-cushion vehicle [ MECH ENG ] A transporta- air escape [ DES ENG ] A device that is fitted to a pipe carrying a liquid for releasing excess air;tion device supported by low-pressure, low- velocity air capable of traveling equally well over it contains a valve that controls air release while preventing loss of liquid. { er əska ¯ p}water, ice, marsh, or relatively level land. Also known as ground-effect machine (GEM); hover- air-exhaust ventilator [ MECH ENG ] Any air- exhaust unit used to carry away dirt particles,craft. { er ku ˙ shиən ve ¯ иəиkəl} air-cut [ ENG ] Referring to the inadvertent me- odors, or fumes. { er igzo ˙ st venиtəla ¯ dиər} airfield [ CIV ENG ] The area of an airport for thechanical incorporation of air into a liquid system. { er kət } takeoff and landing of airplanes. { erfe ¯ ld } air filter [ ENG ] A device that reduces the con- air cycle [ MECH ENG ] A refrigeration cycle char- acterized by the working fluid, air, remaining as centration of solid particles in an airstream to a level that can be tolerated in a process or spacea gas throughout the cycle rather than being condensed to a liquid; used primarily in airplane occupancy; a component of most systems in which air is used for industrial processes, ventila-air conditioning. { er sı ¯ иkəl} air cylinder [ MECH ENG ] A cylinder in which air tion, or comfort air conditioning. { er filиtər} air flotation See dissolved air flotation. { eris compressed by a piston, compressed air is stored, or air drives a piston. { er silиənиdər } flo ¯ ta ¯ иshən} airflow duct [ ENG ] A pipe, tube, or channel air density [ MECH ] The mass per unit volume of air. { er denиsədиe ¯ } through which air moves into or out of an en- closed space. Also known as air duct. { er air diffuser [ BUILD ] An air distribution outlet, usually located in the ceiling and consisting of flo ¯ dəkt } 14 air lock airflow orifice [ ENG ] An opening through which air hp See air horsepower. air-injection reactor [ MECH ENG ] A unit in-air moves out of an enclosed space. { erflo ¯ o ˙ rиəиfəs } stalled in an automotive engine which mixes fresh air with hot exhaust gases in the exhaust airflow pipe [ ENG ] A tube through which air is conveyed from one location to another. { er manifold to react with any gasoline that has escaped unburned from the cylinders. Abbrevi-flo ¯ pı ¯ p} air-fuel mixture [ MECH ENG ] In a carbureted ated AIR. { er in¦jekиshənre ¯ akиtər} air-injection system [ MECH ENG ] A device thatgasoline engine, the charge of air and fuel that is mixed in the appropriate ratio in the carbure- uses compressed air to inject the fuel into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine.tor and subsequently fed into the combustion chamber. { er fyu ¨ l miksиchər } Also known as thermactor. { er in¦jekиshən sisиtəm} air gage [ ENG ] 1. A device that measures air pressure. 2. A device that compares the shape air inlet [ MECH ENG ] In an air-conditioning sys- tem, a device through which air is exhaustedof a machined surface to that of a reference sur- face by measuring the rate of passage of air be- from a room or building. { er ¦inlet } air-inlet valve [ MECH ENG ] In a heating/air-con-tween the surfaces. { er ga ¯ j} air gap [ ELECTR ] 1. A gap or an equivalent filler ditioning system of a motor vehicle, a valve in the plenum blower assembly that permits selec-of nonmagnetic material across the core of a choke, transformer, or other magnetic device. tion of either inside or outside air. { er ¦inlet valv } 2. A spark gap consisting of two electrodes sepa- rated by air. 3. The space between the stator air knife [ ENG ] A device that uses a thin, flat jet of air to remove the excess coating from freshlyand rotor in a motor or generator. [ ENG ] 1. The distance between two components or coated paper. { er nı ¯ f} air-knife coating [ ENG ] An even film of coatingparts. 2. In plastic extrusion coating, the dis- tance from the opening of the extrusion die to left on paper after treatment with an air knife. { er ¦nı ¯ f ko ¯ dиiŋ }the nip formed by the pressure and chill rolls. 3. The unobstructed vertical distance between air-lance [ ENG ] To direct a pressurized-air stream to remove unwanted accumulations, asthe lowest opening of a faucet (or the like) which supplies a plumbing fixture (such as a tank or in boiler-wall cleaning. { er lans } air leakage [ MECH ENG ] 1. In ductwork, airwashbowl) and the level at which the fixture will overflow. { er gap } which escapes from a joint, coupling, and such. 2. The undesired leakage or uncontrolled pas- air grating [ BUILD ] A fixed metal grille on the exterior of a building through which air is sage of air from a ventilation system. { er le ¯ kиəj}brought into or discharged from the building for purposes of ventilation. { er gra ¯ dиiŋ } airless spraying [ ENG ] The spraying of paint by means of high fluid pressure and special equip- air hammer See pneumatic hammer. { er hamи ər } ment. Also known as hydraulic spraying. { erиləs spra ¯ иiŋ } air-handling system [ MECH ENG ] An air-condi- tioning system in which an air-handling unit pro- air lift [ MECH ENG ] 1. Equipment for lifting slurry or dry powder through pipes by means ofvides part of the treatment of the air. { er ¦handиliŋsisиtəm } compressed air. 2. See air-lift pump. { ¦er ¦lift } air-lift hammer [ MECH ENG ] A gravity drop air-handling unit [ MECH ENG ] A packaged as- sembly of air-conditioning components (coils, hammer used in closed die forging in which the ram is raised to its starting point by means offilters, fan humidifier, and so forth) which pro- vides for the treatment of air before it is distrib- an air cylinder. { erlift hamиər} air-lift pump [ MECH ENG ] A device composeduted. { er ¦handиliŋyu ¨ иnət} air heater See air preheater. { er he ¯ dиər } of two pipes, one inside the other, used to extract water from a well; the lower end of the pipes is air-heating system See air preheater. { er he ¯ dи iŋsisиtəm } submerged, and air is delivered through the in- ner pipe to form a mixture of air and water which air hoist [ MECH ENG ] A lifting tackle or tugger constructed with cylinders and pistons for recip- rises in the outer pipe above the water in the well; also used to move corrosive liquids, millrocating motion and air motors for rotary motion, all powered by compressed air. Also tailings, and sand. Also known as air lift. { er lift pəmp }known as pneumatic hoist. { er ho ˙ ist } air horn [ MECH ENG ] In an automotive engine, air line [ ENG ] A fault, in the form of an elon- gated bubble, in glass tubing. Also known asthe upper portion of the carburetor barrel through which entering air passes in quantities hairline. [ MECH ENG ] A duct, hose, or pipe that supplies compressed air to a pneumatic toolcontrolled by the choke plate and the throttle plate. { er ho ˙ rn } or piece of equipment. { er lı ¯ n} air-line lubricator See line oiler. { er lı ¯ n lu ¨ и air horsepower [ MECH ENG ] The theoretical (minimum) power required to deliver the speci- brəka ¯ dиər} air lock [ ENG ] 1. A chamber capable of beingfied quantity of air under the specified pressure conditions in a fan, blower, compressor, or vac- hermetically sealed that provides for passage be- tween two places of different pressure, such asuum pump. Abbreviated air hp. { er ho ˙ rs pau ˙ иər } between an altitude chamber and the outside 15 air-lock strip atmosphere, or between the outside atmosphere airport engineering [ CIV ENG ] The planning, de- sign, construction, and operation and mainte- and the work area in a tunnel or shaft being nance of facilities providing for the landing and excavated through soil subjected to water pres- takeoff, loading and unloading, servicing, main- sure higher than atmospheric. Also known as tenance, and storage of aircraft. { erpo ˙ rt enи lock. 2. An air bubble in a pipeline which im- jənirиiŋ } pedes liquid flow. 3. A depression on the sur- air preheater [ MECH ENG ] A device used in face of a molded plastic part that results from steam boilers to transfer heat from the flue gases air trapped between the surface of the mold and to the combustion air before the latter enters the the plastic. { er la ¨ k} furnace. Also known as air heater; air-heating air-lock strip [ BUILD ] The weather stripping system. { er pre ¯ he ¯ dиər} which is fastened to the edges of each wing of airproof See airtight. { erpru ¨ f} a revolving door. { er la ¨ k strip } air propeller [ MECH ENG ] A rotating fan for air meter [ ENG ] A device that measures the flow moving air. { er prəpelиər} of air, or gas, expressed in volumetric or weight air pump [ MECH ENG ] A device for removing air units per unit time. Also known as airometer. from an enclosed space or for adding air to an { er me ¯ dиər} enclosed space. { er pəmp } air mileage indicator [ ENG ] An instrument on air puncher [ ENG ] A machine consisting essen- an airplane which continuously indicates mile- tially of a reciprocating chisel or pick, driven by age through the air. { ¦er mı ¯ иlij inиdəka ¯ dиər} air. { er pənиchər} air mileage unit [ ENG ] A device which derives air purge [ MECH ENG ] Removal of particulate continuously and automatically the air distance matter from air within an enclosed vessel by flown, and feeds this information into other means of air displacement. { er pərj } units, such as an air mileage indicator. { er air-raid shelter [ CIV ENG ] A chamber, often un- mı ¯ иlij yu ¨ иnət} derground, provided with living facilities and air-mixing plenum [ MECH ENG ] In an air-condi- food, for sheltering people against air attacks. tioning system, a chamber in which the recircu- { ¦er ra ¯ d ¦shelиtər} lating air is mixed with air from outdoors. { er air receiver [ MECH ENG ] A vessel designed for miksиiŋple ¯ nиəm} compressed-air installations that is used both air monitoring [ CIV ENG ] A practice of continu- to store the compressed air and to permit pres- ous air sampling by various levels of government sure to be equalized in the system. { er rise ¯ и or particular industries. { er ma ¨ nиəиtriŋ } vər} air motor [ MECH ENG ] A device in which the air register [ ENG ] A device attached to an air- pressure of confined air causes the rotation of distributing duct for the purpose of controlling a rotor or the movement of a piston. { er the discharge of air into the space to be heated, mo ¯ dиər} cooled, or ventilated. { er rejиəиstər} air nozzle [ MECH ENG ] In an automotive en- air regulator [ MECH ENG ] A device for regulat- gine, a device for supplying air to the air-injec- ing airflow, as in the burner of a furnace. { ¦er tion reactor. { er na ¨ zиəl} ¦regиyəla ¯ dиər} airometer [ ENG ] 1. An apparatus for both hold- air reheater [ MECH ENG ] In a heating system, ing air and measuring the quantity of air admit- any device used to add heat to the air circulating ted into it. 2. See air meter. { era ¨ иmədиər} in the system. { ¦er re ¯ ¦he ¯ dиər} air outlet [ MECH ENG ] In an air-conditioning air release valve [ MECH ENG ] A valve, usually system, a device at the end of a duct through manually operated, which is used to release air which air is supplied to a space. { er au ˙ tиlət} from a water pipe or fitting. { er ri¦le ¯ s valv } air-permeability test [ ENG ] A test for the meas- air resistance [ MECH ] Wind drag giving rise to urement of the fineness of powdered materials, forces and wear on buildings and other struc- such as portland cement. { ¦er pərиme ¯ иəbilиəи tures. { er rizisиtəns } de ¯ test } air ring [ ENG ] In plastics forming, a circular airplane flare [ ENG ] A flare, often magnesium, manifold which distributes an even flow of cool that is dropped from an airplane to illuminate air into a hollow tubular form passing through a ground area; a small parachute decreases the the manifold. { er riŋ } rate of descent. { erpla ¯ n fler } air sampling [ ENG ] The collection and analysis air pocket [ ENG ] An air-filled space that is nor- of samples of air to measure the amounts of mally occupied by a liquid. Also known as air various pollutants or other substances in the air, trap. { er pa ¨ kиət} or the air’s radioactivity. { er samиpliŋ } air-pollution control [ ENG ] A practical means of air scoop [ DES ENG ] An air-duct cowl projecting treating polluting sources to maintain a desired from the outer surface of an aircraft or automo- degree of air cleanliness. { ¦er pəlu ¨ иshənkən bile, which is designed to utilize the dynamic tro ¯ l} pressure of the airstream to maintain a flow of airport [ CIV ENG ] A terminal facility used for air- air. { er sku ¨ p} craft takeoff and landing and including facilities air screw [ MECH ENG ] A screw propeller that for handling passengers and cargo and for ser- operates in air. { er skru ¨ } vicing aircraft. Also known as aerodrome. air-seasoned [ ENG ] Treated by exposure to air to give a desired quality. { er se ¯ zиənd }{ erpo ˙ rt } 16 air washer air separator [ MECH ENG ] A device that uses series of cycles in which they are first suspended by a vertical current of air while they are sprayedan air current to separate a material from another of greater density or particles from others of with a solution of coating material, and are then moved by the airstream into a region where theygreater size. { ¦er sepиə¦ra ¯ dиər} air shaft [ BUILD ] An open space surrounded by undergo a drying treatment. Also known as Wurster process. { ərsə¦spenиshəninkapиthe walls of a building or buildings to provide ventilation for windows. Also known as air well. səla ¯ иshən} air-suspension system [ MECH ENG ] Parts of an{ er shaft } air shot [ ENG ] A shot prepared by loading automotive vehicle that are intermediate be- tween the wheels and the frame, and support(charging) so that an air space is left in contact with the explosive for the purpose of lessening the car body and frame by means of a cushion of air to absorb road shock caused by passageits shattering effect. { er sha ¨ t} Airslide conveyor [ MECH ENG ] An air-activated of the wheels over irregularities. { er sə¦spenи shən ¦sisиtəm}gravity-type conveyor, of the Fuller Company, us- ing low-pressure air to aerate or fluidize pulver- air sweetening [ CHEM ENG ] A process in which air or oxygen is used to oxidize lead mercaptidesized material to a degree which will permit it to flow on a slight incline by the force of gravity. to disulfides instead of using elemental sulfur. { er swe ¯ tиənиiŋ }{ ¦erslı ¯ dkən¦va ¯ иər} air space [ ENG ] An enclosed space containing air system [ MECH ENG ] A mechanical refrigera- tion system in which air serves as the refrigerantair in a wall for thermal insulation. { ¦er ¦spa ¯ s} airspeed head [ ENG ] Any instrument or device, in a cycle comprising compressor, heat ex- changer, expander, and refrigerating core. { erusually a pitot tube, mounted on an aircraft for receiving the static and dynamic pressures of the sisиtəm} air terminal [ CIV ENG ] A facility providing aair used by the airspeed indicator. { erspe ¯ d hed } place of assembly and amenities for airline pas- sengers and space for administrative functions. airspeed indicator [ ENG ] A device that com- putes and displays the speed of an aircraft rela- [ ELEC ] A structure, such as a tower, that serves as a lightning arrester. { er tərmиənиəl}tive to the air mass in which the aircraft is flying. { ¦erspe ¯ d inиdəka ¯ dиər} air thermometer [ ENG ] A device that measures the temperature of an enclosed space by means air spring [ MECH ENG ] A spring in which the energy storage element is air confined in a con- of variations in the pressure or volume of air contained in a bulb placed in the space. { ¦ertainer that includes an elastomeric bellows or diaphragm. { er spriŋ }thə¦ma ¨ mиədиər} airtight [ ENG ] Not permitting the passage of air. air-standard cycle [ THERMO ] A thermodynamic cycle in which the working fluid is considered to Also known as airproof. { ertı ¯ t} air-to-air resistance [ CIV ENG ] The resistancebe a perfect gas with such properties of air as a volume of 12.4 cubic feet per pound at 14.7 provided by the wall of a building to the flow of heat. { ¦er tu ¨ ¦er risisиtəns }pounds per square inch (approximately 0.7756 cubic meter per kilogram at 101.36 kilopascals) air toxics See hazardous air pollutants. { er ¦ta ¨ kиsiks }and 492ЊR and a ratio of specific heats of 1:4. { ¦er ¦stanиdərd sı ¯ иkəl} air trap [ CIV ENG ] A U-shaped pipe filled with water that prevents the escape of foul air or gas air-standard engine [ MECH ENG ] A heat engine operated in an air-standard cycle. { ¦er ¦stanи from such systems as drains and sewers. See air pocket. { er trap }dərd enиjən} air starting valve [ MECH ENG ] A device that air-tube breathing apparatus [ ENG ] A device consisting of a smoke helmet, mask, or mouth-admits compressed air to an air starter. { er ¦sta ¨ rdиiŋvalv } piece supplied with fresh air by means of a flexi- ble tube. Also known as air-supply mask. { ¦er air stripping [ CHEM ENG ] The process of bub- bling air through water to remove volatile or- tu ¨ b bre ¯ thиiŋaиpə¦radиəs} air-tube clutch [ MECH ENG ] A clutch fitted withganic substances from the water. { er stripиiŋ } air-supply mask See air-tube breathing apparatus. a tube whose inflation causes the clutch to en- gage, and deflation, to disengage. { er ¦tu ¨ b{ er sə¦plı ¯ mask } air surveillance [ ENG ] Systematic observation kləch } air valve [ MECH ENG ] A valve that automaticallyof the airspace by visual, electronic, or other means, primarily for identifying all aircraft in that lets air out of or into a liquid-carrying pipe when the internal pressure drops below atmospheric.airspace, and determining their movements. { er sərva ¯ иləns } { er valv } air vessel [ ENG ] 1. An enclosed volume of air air surveillance radar [ ENG ] Radar of moderate range providing position of aircraft by azimuth which uses the compressibility of air to minimize water hammer. Also known as accumulator.and range data without elevation data; used for air-traffic control. { ¦er sər¦va ¯ иləns ¦rada ¨ r} 2. An enclosed chamber using the compressibil- ity of air to promote a more uniform flow of water air survey See aerial survey. { ¦er ¦sərva ¯ } air-suspension encapsulation [ CHEM ENG ] A in a piping system. { er vesиəl} air washer [ MECH ENG ] 1. A device for coolingtechnique for microencapsulation of various types of solid particles; the particles undergo a and cleaning air in which the entering warm, 17 air-water jet moist air is cooled below its dew point by refrig- thermometer that uses ethyl alcohol as its work- ing substance. { alиkəho ˙ lthərma ¨ mиədиər} erated water so that although the air leaves close alidade [ ENG ] 1. An instrument for topographic to saturation with water, it has less moisture per surveying and mapping by the plane-table unit volume than when it entered. 2. Apparatus method. 2. Any sighting device employed for to wash particulates and soluble impurities from angular measurement. { alиəda ¯ d} air by passing the airstream through a liquid aligning drift [ MECH ENG ] A rod or bar that is bath or spray. { er washиər} used for aligning parts during assembly. { əlı ¯ nи air-water jet [ ENG ] A jet of mixed air and water iŋdrift } which leaves a nozzle at high velocity; used in alignment [ CIV ENG ] In a survey for a highway, cleaning the surfaces of concrete or rock. { ¦er railroad, or similar installation, a ground plan ¦wo ˙ dиər jet } that shows the horizontal direction of the route. air-water storage tank [ ENG ] A water storage [ ELECTR ] The process of adjusting components tank in which the air above the water is com- of a system for proper interrelationship, includ- pressed. { ¦er ¦wo ˙ dиər sto ˙ rиij taŋk} ing the adjustment of tuned circuits for proper airway [ BUILD ] A passage for ventilation be- frequency response and the time synchroniza- tween thermal insulation and roof boards. tion of the components of a system. [ ENG ] { erwa ¯ } Placing of surveying points along a straight line. air well See air shaft. { er wel } { əlı ¯ nиmənt } Airy points [ ENG ] The points at which a hori- alignment correction [ ENG ] A correction ap- zontal rod is optionally supported to avoid its plied to the measured length of a line to allow bending. { ¦erиe ¯ po ˙ ins } for not holding the tape exactly in a vertical plane Airy stress function [ MECH ] A biharmonic func- of the line. { əlı ¯ nиmənt kərekиshən} tion of two variables whose second partial deriv- alignment pin [ DES ENG ] Pin in the center of atives give the stress components of a body sub- the base of an octal, loctal, or other tube having a ject to a plane strain. { ¦erиe ¯ stres fəŋkиshən} single vertical projecting rib that aids in correctly aisleway [ CIV ENG ] A passage or walkway within inserting the tube in its socket. { əlı ¯ nиmənt a factory, storage building, or shop permitting pin } the flow of inside traffic. { ı ¯ lwa ¯ } alignment wire See ground wire. { əlı ¯ nиmənt Aitken dust counter [ ENG ] An instrument for wı ¯ r} determining the dust content of the atmosphere. alkali ion diode [ ENG ] In testing for leaks, a de- Also known as Aitken nucleus counter. { ¦a ¯ tиkən vice which senses the presence of halogen gases dəst kau ˙ ntиər} by the use of positive ions of alkali metal on the Aitken nucleus counter See Aitken dust counter. heated diode surfaces. { alиkəlı ¯ ı ¯ иən dı ¯ o ¯ d} { ¦a ¯ tиkən nu ¨ иkle ¯ иəs kau ˙ ntиər} alkaline wash [ CHEM ENG ] The removal of im- alarm gage [ ENG ] A device that actuates a sig- purities from kerosine,used for illuminating pur- nal either when the steam pressure in a boiler poses, by caustic soda solution. { alиkəlı ¯ n is too high or when the water level in a boiler wa ¨ sh } is too low. { əla ¨ rm gaj } Alkar process [ CHEM ENG ] Catalytic alkylation alarm system [ ENG ] A system which operates of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins to pro- a warning device after the occurrence of a dan- duce alkylaromatics; for example, production of gerous or undesirable condition. { əla ¨ rm ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene. sisиtəm} { alkar pra ¨ sиəs} alarm valve [ ENG ] A device that sounds an alkylate bottom [ CHEM ENG ] Residue from frac- alarm when water flows in an automatic sprinkler tionation of total alkylate which boils at a higher system. { əla ¨ rm valv } temperature than aviation gasolines. { alи albedometer [ ENG ] An instrument used for the kəla ¯ t ba ¨ dиəm} measurement of the reflecting power, that is, the alkylation [ CHEM ENG ] A refinery process for albedo, of a surface. { alиbəda ¨ иmədиər} chemically combining isoparaffin with olefin Alberger process [ CHEM ENG ] A method of hydrocarbons. { alиkəla ¯ иshən} manufacturing salt by heating brine at high pres- alle ` ge [ BUILD ] A part of a wall which is thinner sure and passing it to a graveler which removes than the rest, especially the spandrel under a calcium sulfate; the salt crystallizes as the pres- window. { alezh } sure is reduced and thus is separated from the Allen screw [ DES ENG ] A screw or bolt which brine. { a ¨ lиbərиgər pra ¨ sиəs} has an axial hexagonal socket in its head. { alи alcoholimeter See alcoholometer. { alиkəho ˙ limи ən skru ¨ } ədиər} Allen wrench [ DES ENG ] A wrench made from alcoholmeter See alcoholometer. { alиkəho ˙ l a straight or bent hexagonal rod, used to turn me ¯ dиər} an Allen screw. { alиən rench } alcoholometer [ ENG ] A device, such as a form alligator shears [ ENG ] A cutting tool with a of hydrometer, that measures the quantity of an fixed lower blade and a movable upper blade alcohol contained in a liquid. Also known as (shearing arm) that moves in an arc around a alcoholimeter; alcoholmeter. { alиkəho ˙ la ¨ и fulcrum pin; used mainly for shearing applica- mədиər} tions that do not require great accuracy. { alи əga ¯ dиər shirz } alcohol thermometer [ ENG ] A liquid-in-glass 18 altitude-azimuth mounting alligator wrench [ DES ENG ] A wrench having alphatron See alpha-ray vacuum gage. { alи fətra ¨ n}fixed jaws forming a V, with teeth on one or both jaws. { alиəga ¯ dиər rench } alt See altitude. altazimuth [ ENG ] An instrument equipped with allocate [ IND ENG ] To assign a portion of a re- source to an activity. { aиlo ¯ ka ¯ t } both horizontal and vertical graduated circles, for the simultaneous observation of horizontal allowable bearing value [ CIV ENG ] The maxi- mum permissible pressure on foundation soil and vertical directions or angles. Also known as astronomical theodolite; universal instrument.that provides adequate safety against rupture of the soil mass or movement of the foundation { altazиəиməth } alt-azimuth mounting See altitude-azimuth mount-of such magnitude as to impair the structure imposing the pressure. Also known as allow- ing. { alt azиəиməth mau ˙ ntиiŋ } alternate energy [ ENG ] Any source of energyable soil pressure. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl berиiŋvalиyu ¨ } allowable load [ MECH ] The maximum force other than fossil fuels that is used for construc- tive purposes. { o ˙ lиtərиnət enиərиje ¯ }that may be safely applied to a solid, or is permit- ted by applicable regulators. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl lo ¯ d} alternating current [ ELEC ] Electric current that reverses direction periodically, usually many allowable soil pressure See allowable bearing value. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl so ˙ il preshиər } times per second. Abbreviated ac. { ¦o ˙ lи tərna ¯ dиiŋ ¦kərиənt } allowable stress [ MECH ] The maximum force per unit area that may be safely applied to a alternating-current welder [ ENG ] A welding machine utilizing alternating current for weldingsolid. { əlau ˙ иəиbəl stres } allowance [ DES ENG ] An intentional difference purposes. { ¦o ˙ lиtərna ¯ dиiŋ ¦kərиənt weldиər} alternating stress [ MECH ] A stress produced inin sizes of two mating parts, allowing clearance usually for a film of oil, for running or sliding a material by forces which are such that each force alternately acts in opposite directions.fits. { əlau ˙ иəns } allowed hours See standard hour. { əlau ˙ d au ˙ и { o ˙ lиtərиna ¯ dиiŋstres } altigraph [ ENG ] A pressure altimeter that has aərz } allowed time [ IND ENG ] Amount of time al- recording mechanism to show the changes in altitude. { alиtəgraf }lowed each employee for personal needs during a work cycle. { əlau ˙ d tı ¯ m} altimeter [ ENG ] An instrument which deter- mines the altitude of an object with respect to alloy junction [ ELECTR ] A junction produced by alloying one or more impurity metals to a semi- a fixed level, such as sea level; there are two common types: the aneroid altimeter and theconductor to form a p or n region, depending on the impurity used. Also known as fused junc- radio altimeter. { altimиədиər} altimeter corrections [ ENG ] Corrections whichtion. { alo ˙ i jəŋkиshən} alloy-junction diode [ ELECTR ] A junction diode must be made to the readings of a pressure al- timeter to obtain true altitudes; involve horizon-made by placing a pill of doped alloying material on a semiconductor material and heating until tal pressure gradient error and air temperature error. { altimиədиərkərekиshənz }the molten alloy melts a portion of the semicon- ductor, resulting in a pn junction when the dis- altimeter setting [ ENG ] The value of atmos- pheric pressure to which the scale of an aneroidsolved semiconductor recrystallizes. Also known as fused-junction diode. { alo ˙ i ¦jəŋkи altimeter is set; after United States practice, the pressure that will indicate airport elevation whenshən dı ¯ o ¯ d} all-translational system [ CONT SYS ] A simple the altimeter is 10 feet (3 meters) above the runway (approximately cockpit height). { alrobotic system in which there is no rotation of the robot or its components during movements timиədиər sedиiŋ } altimeter-setting indicator [ ENG ] A precisionof the robot’s body. { ¦o ˙ l tranzla ¯ иshənиəl sisи təm } aneroid barometer calibrated to indicate directly the local altimeter setting. { altimиədиər ¦sedи all-weather airport [ CIV ENG ] An airport with facilities to permit the landing of qualified air- iŋinиdəka ¯ dиər} altimetry [ ENG ] The measurement of heights incraft and aircrewmen without regard to opera- tional weather limits. { o ˙ l ¦wethиər erpo ˙ rt } the atmosphere (altitude), generally by an altim- eter. { altimиəиtre ¯ } alpha [ ELECTR ] The ratio between the change in collector current and the change in emitter altitude Abbreviated alt. [ ENG ] 1. Height, measured as distance along the extended earth’scurrent of a transistor. { alиfə } alpha cutoff frequency [ ELECTR ] The frequency radius above a given datum, such as average sea level. 2. Angular displacement above theat the high end of a transistor’s range at which current amplification drops 3 decibels below its horizon measured by an altitude curve. { alи tətu ¨ d}low-frequency value. { alиfəkədo ˙ f fre ¯ иkwənи se ¯ } altitude azimuth [ ENG ] An azimuth determined by solution of the navigational triangle with alti- alpha-ray vacuum gage [ ENG ] An ionization gage in which the ionization is produced by alpha tude, declination, and latitude given. { alи tətu ¨ d azиəиməth }particles emitted by a radioactive source, instead of by electrons emitted from a hot filament; used altitude-azimuth mounting [ ENG ] A two-axis telescope mounting in which the azimuth of thechiefly for pressures from 10 Ϫ3 to 10 torrs. Also known as alphatron. { alиfəra ¯ vakиyu ¨ m ga ¯ j } direction in which the telescope is pointed is 19 altitude chamber determined by rotation about a vertical axis and of specified sizes established as a standard in the United States. Also known as Briggs pipethe corresponding altitude is determined by ro- tation about a horizontal axis; computer-con- thread. { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd pı ¯ p thred } American standard screw thread [ DES ENG ] trolled motors must move the telescope in both altitude and azimuth to compensate for the Screw thread whose dimensions conform to those of a particular series of specified sizes es-earth’s rotation. Also known as alt-azimuth mounting. { ¦alиtətu ¨ d azиəиməth mau ˙ ntиiŋ } tablished as a standard in the United States; used for bolts, nuts, and machine screws. altitude chamber [ ENG ] A chamber within which the air pressure, temperature, and so on { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd skru ¨ thred } American system drill See churn drill. { əmerиəиcan be adjusted to simulate conditions at differ- ent altitudes; used for experimentation and test- kən ¦sisиtəm dril } American Table of Distances [ ENG ] Publisheding. { alиtətu ¨ d cha ¯ mиbər} altitude curve [ ENG ] The arc of a vertical circle data concerning the safe storage of explosives and ammunition. { əmerиəиkən ta ¯ иbəl əv disиbetween the horizon and a point on the celestial sphere, measured upward from the horizon. tənsиəz} ammeter [ ENG ] An instrument for measuring{ alиtətu ¨ d kərv } altitude datum [ ENG ] The arbitrary level from the magnitude of electric current flow. Also known as electric current meter. { ame ¯ dиər}which heights are reckoned. { alиtətu ¨ d dadи əm} ammonia absorption refrigerator [ MECH ENG ] An absorption-cycle refrigerator which uses am- altitude difference [ ENG ] The difference be- tween computed and observed altitudes, or be- monia as the circulating refrigerant. { əmo ¯ nи yəəb¦sorpиshənrifrijиəra ¯ dиər}tween precomputed and sextant altitudes. Also known as altitude intercept; intercept. ammonia compressor [ MECH ENG ] A device that decreases the volume of a quantity of gas-{ alиtətu ¨ d difиrəns } altitude intercept See altitude difference. { alи eous ammonia by the amplification of pressure; used in refrigeration systems. { əmo ¯ nиyətətu ¨ d inиtərsept } aluminize [ ENG ] To apply a film of aluminum kəmpresиər} ammonia condenser [ MECH ENG ] A device into a material, such as glass. { əlu ¨ mиənı ¯ z} AM See amplitude modulation. an ammonia refrigerating system that raises the pressure of the ammonia gas in the evaporating A-mast [ ENG ] An A-shaped arrangement of up- right poles for supporting a mechanism designed coil, conditions the ammonia, and delivers it to the condensing system. { əmo ¯ nиyə kəndensиto lift heavy loads. { a ¯ mast } ambient [ ENG ] Surrounding; especially, of or ər} ammonia liquor [ CHEM ENG ] Water solution ofpertaining to the environment about a flying air- craft or other body but undisturbed or unaffected ammonia, ammonium compounds, and impuri- ties, obtained from destructive distillation of bi-by it, as in ambient air or ambient temperature. { amиbe ¯ иənt } tuminous coal. { əmo ¯ nиyəlikиər} ammonia meter [ ENG ] A hydrometer designed American basement [ BUILD ] A basement lo- cated above ground level and containing the specifically to determine the density of aqueous ammonia solutions. { əmo ¯ иnyəme ¯ dиər}building’s main entrance. { əmerиəиkən ba ¯ sи mənt } ammonia synthesis [ CHEM ENG ] Chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen gases at American bond [ CIV ENG ] A bond in which ev- ery fifth, sixth, or seventh course of a wall con- high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to form ammonia. { əmo ¯ nиyəsinиsists of headers and the other courses consist of stretchers. Also known as common bond; thəиsəs} ammonia valve [ ENG ] A valve that is resistantScotch bond. { əmerиəиkən ba ¨ nd } American caisson See box caisson. { əmerиəи to corrosion by ammonia. { əmo ¯ nиyəvalv } ammonoxidation See ammoxidation. { aиkən ka ¯ sa ¨ n} American filter See disk filter. { əmerиəиkən filи məna ¨ kиsəda ¯ иshən} ammoxidation [ CHEM ENG ] A process in whichtər} American melting point [ CHEM ENG ] A temper- mixtures of propylene, ammonia, and oxygen are converted in the presence of a catalyst, with acry-ature 3ЊF (1.7ЊC) higher than the American Soci- ety for Testing and Materials Method D87 paraf- lonitrile as the primary product. Also known as ammonoxidation; oxyamination. { ama ¨ kиsəfin-wax melting point. { əmerиəиkən meltиiŋ po ˙ int } da ¯ иshən} amortize [ IND ENG ] To reduce gradually an obli- American standard beam [ CIV ENG ] A type of I beam made of hot-rolled structural steel. gation, such as a mortgage, by periodically pay- ing a part of the principal as well as the interest.{ əmerиəиkən stanиdərd be ¯ m} American standard channel [ CIV ENG ] AC- {amиərtı ¯ z} amount limit [ IND ENG ] In a test for a fixedshaped structural member made of hot-rolled structural steel. { əmerиəиkən stanиdərd quantity of work, the time required to complete the work or the total amount of work that canchanиəl} American standard pipe thread [ DES ENG ] be completed in an unlimited time. { əmau ˙ nt limиət}Taper, straight, or dryseal pipe thread whose di- mensions conform to those of a particular series amp See amperage; ampere. { amp } 20 analytical centrifugation ampacity [ ELEC ] Current-carrying capacity in telemetry, those systems of modulation in which each component frequency f of the transmittedamperes; used as a rating for power cables. {ampasиədиe ¯ } intelligence produces a pair of sideband frequen- cies at carrier frequency plus f and carrier minus amperage [ ELEC ] The amount of electric cur- rent in amperes. Abbreviated amp. { amи f.{amиplətu ¨ d majиəla ¯ иshən} amylograph [ ENG ] An instrument used toprij } ampere [ ELEC ] The unit of electric current in measure and record the viscosity of starch and flour pastes and the temperature at which theythe rationalized meter-kilogram-second sys- tem of units; defined in terms of the force gelatinize. { əmı ¯ lиəgraf } analemma [ CIV ENG ] Any raised constructionof attraction between two parallel current- carrying conductors. Abbreviated a; A; amp. which serves as a support or rest. { anи əlemиə }{ ampir } ampere-hour meter [ ENG ] A device that meas- analog [ ELECTR ] 1. A physical variable which remains similar to another variable insofar asures the total electric charge that passes a given point during a given period of time. { ampir the proportional relationships are the same over some specified range; for example, a tempera-¦au ˙ иər me ¯ dиər} amperometric transducer [ ENG ] A transducer ture may be represented by a voltage which is its analog. 2. Pertaining to devices, data, cir-in which the concentration of a dissolved sub- stance is determined from the electric current cuits, or systems that operate with variables which are represented by continuously meas-produced between two electrodes immersed in the test solution when one of the electrodes is ured voltages or other quantities. { anиəla ¨ g} analog output [ CONT SYS ] Transducer output inkept at a selected electric potential with respect to the solution. { ampirиə¦meиtrik tranzdu ¯ и which the amplitude is continuously propor- tional to a function of the stimulus. { anиsər} amphibious [ MECH ENG ] Said of vehicles or əla ¨ g au ˙ tpu ˙ t} analog readout [ ENG ] A scale on a balance thatequipment designed to be operated or used on either land or water. { amfibиe ¯ иəs } continuously indicates measurement values by the position of an index mark, either a line or amplification factor [ ELECTR ] In a vacuum tube, the ratio of the incremental change in plate volt- a pointer, opposite a graduated scale which is usually marked with numbers. { anиəla ¨ gage to a given small change in grid voltage, under the conditions that the plate current and all re ¯ dau ˙ t} analog signal [ ELECTR ] A nominally continu-other electrode voltages are held constant. { amиpləиfəka ¯ иshən fakиtər } ous electrical signal that varies in amplitude or frequency in response to changes in sound, light, amplification noise [ ELECTR ] Noise generated in the vacuum tubes, transistors, or integrated heat, position, or pressure. { anиəla ¨ g sigиnəl} analog switch [ ELECTR ] 1. A device that eithercircuits of an amplifier. { amиpləиfəka ¯ иshən no ˙ iz } transmits an analog signal without distortion or completely blocks it. 2. Any solid-state device, amplifier [ ENG ] A device capable of increasing the magnitude or power level of a physical quan- with or without a driver, capable of bilaterally switching voltages or current. { anиəla ¨ gtity, such as an electric current or a hydraulic mechanical force, that is varying with time, with- swich } analog-to-digital converter [ ELECTR ] A deviceout distorting the wave shape of the quantity. { amиpləfı ¯ иər } which translates continuous analog signals into proportional discrete digital signals. { ¦anиəla ¨ g amplifier-type meter [ ENG ] An electric meter whose characteristics have been enhanced by tə ¦dijиətиəlkənvərdиər} analog-to-frequency converter [ ELECTR ] Athe use of preamplification for the signal input eventually used to actuate the meter. { amи converter in which an analog input in some form other than frequency is converted to a propor-pləfı ¯ иər ¦tı ¯ p me ¯ dиər} amplify [ ENG ACOUS ] To strengthen a signal by tional change in frequency. { ¦anиəla ¨ gtə ¦fre ¯ и kwənиse ¯ kənvərdиər}increasing its amplitude or by raising its level. { amиpləfı ¯ } analog voltage [ ELECTR ] A voltage that varies in a continuous fashion in accordance with the amplitude-frequency response See frequency re- sponse. { amиplətu ¨ d fre ¯ иkwənиse ¯ rispa ¨ ns } magnitude of a measured variable. { anиəla ¨ g vo ¯ lиtij } amplitude-modulated indicator [ ENG ] A gen- eral class of radar indicators, in which the sweep analytical aerotriangulation [ ENG ] Analytical phototriangulation, performed with aerialof the electron beam is deflected vertically or horizontally from a base line to indicate the exis- photographs. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦erиo ¯ trı ¯ aŋиgyə la ¯ иshən}tence of an echo from a target. Also known as deflection-modulated indicator; intensity-mod- analytical balance [ ENG ] A balance with a sen- sitivity of 0.1–0.01 milligram. { anиəlidиəиkəlulated indicator. { amиplətu ¨ d ¦ma ¨ jиəla ¯ dиəd ¦inиdəka ¯ dиər} balиəns } analytical centrifugation [ ENG ] Centrifugation amplitude modulation [ ELECTR ] Abbreviated AM. 1. Modulation in which the aplitude of a following precipitation to separate solids from solid-liquid suspensions; faster than filtration.wave is the characteristic varied in accordance with the intelligence to be transmitted. 2. In { anиəlidиəиkəl sentrifиəga ¯ иshən} 21 analytical nadir-point triangulation analytical nadir-point triangulation [ ENG ] Rad- in place. [ ENG ] A device, such as a metal rod, wire,or strap, for fixing one object to another,ial triangulation performed by computational routines in which nadir points are utilized as such as specially formed metal connectors used to fasten together timbers, masonry, or trusses.radial centers. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦nədir ¦po ˙ int trı ¯ aŋиgyəla ¯ иshən} [ MECH ENG ] 1. In steam plowing, a vehicle lo- cated on the side of the field opposite that of analytical orientation [ ENG ] The computational steps required to determine tilt, direction of prin- the engine and maintaining the tension on the endless wire by means of a pulley. 2. A devicecipal line, flight height, angular elements, and linear elements in preparing aerial photographs for a piping system that maintains the correct position and direction of the pipes and controlsfor rectification. { anиəlidиəиkəl o ˙ rиe ¯ иənta ¯ и shən } pipe movement occurring as a result of thermal expansion. { aŋиkər} analytical photogrammetry [ ENG ] A method of photogrammetry in which solutions are obtained anchorage [ CIV ENG ] 1. An area where a vessel anchors or may anchor because of either suitabil-by mathematical methods. { anиəlidиəиkəl fo ¯ dиəgramиəиtre ¯ } ity or designation. Also known as anchor sta- tion. 2. A device which anchors tendons to the analytical photography [ ENG ] Photography, ei- ther motion picture or still, accomplished to de- posttensioned concrete member. 3. In preten- sioning, a device used to anchor tendons tempo-termine (by qualitative, quantitative, or any other means) whether a particular phenomenon rarily during the hardening of the concrete. 4. See deadman. { aŋиkəиrij }does or does not occur. { anиəlidиəиkəlfəta ¨ gи rəиfe ¯ } anchorage deformation [ CIV ENG ] The shorten- ing of tendons due to their modification or slip- analytical phototriangulation [ ENG ] A phototri- angulation procedure in which the spatial solu- page when the prestressing force is transferred to the anchorage device. Also known as an-tion is obtained by computational routines. { anиəlidиəиkəl fo ¯ dиo ¯ trı ¯ aŋиgyəla ¯ иshən } chorage slip. { aŋиkəиrij de ¯ fo ˙ rma ¯ иshən} anchorage slip See anchorage deformation. { aŋи analytical radar prediction [ ENG ] Prediction based on proven formulas, power tables, or kəиrij slip } anchorage zone [ CIV ENG ] 1. In posttensioning,graphs; considers surface height, structural and terrain information, and criteria for radar reflecti- the region adjacent to the anchorage for the tendon which is subjected to secondary stressesvity together with the aspect angle and range to the target. { anиəlidиəиkəl ra ¯ da ¨ rprədikи as a result of the distribution of the prestressing force. 2. In pretensioning, the region in whichshən} analytical radial triangulation [ ENG ] Radial tri- transfer bond stresses are developed. { aŋиkəи rij zo ¯ n}angulation performed by computational rou- tines. { anиəlidиəиkəl ra ¯ dиe ¯ иəl triaŋиgyəla ¯ и anchor and collar [ DES ENG ] A door or gate hinge whose socket is attached to an anchorshən} analytical three-point resection radial triangula- embedded in the masonry. { aŋиkər ən ka ¨ lиər} anchor block [ BUILD ] A block of wood, replac- tion [ ENG ] A method of computing the coor- dinates of the ground principal points of over- ing a brick in a wall to provide a nailing or fasten- ing surface. [ CIV ENG ] See deadman. { aŋиlapping aerial photographs by resecting on three horizontal control points appearing in the over- kər bla ¨ k} anchor bolt [ CIV ENG ] A bolt used with its headlap area. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦thre ¯ ¦po ˙ int re ¯ sekи shən ra ¯ dиe ¯ иəl triaŋиgyəla ¯ иshən } embedded in masonry or concrete and its threaded part protruding to hold a structure or analytical ultracentrifuge [ ENG ] An ultracentri- fuge that uses one of three optical systems machinery in place. Also known as anchor rod. { aŋиkər bo ¯ lt }(schlieren, Rayleigh, or absorption) for the accu- rate determination of sedimentation velocity anchor buoy [ ENG ] One of a series of buoys marking the limits of an anchorage. { aŋиkəror equilibrium. { anиəlidиəиkəl ¦əlиtrə¦senиtrə fyu ¨ j} bo ˙ i} anchor charge [ ENG ] A procedure that allows analytic mechanics [ MECH ] The application of differential and integral calculus to classical several charges to be preloaded in a seismic shot hole; the bottom charges are fired first, and the(nonquantum) mechanics. { anиəlidиik mi kanиiks } upper charges are held down by anchors. { aŋи kər cha ¨ rj } analyzer [ ENG ] A multifunction test meter, measuring volts, ohms, and amperes. Also anchored bulkhead [ CIV ENG ] A bulkhead se- cured to anchor piles. { aŋиkərd bəlkhed }known as set analyzer. [ MECH ENG ] The com- ponent of an absorption refrigeration system anchor log [ CIV ENG ] A log, beam, or concrete block buried in the earth and used to hold a guywhere the mixture of water vapor and ammonia vapor leaving the generator meets the relatively rope firmly. Also known as deadman; ground anchor. { aŋиkər la ¨ g}cool solution of ammonia in water entering the generator and loses some of its vapor content. anchor nut [ DES ENG ] A nut in the form of a tapped insert forced under steady pressure into{ anиəlı ¯ zиər} anchor [ CIV ENG ] A device connecting a struc- a hole in sheet metal. { aŋиkər nət} anchor pile [ CIV ENG ] A pile that is located onture to a heavy masonry or concrete object to a metal plate or to the ground to hold the structure the land side of a bulkhead or pier and anchors it 22 [...]... the longer side is 2 (2N Ϫ 1) /4 meters, while the length of the shorter side is 2 (2N ϩ 1) /4 meters, with both lengths rounded off to the nearest millimeter 2 Of a sheet of paper, the dimensions 8.5 inches by 11 inches ( 21 6 millimeters by 27 9 millimeters) { a sız } ¯ ¯ as-made drawing See as-fitted drawing { ¦az ¦mad ¯ droиiŋ } ˙ aspect [CIV ENG] Of railway signals, what the engineer sees when viewing... water by means of a rotating broadthreaded screw or spirally bent tube within an ¨ inclined hollow cylinder { ¦arиkə¦med ez skru } ¨ ¯ ¯ arching [CIV ENG] 1 The transfer of stress from a yielding part of a soil mass to adjoining lessyielding or restrained parts of the mass 2 A system of arches 3 The arched part of a structure { archиiŋ } ¨ architectural acoustics [CIV ENG] The science of planning and... characteristics of the AND gate and the OR gate { ¦and ¦or sərиkət } ˙ AND-OR-INVERT gate [ELECTR] A logic circuit with four inputs, a1, a2, b1, and b2, whose output is 0 only if either a1 and a2 or b1 and b2 are 1 Abbreviated A-O-I gate { ¦and ¦or in vərt gat } ˙ ¯ Andrade’s creep law [MECH] A law which states that creep exhibits a transient state in which strain is proportional to the cube root of time and... either of two wheels in gear, from the coincidence of the pitch points of a pair of teeth until the last point of contact of the teeth { aŋиgəl əv re ses } ¯ angle of repose [ENG] See angle of rest [MECH] The angle between the horizontal and the plane of contact between two bodies when the upper body is just about to slide over the lower Also known as angle of friction { aŋи gəl əv ri poz } ¯ angle of. .. impact of a projectile and the plane tangent to the surface of the ground or target at the point of impact { aŋиgəl əv im pakt } angle of nip [MECH ENG] The largest angle that will just grip a lump between the jaws, rolls, or mantle and ring of a crusher Also known as angle of bite; nip { aŋиgəl əv nip } angle of obliquity See angle of pressure { aŋиgəl əv o blikиwədиe } ¯ ¯ angle of orientation [MECH] Of. .. ENG] One of a set of projecting molded members subdividing the undersurface of an arch { arch rib } ¨ arch ring [CIV ENG] A curved member that provides the main support of an arched structure { arch riŋ } ¨ arch truss [CIV ENG] A truss having the form of an arch or arches { arch trəs } ¨ arc of action See arc of contact { ¦ark əv akиshən } ¨ arc of approach [DES ENG] In toothed gearing, the part of the... unit of the length per radian or degree of a specified wave { aŋиgyəиlər leŋkth } angular milling [MECH ENG] Milling surfaces that are flat and at an angle to the axis of the spindle of the milling machine { aŋиgyəиlər milиiŋ } angular momentum [MECH] 1 The cross product of a vector from a specified reference point to a particle, with the particle’s linear momentum Also known as moment of momentum 2 For... ENG] 1 An L-shaped cleat or brace 2 A length of steel having a cross section resembling the letter L { aŋиgəl ıиərn } ¯ angle joint [ENG] A joint between two pieces of lumber which results in a change in direction { aŋиgəl joint } ˙ angle lacing [CIV ENG] A system of lacing in which angle irons are used in place of bars { aŋиgəl lasиiŋ } ¯ angle method of adjustment [ENG] A method of adjustment of observations... of action [MECH ENG] The angle of revolution of either of two wheels in gear during which any particular tooth remains in contact { aŋиgəl əv akиshən } angle of advance See angular advance { aŋиgəl əv əd vans } angle of approach [CIV ENG] The maximum angle of an incline onto which a vehicle can move from a horizontal plane without interference [MECH ENG] The angle that is turned through by either of. .. removal of ashes { ash pan } ash pit [BUILD] The ash-collecting area beneath a fireplace hearth { ash pit } ash pit door [ENG] A cast-iron door providing access to an ash pit for ash removal { ash pit dor } ˙ A size [ENG] 1 One of a series of sizes to which trimmed paper and board are manufactured; for size AN, with N equal to any integer from 0 to 10 , the length of the longer side is 2 (2N Ϫ 1) /4 meters, . a 1 , a 2 , b 1 , and b 2 , whose output aneroid capsule [ ENG ] A thin, disk-shaped box or capsule, usually metallic, partially evacuatedis 0 only if either a 1 and a 2 or b 1 and b 2 are 1. Abbreviated. verиe ¯ иəиbəl} 10 , the length of the longer side is 2 Ϫ(2N Ϫ 1) /4 artificial voice [ ENG ACOUS ] 1. Small loud- meters, while the length of the shorter side is speaker mounted in a shaped baffle which is 2 Ϫ(2N. at uct of a vector from a specified reference point to which the viscosity of a glass is 10 13 .0 poises. a particle, with the particle’s linear momentum. Also known as annealing temperature; 13 .0