To get to Americas, these people had to cross over the 55-mile-wide Bering Strait that separates Asia and North America.. 5 There is general agreement that the first people who came to
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Name:
PASSAGE 1:
When Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492, there were already an estimated 30 to 40 million people living in North and South America It has therefore been quite easy for some to refute the idea that Columbus “discovered” America How and when these inhabitants came to America has been the source of much scientific research and discussion
Most archeologists agree that the first Americans, the true “discoverers” of America, came from northeastern
Asia There is also a considerable amount of proof that inhabitants have been in the Americas for at least 15,000 years.
To get to Americas, these people had to cross over the 55-mile-wide Bering Strait that separates Asia and North
America According to one theory, these people crossed over during periods when a land bridge existed between the two
continents During the Ice Age, so much of the Earth’s water was frozen that the sea levels dropped, and it was possible to
walk from Asia to North America
1) What is the author’s main purpose?
A To explain how Columbus discovered America B To show how people came to America before Columbus
C To demonstrate the importance to archeologists of northeastern Asia
D To explain how to cross the Bering Strait
2) In 1492, how many people were probably in the Americas?
A Fewer than 30 million B Exactly 30 million C 40 million or fewer D At least 40 million
3) The word “refute” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
4) It is implied in the passage that
A Columbus was really the first person in America B scientists are sure about America’s first inhabitants
C Columbus arrived at almost the same time as America’s first inhabitants
D all is not known about America’s first inhabitants
5) There is general agreement that the first people who came to North America came from
6) The word “considerable” in line 5 could best be replaced by which of the following?
7) The word “separates” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
8) Which of the following NOT stated about the Bering Strait?
A It is 55 miles wide B It separates North America and Asia
C It was probably a land bridge during the Ice Ages D It is a land bridge today
9) The word “frozen” in line 8 could best be replaced by
PASSAGE 2:
Palaeontologists (scientists who study pre-historic life) learn about dinosaurs by studying fossils of their bones These fossils are the remains of dead animals that have turned into rock
People probably found fossils of dinosaur bones thousands of years ago but did not know what the bones were In the early 1800s, people realised that the fossil bones belonged to pre-historic animals The first dinosaurs that palaeontologists studied were named Megalosaurus and Iguanodon The bones looked like those of reptiles, such as lizards The flat teeth of Iguanodon showed that it was a plant eater The pointy teeth of Megalosaurus showed that it was a meat eater The early fossils came from England British scientists Sir Richard Owen in 1842 named these animal dinosaurs The word comes from two Greek words meaning “terrible” and “lizard” Scientists now know that dinosaurs were not lizards Palaeontologists have found fossils of hundreds of different kinds of dinosaurs that lived all over the world Some dinosaurs were small like birds Other dinosaurs were much bigger than an elephant
1) How do palaeontologists learn about dinosaurs?
A They study the remains of dinosaurs in the form of rock C They study the bones of lizards
B They study the birds and reptiles of pre-historic time D They study reptiles when they are dead
2) What made scientists think that Igunaodon was a plant eater?
A The fact that it had pointy teeth B The fact that its fossils came from England
C The fact that its name meant “terrible.” D The fact that it had flat teeth
3) The name “dinosaurs” may have been created because
A scientists knew that dinosaurs were not lizards B the bones of the animals looked like those of lizards
C Sir Richard Owen was good at Greek D the dinosaur was first discovered in Greece
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4) Which of the following statements is true?
A In the early 1800s fossils of dinosaurs bones were found
B Megalosaurus and Iguanodon were named after some palaeontologists
C It was not until the early 1800s that the fossils bones were discovered to belong to pre-historic animals
D A meat-eating dinosaur had flat teeth
5) Dinosaurs are animals
A which were terribly small like birds B which lived in many parts of the world thousands of years ago
C which were like lizards much bigger than elephants D which were meat eaters living hundreds of years ago
PASSAGE 3:
Ecologists have recently discovered dozens of infectious wildlife diseases that pose a significant threat to the conservation of global biodiversity and the health of an expanding human population For example, a newly discovered fungal disease has been linked to the drastic decline and possible extinction of amphibians in the rain forests of Central America and Australia Other diseases have led to the extinction of African wild dog populations and blindness of kangaroos in Australia Since wildlife can act as a natural reservoir for diseases that are extremely virulent among humans, such as influenza and West Nile virus, as the human population expands into wildlife habitat, the conditions ripen for a new disease to emerge Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife are caused by the spillover of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations, the transport of domestic and wildlife species around the globe, and even climate change in pristine wilderness areas
1) Among the reasons of the emergence of infectious diseases, one not mentioned in the passage is _
A the distribution of animals all over the world
B passing of micro-organisms from the tamed animals to the wild ones
C simplicity of the curing methods of contagious illnesses
D changing of the climates in the habitats of the wild animals
2) The extinction of amphibians in the rain forests of Central America and Australia could have been caused by
A some infectious diseases that are still unknown B the expansion of mankind to new fertile regions
C a fungal disease which has been detected lately D the fact that ancient people were ignorant of health-care
3) As a result of the expansion of human populations into wildlife habitats,
A the possibility of the occurrence of new diseases increases
B people get more and more stalwart against such infectious diseases as influenza
C they are affected by the different climate conditions positively
D people find more food resources to live on
PASSAGE 4:
Many people are unaware of how pesticides affect our food supplies Health risks are the inevitable result Pesticides can run off into nearby streams, where they are carried from their original dispersal site This is how pesticides end up in drinking water, fish and game And because of wind, rain, and evaporation, residues routinely show up in animals in the remotest parts of the world For example, if grain fields on rough lands are sprayed with pesticides, residue can show up in poultry, eggs, milk, and butter The end result is that every food we eat carries pesticides as the inevitable consequence of spraying crops with these poisons And human exposure doesn’t even end there residue are transferred from mother to child through the placenta and mother’s milk
1) The main idea of this paragraph is that
A pesticides pose great danger to human life
B pesticides poison our drinking water by entering our groundwater and streams
C pesticides residues spread through – out our food chain
D pesticides residues are found throughout the world
2) According to the paragraph, children ingest pesticides by way of
A eating poultry and eggs B various foods and liquids
C contaminated drinking water D their mother’s milk
3) Pesticides residues wind up in poultry, eggs, and butter because
A crops grown for animal feed are sprayed with pesticides
B cows and chickens drink large quantities of contaminated water
C farmers are careless about cleaning their fields after harvest
D pesticides become harmless after killing insect pests
4) A lesson that can be learned from the use of pesticides by washing our fruits and vegetables.
A canned or frozen foods are much safer than fresh produce
B most of us can avoid the effects of pesticides by washing our fruits and vegetables
C before world war II, farmers were able to grow crops without pesticides
D our government should ban pesticides used in our food
5) Which of the following sentences is an opinion?
A Pesticides end up in drinking water, fish and game
B The government exaggerates the dangers of pesticides in our food supplies
C Residues are transferred from mother to child through the placenta
D The food we eat contains pesticides from crop sprays
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