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[...]... Setting Up a Hadoop Cluster 259 Cluster Specification Network Topology Cluster Setup and Installation Installing Java Creating a Hadoop User Installing Hadoop Testing the Installation SSH Configuration Hadoop Configuration Configuration Management Environment Settings Important Hadoop Daemon Properties Hadoop Daemon Addresses and Ports Other Hadoop Properties... is now Hadoop Distributed Filesystem and MapReduce implemented by Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella • December 2005—Nutch ported to the new framework Hadoop runs reliably on 20 nodes • January 2006—Doug Cutting joins Yahoo! • February 2006—Apache Hadoop project officially started to support the standalone development of MapReduce and HDFS A Brief History of Hadoop | 11 • February 2006—Adoption of Hadoop. .. Transactionality Exports and SequenceFiles 477 479 482 482 483 485 485 485 486 487 489 491 493 494 494 16 Case Studies 497 Hadoop Usage at Last.fm xii | Table of Contents 497 Last.fm: The Social Music Revolution Hadoop at Last.fm Generating Charts with Hadoop The Track Statistics Program Summary Hadoop and Hive at Facebook Introduction Hadoop at Facebook Hypothetical... is how RAID works, for instance, although Hadoop s filesystem, the Hadoop Distributed Filesystem (HDFS), takes a slightly different approach, as you shall see later The second problem is that most analysis tasks need to be able to combine the data in some way; data read from one disk may need to be combined with the data from any of the other 99 disks Various distributed systems allow data to be combined... Other Hadoop Properties User Account Creation Security Kerberos and Hadoop Delegation Tokens Other Security Enhancements Benchmarking a Hadoop Cluster Hadoop Benchmarks User Jobs Hadoop in the Cloud Hadoop on Amazon EC2 259 261 263 264 264 264 265 265 266 267 269 273 278 279 280 281 282 284 285 286 287 289 289 290 10 Administering Hadoop 293 HDFS Persistent... and the 100 terabyte sort in 173 minutes (on 3,400 nodes) —Owen O’Malley Apache Hadoop and the Hadoop Ecosystem Although Hadoop is best known for MapReduce and its distributed filesystem (HDFS, renamed from NDFS), the term is also used for a family of related projects that fall under the umbrella of infrastructure for distributed computing and large-scale data processing Most of the core projects covered... the role of Hadoop committer and soon thereafter became a member of the Hadoop Project Management Committee Tom is now a respected senior member of the Hadoop developer community Though he’s an expert in many technical corners of the project, his specialty is making Hadoop easier to use and understand xv Given this, I was very pleased when I learned that Tom intended to write a book about Hadoop Who... would understand.* In many ways, this is how I feel about Hadoop Its inner workings are complex, resting as they do on a mixture of distributed systems theory, practical engineering, and common sense And to the uninitiated, Hadoop can appear alien But it doesn’t need to be like this Stripped to its core, the tools that Hadoop provides for building distributed systems—for data storage, data analysis, and... this book is organized as follows Chapter 1 emphasizes the need for Hadoop and sketches the history of the project Chapter 2 provides an introduction to MapReduce Chapter 3 looks at Hadoop filesystems, and in particular HDFS, in depth Chapter 4 covers the fundamentals of I/O in Hadoop: data integrity, compression, serialization, and file- based data structures The next four chapters cover MapReduce in... Server from which it gets its name As the Hadoop ecosystem grows, more projects are appearing, not necessarily hosted at Apache, which provide complementary services to Hadoop, or build on the core to add higher-level abstractions The Hadoop projects that are covered in this book are described briefly here: Common A set of components and interfaces for distributed filesystems and general I/O (serialization,