Giáo trình ACNA - Chap11 docx

1 MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS Chapter 11 Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 2 OVERVIEW • Understand the relationship between hardware devices and drivers • Install a device driver • Use Device Manager to view and manage hardware devices and their device drivers • Troubleshoot device driver problems Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 3 UNDERSTANDING DEVICE DRIVERS What is a device driver? • Software routines that implement device-specific functions for generic input/output operations. • Communication interface between the operating system and the hardware device. • Defines and processes device commands. Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 4 DEVICE DRIVER FUNCTIONS • A device driver exposes device-specific routines to device-independent functions in the operating system. • A device driver allows you to manipulate the physical properties of hardware devices. • A device driver can provide functionality through two separate driver components • A high-level driver  Interact with application and operating system • A low-level driver  Direct hardware interface Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 5 DEVICES AND DRIVERS • Some drivers (standard keyboard, mouse) are generic, so a single driver can be used with hundreds of compatible devices. • Other drivers are very specific and work only with a specific model of device. • Generic drivers require less frequent updating and therefore present fewer challenges to the administrator. • Device driver may not be available or unsupported. Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 6 DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE RESOURCES • I/O address (port) • Data mailslot • DMA • Transfer without processor support • 8 channels • Memory address • Additional BIOS routines Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 7 DEVICE DRIVERS AND HARDWARE RESOURCES • Device manager • View  IRQs  Hidden devices  NIC • Action  Update driver  Disable  Uninstall  Scan for changes Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 8 CONFIGURING HARDWARE RESOURCES Issues with manual configuration: • Limited device resource settings • Resource depletion • Device conflicts Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 9 PLUG AND PLAY (PnP) • Introduced in 1995 (aka Plug and Pray) • Detects new hardware • Installs the appropriate device driver • Determines what hardware resources the device requires • Scans the system for available hardware resources • Selects appropriate resource settings for the device • Configures both the device and the device driver that will use the selected resources Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 10 Non-PnP COMPLIANT OR STANDARD DEVICE Manual device driver installation and configuration: • The system fails to detect the new device • The system detects the device but cannot identify • The system cannot identify the specific model • The system installs but cannot configure the device • The system installs the wrong device driver [...]... Device Manager with a red X on their icons in Device Manager • A disabled device cannot be accessed by the operating system • A disabled device can be assigned different hardware resources when it is re-enabled Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 20 UNINSTALLING DEVICE DRIVERS • If the device was installed by Plug and Play, the device driver is removed and the hardware is deleted from Device Manager... MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 30 SUMMARY (continued) • The drivers included with Windows Server 2003 are all digitally signed, to ensure that they have not been tampered with • Device Manager is an MMC snap-in that lists all hardware devices in the computer and indicates problems with identification or driver configuration Chapter 11: MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 31 SUMMARY (continued) • Device Manager allows . MANAGING DEVICE DRIVERS 4 DEVICE DRIVER FUNCTIONS • A device driver exposes device-specific routines to device-independent functions in the operating system. • A device driver allows you to. functionality through two separate driver components • A high-level driver  Interact with application and operating system • A low-level driver  Direct hardware interface Chapter 11: MANAGING. 3 UNDERSTANDING DEVICE DRIVERS What is a device driver? • Software routines that implement device-specific functions for generic input/output operations. • Communication interface between the