PREPOSITION COMBINATION 2 pptx

PREPOSITIONS 1. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME A. In • century ( in the twenty-first century) • decade ( in the 1970s; in the nineties) • year (in 2007) • season ( in the summer) • month ( in July) • parts of the day ( in the morning; in the afternoon; in the evening) • the past/ future • amounts of time ( in/within an hour) B. On • date (on September 11) • day (on Monday; on Sunday morning) C. At • time of day (at 9:20) • night/ midnight/ noon /dawn/dusk/sunrise/sunset/the moment/the same time/present/ first/last D. During  During is used with periods of time • It snows a lot in Montreal during the winter • His company grew rapidly during the 1980s  During is NOT used with dates or days of the week. E. Until  Until is used with points of time to indicate that an action continues up to that point • Helen practiced the piano until noon • They won’t arrive until tomorrow F. From …. To/until and between … and  These phrases are used with starting points and ending points • From 1990 to/until 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division. • Between 1990 and 1993, Mr. Nolan was in charge of the sales division. 1 G. Since/ For  Since and for are generally used with a perfect tense • We've been waiting here since two o'clock. • The factory has been here since the 1970s. • We had been talking for a good half hour. 2. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE A. In • the world • continent (in Asia) • country ( in China) • state/province (in California; in Ontario) • in city ( in Munich) • building (in the Empire State Building) • room (in the living room) B. On • earth (the origin of life on Earth) • street ( on Wall Street) • coast ( on the East Coast) • floor ( on the second floor) C. At • address (at 634 Sutter Street) • building (at the museum) • home/school/college/work D. From … to and between … and • They're building a new road between Manchester and Sheffield. • They're building a new road from Manchester to Sheffield. 2 3. OTHER COMMON PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS A. In • clothes ( in a gray suit) • language ( written in Vietnamese) • book ( in the Complete Guide to TOEIC) • newspaper ( in the International Herald-Tribune) • magazine ( in Times) • department ( in the sales department) • field ( in computer science) • one’s opinion (in her opinion) • a car / a taxi (I've left my bag in the car.) • trouble (I think I'm in trouble with Dad.) • danger of (The bridge was in danger of collapsing.) • part (The failure of the project was due in part to his lack of leadership. • front of (He walked along in front of me, holding the lantern.) • the middle of (Jo was standing in the middle of the room.) • the back of (Two men were sitting in the back of the car.) • the rear (a passenger traveling in the rear of a car) • line (The kids were standing in line waiting for their teacher.) • the process of (The company is in the process of moving to new offices.) B. On • a vehicle ( on a bus; on a train; on a plane) • foot (It takes about 30 minutes on foot, or 10 minutes by car.) • a trip (We were all going on a trip.) • business (She's in New York this week on business) • holiday (I'm away on holiday until the 1st of June.) • sale (These gloves were on sale for only $9.) • the market (Handguns are freely available on the open market) • schedule (The majority of holiday flights depart and arrive on schedule.) • time (Jack was worried about whether he'd be able to get there on time.) • (the) television/radio (Later that evening we watched it all on television again.) • the phone (Bridget's on the phone all day long.) • a farm (Joe had worked on the farm all his life.) • the other hand (I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I want to save money.) 3 • purpose (Fire investigators believe the fire was set on purpose.) C. BY  By is used before a point of time to indicate the latest time. By, in this case, means “no later than”. • I will be home by noon.  By can mean “next to” • She is standing by her friend.  By is used after passive verbs to identify the agent of the action. • This report was written by Peter.  By is used with means of transportation and communication • by car/plane/e-mail Note: in a/my car; on a plane  Other • By chance/ hand/ far/check/credit card/ means of D. With  With is used to express the idea of accompaniment or ownership • I went to the restaurant with Andrea. • The man with the briefcase is the vice-president.  With is also used to indicate the tool or instrument used to complete something • He opened the door with his key. • He paid for the bill with a credit car E. Without  Without means “ not having, experiencing or showing something”; “not in the company of someone” or “not doing the action mentioned” • They had gone two days without food. • He found the place without difficulty. • She spoke without much enthusiasm. • Don't go without me. • I don't know what I'd do without you. • The rest of the group set off without him. • Don't go out without your coat. • He left without saying goodbye. 4 • You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs. • Suddenly and without any warning, the army opened fire. • He had gone out without his parents' permission. F. Within  Within can mean “during a particular period of time” • We should have the test results back within 24 hours. • He fell sick and died within a matter of weeks. • Within an hour of our arrival, Caroline was starting to complain. • Within the space of a year, three of the town's factories have closed down.  Within can mean “less than a certain distance from a particular place” • The invading troops came within 50 miles of Paris. • We live within easy reach of (=close to) the shops. • Adjust the driver's seat so that all the controls are within reach (=close enough to touch)  Within can also mean “ inside the range or limits of something” • We have to operate within a very tight budget. • Private security firms have to work strictly within the law. • You can go anywhere you want within reason (=within reasonable limits) • He finds it hard to live within his income. G. Beyond  Beyond can mean “more or greater than a particular amount, level, or limit” • More people are choosing to work beyond retirement age. • Inflation has risen beyond the 5% level. • Such tasks are far beyond the scope of the average school kid. • Expensive luxuries that are beyond the reach of ordinary people  Beyond can be used to say that “something is impossible to do” • Scott's equipment was damaged beyond repair. • The town centre had changed beyond all recognition. • Due to circumstances beyond our control the performance has had to be cancelled. • Why Joan ever married such an idiot in the first place is beyond me. 5 6 . PREPOSITIONS 1. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME A. In • century ( in the twenty-first century) • decade ( in the 1970s; in the nineties) • year (in 20 07) • season ( in the summer) •. and Sheffield. • They're building a new road from Manchester to Sheffield. 2 3. OTHER COMMON PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS A. In • clothes ( in a gray suit) • language ( written in Vietnamese). o'clock. • The factory has been here since the 1970s. • We had been talking for a good half hour. 2. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE A. In • the world • continent (in Asia) • country ( in China) • state/province