Giáo trình ACNA - Chap12 pdf

CHAPTER OVERVIEW• Understand disk-storage concepts and terminology • Distinguish between basic and dynamic storage • Identify the types of storage volumes supported on Windows Server 2

MANAGING DISK STORAGE

Chapter 12

CHAPTER OVERVIEW

• Understand disk-storage concepts and

terminology

• Distinguish between basic and dynamic storage

• Identify the types of storage volumes supported

on Windows Server 2003 managed disks

• Identify the best RAID implementation given a

particular storage requirement in terms of

capacity utilization, fault tolerance, and

performance

• Add storage to a Windows Server 2003

computer

• Manage disks using Check Disk, Disk

Defragmenter, and disk quotas

DISK STORAGE

• Disk - The physical device

• Partition - An area of the disk that functions

as a physically separate unit of storage

• Volume - An area of a partition used for

storing data

USING BASIC STORAGE

• Supported by all versions of Windows and MS-DOS

• The default storage type for Windows

Server 2003

• Each disk is divided into partitions, which can be either primary or extended

USING DYNAMIC STORAGE

• Supported by Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003

• One disk, one partition

• Volumes are created within the partition

• Supports spanning, striping, and RAID

implementations

BASIC VS DYNAMIC DISKS

• By default, all disks are basic.

• Basic disks can be easily converted to

dynamic disks

• Converting a disk from dynamic to basic

causes all data to be lost

USING DISK MANAGEMENT

ADDING STORAGE

• Physically install the disk(s).

• Initialize the disk.

• On a basic disk, create partitions On a

dynamic disk, create volumes

• Format the volumes.

• Assign drive letters to the volumes.

INSTALLING A DISK

• Physically install the disk.

• Windows Server 2003 should recognize the new device automatically

• If it does not, select Rescan Disks from the Action menu in Disk Management

INITIALIZING THE DISK

• All disks must be initialized before they can

be used

• Initialization causes the MBR (basic disk) or GPT (dynamic disk) to be written

• The Initialize And Convert Disk Wizard

should launch automatically after a new

disk is installed

CREATING BASIC DISK PARTITIONS

CONVERTING A BASIC DISK TO A

DYNAMIC DISK

• Make a backup before converting.

• Partitions and logical drives are converted

to simple volumes

• Existing Windows NT volume sets and stripe sets are converted to spanned volumes and striped volumes, respectively

CREATING DYNAMIC DISK VOLUMES

CREATING SIMPLE VOLUMES

• A simple volume can be created from free

space

on a single disk

• A simple volume can be extended using free space on the same disk, as long as it is not the system/

boot volume

• To create a simple volume using the New

Volume Wizard, in the Disk Management

console, right-click unallocated space on a disk and select New Volume

CREATING OTHER VOLUME TYPES

• Spanned Uses space from multiple disks

appearing as single volume

• Striped (RAID-0) Uses space from multiple disks appearing as single volume; data is

written across all drives in the striped set at the same rate

• Mirrored (RAID-1) An identical copy of a

volume is created on another physical disk, for fault tolerance

• RAID-5 Striped set with parity allows the

system to continue running in the event of a single disk failure

WORKING WITH MIRRORED VOLUMES

• Data is written to both drives

• Drive’s status in the Disk Management

console shows as resynching while data is copied

RECOVERING FROM MIRRORED DISK

FAILURES

WORKING WITH RAID

• Non-fault-tolerant RAID implementations

• RAID-0: Disk striping without parity

• Fault-tolerant RAID implementations

• RAID-1: Disk mirroring

• RAID-5: Disk striping with parity

CHOOSING A RAID TECHNOLOGY

M ir o r e d V o lu m e s ( R A I D - 1 ) S t ip e d V o l u m e s w i t h P a r i t y ( R A I D - 5 )

Can protect system

Requires two hard disks Requires a minimum of three

hard disks and allows a maximum of 32 hard disks Has a higher cost per MB Has a lower cost per MB

redundancy Has good read and write

Uses less system memoryRequires more system memory

ASSIGNING DRIVE LETTERS

FORMATTING VOLUMES

EXTENDING DYNAMIC VOLUMES

MANAGING DISK STORAGE

• Using Check Disk

• Using Disk Defragmenter

• Implementing disk quotas

USING CHECK DISK

USING DISK DEFRAGMENTER

IMPLEMENTING DISK QUOTAS

CONFIGURING QUOTA DEFAULTS

• Set warning levels to alert users when they approach their quota limit

• Set restrictions to prevent users from

exceeding their quota limit

• Logging related to quota events can be

enabled

CREATING QUOTA ENTRIES

EXPORTING QUOTA ENTRIES

• Allows quota settings to be applied to

MONITORING QUOTAS AND STORAGE

• Quota limits and percentage used can be viewed through the Quota Entries dialog

box

• The Quota Entries dialog box can be

accessed by viewing a volume’s properties

in Windows Explorer or Disk Management

• Windows Server 2003 supports two types of storage, basic and dynamic, and three file systems, FAT, FAT32, and NTFS

• Basic disks and the FAT file system provide back-ward compatibility with older Windows operating systems but are limited in their

capabilities

• Dynamic disks provide flexible and powerful options in configurations with more than

one disk

SUMMARY (continued)

• Basic disks can be converted to dynamic disks with no data loss, but all data and

volumes must be deleted to convert a

dynamic disk to a basic disk

• Dynamic disks support simple, spanned,

striped, mirrored, and RAID-5 volumes, to provide storage according to capacity,

performance, and fault tolerance

requirements

SUMMARY (continued)

• Fault tolerance is provided by mirrored

(RAID-1) volumes and striped-with-parity volumes (RAID-5)

• Simple volumes, spanned volumes, striped volumes (RAID-0), and all basic disk logical drives are not fault tolerant

• You use the Disk Management snap-in to create and manage basic and dynamic

disks

SUMMARY (continued)

• Disk volumes can become corrupted or

fragmented and often fill to capacity You

can manage existing volumes using tools

such as Check Disk, Disk Defragmenter, and Quota Manager

• You can use disk quotas to set and monitor storage limits and deny write access to

users who exceed those limits