Các thì Tiếng ANH

TENSES: ( thì ) 1. The simple present tense: Thì hiện tại đơn a. Form: Tobe: (+) S + is / am / are+ …. (-) S + ( is / am / are ) + not + (?) (Wh) + is / am / are + S …? Ordinary verbs: (+) I / they / we / you + V 1 She / he / it + V e/es (-) I / they / we / you + don’t + V 1 She / he / it + doesn’t + V 1 (?) Do / does + S + V 1 ? b. Note: Thêm “ s” vào sau V(bare inf). Ngoại trừ: - V(ch,sh,s,x,z) thêm “es”: watches,misses…. - V(phụ âm + O) thêm “es”: goes, does… - V(phụ âm+ y) đổi thành “ies”: studies, carries.(enjoys) c. Usages: Thì hiện tại đơn diển tả: - Một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên, các quy luật vật lý, các phong tục tập quán, các hiện tượng tự nhiên EX: He is a doctor The earth goes round the sun - Một thói quen hoặc một sự việc thường xuyên xảy ra ở hiện tại,thường trong câu có “often,usually,always,sometimes,generally,regularly,comm only,seldom,rarely…” hoặc “every + N (everyday), once / twice three times…. A day / a week ….” EX: He always goes to class on time - Hành động xảy ra trong tương lai theo thời khoá biểu Ex: Tre train leaves at 4 p.m 2. The present continuous: thì hiện tại tiếp diển a. Form: (+) S + is/ am/are + Ving (-) S + (is/am/are) + not + Ving (?) (Wh) + is/am/are + S +Ving * cách thành lập V_ing: Thên “ing” vào động từ V_inf như go ( going). Ngoại trừ những trường hợp sau: - V(e) bỏ “e” rồi thêm “ing”: write ( writing ) - V một vần tận cùng là một phụ âm ( trừ h, x, y, w, z ) trước là một nguyên âm gấp đôi rồi theem “ing”: stop ( stopping ) Nhưng: fix( fixing),greet (greeting)… b. Usage: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: - Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn tại thời điểm nói hay xung quanh thời điểm nói, trong câu thường có “now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, this + N(this year)” Ex: What are you doing now? - Sau mệnh lệnh cách: Ex: keep silent! She is sleeping - Diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạch trước, trong câu thường có “tomorrow, tonight,next + N, …” Ex: What are you doing tonight? Note: Những động từ sau không dùng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn mà dùng thì hiện tại đơn thay thế mặc dù nó diễn tả hành động đang xãy ra. Đó là những động từ chỉ trạng thái: be, see, hear, feel, know,like,hate,need,love, Prefer,taste,remember,forget,believe,seen,suppose … 3. The present perfect tense: hiện tại hoàn thành a. Form: (+) S + has / have + V3 / Ved +… (-) S + hasn’t / haven’t + V3 / Ved + … (?) (Wh-) + has / have + S + V3 / Ved +? I, they, we, you (have ) she, he, it ( has) * V3(động từ bất quy tắc): go ( gone ), see ( seen) * Ved( động từ hợp quy tắc): thêm “ed” vào Vinf như: work ( worked). Ngoại trừ những trường hợp sau: - V(e) chỉ thêm “d”: live (lived) - V( phụ âm+ y) đổi “y” thành “I” và thêm “ed”:study ( studied ),…nhưng: play (played ) - V một vần tận cùng là phụ âm ( trừ h,x,y,w ) trước là 1 nguyên âm gấp đôi rồi thêm “ed”: stop (stopped), … nhưng: mix ( mixed ), heat (heated) b.Usage: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diển tả: - Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng thời gian không được đề cập đến hoặc liên quan đến hậu quả của hành động Ex: They have visited LonDon He has lost his key - Hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ mà còn kéo dài đến hiện tại ( hoặc tác động đến hiện tại ) và có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai, thường trong câu có “since + mốc thời gian, for + khoảng thời gian, sau so sánh nhất” Ex: They have lived for 10 years It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen - Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không rỏ thời gian, thường trong câu có: + “just, already,never,ever” đứng trước V3 /Ved Ex: I have never come here + “ yet, not…yet, lately, recently,before” đứng cuối câu. Ex: We have read this book before + “so far = until now = up to now = up to the present = so on: cho đến bây giờ. Đứng đầu hay cuối câu. Ex: We have studied almost every lesson in this book so far - Hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ và có thể lặp lại ở hiện tại, trong câu thường có: “this / it is the fisrt / second / ….two / three times, several times, many times…” 4. The present perfect continuous tense: a. Form: (+) S +have / has + been + V-ing (-) S + have / has + not + been + V-ing (?) (Wh-) + have / has + S + been + V-ing? b. Usage: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diển diển tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và bây giờ vẫn còn xảy ra và nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động. * Note: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức tri giác: be, see, hear, feel, know,like,hate,need,love, Prefer,taste,remember,forget,believe,seen,suppose… Thay vào đó ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành. Ex: I have been studying French for 6 years 5. The simple past tense: quá khứ đơn a. Form:  To Be: (+) S + was / were + … (-) S + was / were + not … (?) (Wh-) + was / were + S + ….?  Ordinary verbs: (+) S + V2 / Ved (-) S + didn’t + V1 (?) (Wh-) + did + S + V1 ? b. Usage: Thì quá khứ đơn diển tả: - Hành động đả xảy ra trong quá khứ có xác đình thời gian, thường trong câu có “ yesterday, last + N, ago, in + past time( in 2000 ), from + year + to + year (from 1995 to 2000) Ex: Yesterday, I went home late - Một thói quen trong quá khứ Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming I always came here when I was still a student - Một chuỗi hành động nối tiếp nhau xảy ra trong quá khứ Ex: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened the door, I saw my cousin, I said hello to him and asked him to come in 6. The past continuous tense: quá khứ tiếp diển a. Form: (+) S + was / were + Ving (-) S + was / were + not + Ving (?) (Wh-) + was / were + S + Ving ? b. Usage: Thì quá khứ tiếp diển diển tả: - Diển tả hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài hoặc đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ Ex: I was doing my homework at 8p.m last night - Diển tả hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ, có 1 hành động khác xen vào ( hành động xen vào dùng thì quá khứ đơn) Ex: When he came, we were watching TV Ex: While I was reading a book, my father was watching TV. ( thường trong câu sử dụng từ nối When, While ) 7. The past perfect tense: quá khứ hoàn a. Form: (+) S + had + V3 / Ved (-) S + had + not + V3 / Ved (?) (wh-) + had + S + V3 / Ved ? b. Usage: thì quá khứ hoàn thành diển tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ hoặc trước một hành động khác trong qua khứ Ex: He had worked in that factory before 1995 When I got up this morning, my father had already left * Notes: past perfect + before + simple past simple past + after + past perfect Ex: He phoned me after he had finished his work He had finished his work before he phoned me 8. The past perfect continuous tense: a. Form: (+) S + had + been + Ving (-) S + had + not + been + Ving (?) (wh-) + had + S + been + Ving? b. Usage: Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diển diển tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra ( hành động thứ hai dùng simple past). Thường thường khoảng thời gian kéo dài được nêu rõ trong câu. Ex: He had been playing cards for 3 hour before I came 9. The simple future tense: tương lai đơn a. Form: (+) S + shall / will + V1 (-) S + shan’t / won’t + V1 (?) (wh-) + shall / will + S + V1? * I, they, we,you,she,he,it ( will ) * I, we ( shall ) b. Usage: Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diển tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai, không có dự định trước hoặc hành động quyết định ngay lúc nói, trong câu thường có “ tommorrow, next + N, later, in+ future time….” Ex: She will go there tommorrow * Note: - will, shall còn dùng sau các động từ như: hope, believe, think, wish,be sure, be afraid…. Ex: I hope I will pass the examination - will còn được dùng để diển tả lời mời, lời yêu cầu, lời hứa. Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me? - shall dược dùng trong câu đề nghị - Diển tả hai hành động đang xảy ra cùng một lúc Ex: shall we go to the zoo?( không dùng will ) 10. The near future tense: tương lai gần a. Form:(+) S + is / am / are + going to + V(bare inf) (-) S + is / am / are + not + going to + V(bare inf) (?)(wh-)+ is / am / are + S+ going to + V(bare inf)? b. Usage: Dùng để diển tả hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc một hành động tương lai có dự định trước Ex: Look at these black clouds! It is going to rain Where are you going to spend your holiday? 11. The future continuous tense: tương lai tiếp diển a. Form: (+) S + will + be + Ving b. Usage: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn diển tả - Diển tả một hành động sẽ diển ra và kéo dài suốt một thời kì ở tương lai Ex: what will you be doing when I come tommorrow? - Diển tả một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm ở tương lai Ex: he will be doing research at this time tommorow. 12. The future perfect tense: tương lai hoàn thành a. Form: S + will + have + V3 / Ved b. Usage: Thì tương lai hoàn thành: - Diển tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai. Thì này thường dùng trong câu có các cụm từ chỉ thời gian như “ by +mốc thời gian, by the time, by then” Ex: I’ll have finished my work by noon. They will have built that house by july next week SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ CHỦ NGỮ I. General Rules : _ Subject (singular) > Verb (singular) Eg: Mary gets up early. _ Subject (plural) > Verb (plural) Eg: Mary and Daisy always get up early II. Special Cases : 1. Subject 1 + and + Subject 2 > Verb (plural) (Nếu S1 và S2 là 2 người hay 2 vật khác nhau) Eg: _ The secretary and the treasurer were present. _ Oil and water do not mix. Subject 1 + and + Subject 2 > Verb (singular) (Nếu S1 và S2 là cùng 1 người hay 1 vật) Eg : _ The singer and doctor is coming (Người ca sĩ kiêm bác sĩ đang đến)_ Bacon and egg is my favorite dish. 2. Each / either each/ either Many a + Noun (singular) + and + many a + Noun (singular) + Verb (singular) Every every Eg: Each boy and each girl has a seat. Many a teacher and many a student has attended the lecture. Nobody / Somebody / Everybody / Everything + Verb (singular) 3. Subject 1 + of + Subject 2 + Verb > Verb theo Subject 1 Ngoài "of" còn có like, with, along with, together with, in addition to, as well as, no less than, besides, accompanied with…. Eg: The study of languages requires time. The president, together with his advisors, is coming. They, no less than Tom, were eager to start. The manager, as well as his assistant, has arrived. The number of students is 40. 4. Either/ Neither/ Not only + Subject 1 + or/ nor/ but also + Subject 2 + Verb > Verb theo Subject 2 Eg : Either you or I am wrong. Neither he nor his friends are able to come. 5. Plural Noun of -Time (thời gian) -Measure (đo lường) -Money (Tiền bạc) > Verb (singular) -Distance (khoảng cách) Eg : Twenty dollars is too much to pay for this book. 6. All referring to things > Verb (singular) All referring to people > Verb (plural) Eg : All is calm. (Mọi vật đều im lặng). All are Vietnamese. 7. None / The majority of/ Fractions + of + Noun + Verb > Verb tùy thuộc vào Noun sau giới từ. Eg : Half of the money is stolen. Half of the students are English. None of the money is mine. The majority of students speak English. 8. Nouns plural in form (luôn có 's') but singular in meaning > Verb (singular) News, mumps, sickets, measles, mathematics, physics, phonetics, linguistics, politics, athletics Eg: The news is goods. Mathematics is an important subject. 9. Nouns always in singular > Verb (singular) Furniture, equipment, machinery, traffic, information, knowledge, money, advice, progress, luggage, homework, housework, merchandise Eg: There is much traffic during rush hours. 10. A title of a book, story > Verb (singular) The name of a country, town, place > Verb (singular) Eg: "Gulliver's Travels" is an amusing book. The United States, The Phillipines 11. Nouns always in plural > Verb (plural) Cattle, people, police, scissors, pliers, tongs, trousers, pants, shorts, jeans, glasses, goods, compasses, Eg: Cattle are grazing. 12. Adjectives used as nouns > Verb (plural) The blind (người mù), the rich (người giàu), the poor, Eg : The English are used to driving on the left. (Người Anh quen lái xe bên trái) 13. Collective Noun > Verb (singular) nếu chỉ 1 đơn vị Collective Noun > Verb (plural) nếu chỉ từng cá nhân. Collective noun : Family, commitee, team, crowd, public, congress, parliarment, class, arm,…. Eg : His family is rich. (chỉ 1 đơn vị); His family are having dinner. (chỉ từng cá nhân) 14. Relative Pronoun > Verb (singular) or (plural) tùy thuộc vào danh từ nó thay thế. Eg: It is I who am to go. 14. A number of/ A lot of + Noun(plural ) + V(plural) Eg: A number of students are playing. 1.1 Nouns agree with V Here / there + be (S) + S Great quantities of + N Lot of = a lot of None + of the No, half, any Almost of the, almost all, Most, all, some, majority + (Of the) + N + V (N) All but→ tất cả, ngoại trừ… Of many things, → trong số Fractions / percentages The rest Not only + S1 + but (also) + S2 Either/ Neither + N1 + or/nor + N2 + V (N2) S1 + as well as + S2 → (cũng như) S1 + along with + S2 → đi theo S1 + accompanied by + S2 → tháp tùng bởi S1 + together with + S2 S1 + in addition to + S2 All of S1 but S2 → tất cả, ngoại trừ + V(S1) Ex. Of all the law suits, 95 percents of them are Singular V Plural V Singular count noun, non-count noun Anything, nothing, something, every, A pair of, each, everyone, someone, anyone, no one Neither of, either What, whatever, whoever Plural count noun Both + S1 + and + S2 = both of the + N= both + N A few, several, various, many, some, numerous… One, a, an, one of the + N Quantities of time/ money/ value/ distance Two, three… The number of + plural N → số lượng A great / large / big/ increasing amount of + UN A number of + plural N → nhiều A great / large / big / increasing number of The adj = adj + people = N Vietnamese → language Vietnamese → people Ex.A Flock of birds, sheep A Herd of cattle A Pack of dogs A School of fish A Pride of lions Eye glasses Jeans - quần jean Pants - quần dài Shorts - quần sooc Trousers - quần tây Pliers - kềm ;Tweezers – nhíp ;Scissors; Kéo-Tongs-kẹp 500 dollars a year a large supply of pens Olympic series Most of the + N = most + N Most of them = almost all Both of the + N = both + N A few of us girls = a few girls → vài đưá trong số bọn con gái chúng tôi. The young, the woulded, the deaf, the blind, the dead, the living Olympic games Singular nouns Mumps - bệnh quai bị . Meases – sởi. Arthritis – viêm khớp. Appendicitis – viêm ruột thừa. Rickets – còi xương. Herpes - Economics. Mathematics. Statistics. Physics. Politics. Civis – công dân. Ethics – đạo đức. Genetics. News Learning, shopping working 15. NONE/NO: none + of the + non-count noun + singular verb Ex: None of the counterfeit money has been found. none + of the + plural count noun + plural verb Ex: None of the students have finished the exam yet. No + singular noun / non-count noun + singular verb Ex: No example is relevant to this case. No + plural noun + plural verb Ex: No examples are relevant to this case. 16. Groups of certain animals: flock of birds, sheep, herd of cattle +V (singular) pride of lions pack of dogs 17. FRACTIONAL EXPRESSIONS: With words that indicate portions: percent, fraction, part, majority,some,all, none, remainder, . . . Look at the NOUN in your of phrase. If the NOUN is SINGULAR, use a SINGULAR VERB. If the NOUN is PLURAL, use a PLURAL VERB. Eg: -Some of the voters are still angry. -A large percentage of the older population is voting against her. -Two-fifths of the vineyard was destroyed by fire. -Two-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle. 1.My parents _____ to buy a car for my brother. (WANT/WANTS) 2. The biggest house on my street _____ five bedrooms. (HAVE/HAS) 3. English ______ an interesting language to learn. (IS/ARE) 4. These telephones ______new receivers. (NEED/NEEDS) 5. January and March _____ 31 days. (HAVE/HAS) 6. January ________ 31 days. (HAVE/HAS) 7. The teacher _____ French and English. (KNOW/KNOWS) 8. Of all the countries in that area of the world, perhaps Nigeria ____ the most potential. (HAVE/HAS) 9. Despite the bad weather we have had in the past days, there______ no doubt that the tournament will go on. (IS/ARE) 10. Neither the students nor the teacher _____about what happens on this trip. (CARE/CARES) 11. The large companies in our area ______ cheap source of labor. (NEED/NEEDS) 12. Swimming in heated pools ____ very common in this part of the country in the winter. (IS/ARE) 13. Common knowledge to anyone who studies science, the earth _____ on its own axis once twenty-four hours. (REVOLVE/REVOLVES) 14. Of all the grammar points I have studied in my seven years of English, the most recent unit _____ me the most for variety of reasons. (CONFUSE/CONFUSES) 15. Some of this book _____ not entertaining. (IS/ARE) 16. Never _____ the weather been so bad in the month of Junes and July. (HAS/HAVE) 17. Without the new taxes, houses built before World War II ______ lower costs than more modern houses do. (HAVE/HAS) 18. According to the police, the killer of the boys in both cities _____ probably between the ages of 40 and 50. (IS/ARE) 19. Either the physicians in this hospital or the chief administrator ____ going to have to make a decision. (IS/ARE) 20. _____ my boss or my sisters in the union going to win this grievance? (IS/ARE) 21. Some of the votes __________ to have been miscounted. (SEEM/SEEMS) 22. The tornadoes that tear through this city every spring _____ more than just a nuisance. (ARE/IS) 23. Everyone selected to serve on this jury _____ to be willing to give up a lot of time. (HAVE/HAS) 24. Kara Wolters, together with her teammates, _________ a formidable opponent on the basketball court. (PRESENTS/PRESENT) 25. He seems to forget that there __________ things to be done before he can graduate. (ARE/IS) 26. There _______ to be some people left in that town after yesterday's flood. (HAVE/HAS) 27. Some of the grain __________ to be contaminated. (APPEAR/APPEARS) 28. A high percentage of the population _________ voting for the new school. (IS/ARE) 29. Carlos is the only one of those students who __________ lived up to the potential described in the yearbook. (HAS/HAVE) 30. The International Club, as well as the Choral Society and the Rowing Club, __________ to submit a new constitution. (NEED/NEEDS) 31. One of my best friends _____________ getting an MBA this year. (IS/ARE) 32. Not only the students but also their instructor ________ been called to the principal's office. (HAVE/HAS) 33. Most of the milk _____ gone bad. Six gallons of milk ______still in the refrigerator. (HAS—ARE/ HAVE—IS) 34. Each and every student and instructor in this building __________ for a new facility by next year. (HOPE/HOPES) 35. Rice and beans, my favorite dish, __________ me of my native Puerto Rico. (REMIND/REMINDS) 36. A large number of voters still ___________ along straight-party lines. (VOTES/VOTE) 37. Four years _______ a long time to spend away from your friends and family. (ARE/IS) 38. Politics __________ sometimes a dirty business. (ARE/IS) 39. To an outsider, the economics of this country ________ to be in disarray. (SEEM/SEEMS) 40. Of all her books, none ______ sold as well as the first one. (HAVE/HAS) 1. Annie and her brothers (is, are) at school. 2. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting. 3. The dog or the cats (is, are) outside. 4. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor. 5. George and Tamara (doesn't, don't) want to see that movie. 6. Benito (doesn't, don't) know the answer. 7. One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to France. 8. The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street. 9. The movie, including all the previews, (take, takes) about two hours to watch. 10. The players, as well as the captain, (want, wants) to win. 11. Either answer (is, are) acceptable. 12. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction. 13. Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I've seen. 14. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six? 15. Mathematics (is, are) John's favorite subject, while Civics (is, are) Andrea's favorite subject. 16. Eight dollars (is, are) the price of a movie these days. 17. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer? 18. Your pants (is, are) at the cleaner's. 19. There (was, were) fifteen candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left! 20. The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully. 21. The committee (leads, lead) very different lives in private. 22. The Prime Minister, together with his wife, (greets, greet) the press cordially. 23. All of the CDs, even the scratched one, (is, are) in this case. 24. The man with his son (walk, walks) down my street. 25. One of the students (are, is) late. ____ 1. a. Everyone accept Allison went to the movies. b. I dislike all fruit except bananas. ____ 2. a. Criminals never care about what is write and wrong. b. Our English teacher is right; we do need to learn these words. ____ 3. a. I don’t know what to do. b. Shelly didn’t no if she could eat sushi. ____ 4. a. I was disappointed in the rides at the fair. b. The total fair was two dollars and fifty cents. ____ 5. a. Diane was only digging a whole. b. He wants to finish the whole pizza himself. ____ 6. a. The dog was scratching it’s ears. b. It’s only twenty degrees outside! ____ 7. a. He was really feeling the effects of the medicine. b. The special affects were incredible. ____ 8. a. Who’s afraid of a grizzly bear? b. Whose going to the football game? ____ 9. a. I herd a heard of buffalo. b. I heard a herd of buffalo. ____10. a. Bring fourth the evidence, please. b. He was the fourth person in line. ____ 11. a. Lisa never past the driver’s license test. b. That became a problem when she passed a police car. ____ 12. a. Someone just hit are car! b. Our friends will be friends for life. ____ 13. a. They’re on their way to the party. b. Their are three children in there family. ____ 14. a. They want you to chose their brand of tennis shoes. b. However, I chose a different pair. ____ 15. a. Did you loose something? b. Are you going to lose the game? ____ 16. a. Your never going to get away with it! b. I’m sure you’re the right person for the job. advice/advise a) He gave me some good _______ about investing. b) We will ________ you of any changes later. Economic/economical a) The new model of car is very ___________. b) The latest ________ forecast for Malaysia is very positive. Sensible/sensitive a) Be careful when you comment about his fashion sense. He’s very __________. b) It is ________ to keep note of your passport number. See below for answers. 1- a) advice 1- b) advise 2- a) economical 2- b) economic 3- a) sensible 3- b)sensitive SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ CHỦ NGỮ 1.Quy tắc chung - Subject (số ít) > Verb (số ít) Ví dụ: Mary gets up early. - Subject (số nhiều) > Verb (số nhiều) Ví dụ: Mary and Daisy always get up early 2.Trường hợp cụ thể: * Subject 1 + and + Subject 2 > Verb (số nhiều) (Nếu S1 và S2 là 2 người hay 2vật khác nhau) Ví dụ: The secretary and the treasurer were present. Oil and water do not mix. * Subject 1 + and + Subject 2 > Verb (số ít) (Nếu S1 và S2 là cùng 1 người hay1 vật) Ví dụ: The singer and doctor is coming (Người ca sĩ kiêm bác sĩ đang đến) Bacon and egg is my favorite dish. * Many a + Noun (số ít) + and + many a + Noun (số ít) + Verb (số ít) Many a teacher and many a student has attended the lecture. * Nobody / Somebody / Everybody / Everything + Verb (số ít) Nobody came the party. Everything is ready. * Subject 1 + of + Subject 2 + Verb > Verb theo Subject 1 Ngoài "of" còn có like, with, along with, together with, in addition to, as well as,no less than, besides. Ví dụ: The study of languages requires time. The president, together with his advisors, is coming. They, no less than Tom, were eager to start. The manager, as well as his assistant, has arrived. The number of students is 40. * Either/ Neither/ Not only + Subject 1 + or/ nor/ but also + Subject 2 + Verb > Verb theo Subject 2 Ví dụ: Either you or I am wrong. Neither he nor his friends are able to come. * Plural Noun of Time (thời gian), Measure (đo lường), Money (Tiền bạc),Distance (khoảng cách) > Verb (số ít) Twenty dollars is too much to pay for this book. * All referring to things > Verb (số ít) All referring to people > Verb (số nhiều) All is calm. (Mọi vật đều im lặng) All are Vietnamese. * None / The majority/ Half + of + Noun + Verb > Verb tùy thuộc vào Noun sau giới từ. Half of the money is stolen. Half of the students are English. None of the money is mine. None of the students have finished the exam yet. The majority of students speak English. * Nouns số nhiều về hình thức (luôn có 's') but số ít về ý nghĩa > Verb (số ít) News, mumps, sickets, measles, mathematics, physics, phonetics, linguistics, politics, athletics The news is goods. Mathematics is an important subject. * Danh từ không đếm được luôn luôn là số ít > Verb (số ít) Furniture, equipment, machinery, traffic, information, knowledge, money, advice, progress, luggage, homework, housework, merchandise There is much traffic during rush hours. * A title of a book, story > Verb (số ít) The name of a country, town, place > Verb (số ít) "Gulliver's Travels" is an amusing * Danh từ luôn ở số nhiều > Verb (số nhiều) Cattle, people, police, scissors, pliers, tongs, trousers, pants, shorts, jeans, glasses, goods, compasses Cattle are grazing. The pants are in the drawer. These scissors are dull. * Adjectives used as nouns > Verb (số nhiều) The blind (người mù), the rich (người giàu) The English are used to driving on the left (Người Anh quen lái xe bên trái). * Collective Noun > Verb (số ít) nếu chỉ 1 đơn vị Collective Noun > Verb (số nhiều) nếu chỉ từng cá nhân. Collective noun : Family, commitee, team, crowd, public, congress, parliarment, class, army. His family is rich. (chỉ 1 đơn vị) His family are having dinner. (chỉ từng cá nhân) * Relative Pronoun > Verb (số ít) or (số nhiều) tùy thuộc vào danh từ nó thay thế. It is I who am to go. * Câu hỏi với who và what dùng với động từ số ít: Who wants tea? -We all do, please. What has happened? -Several things have happened. CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC Bài tập 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng dạng: 1. Do you know how to play boccie? The game (do) not require any special athletic abilities. 2. There is a new boccie league at the recreational center. There (be) several teams in the league. 3. I have a new set of boccie balls. My friend (have) a new pallino ball. 4. Boccie is a game for people of all ages. I (be) going to show you how to play. 5. The players take turns rolling a ball down the court. Each of the players (take) one ball and aims for the pallino. 6. We try to get our balls as close to the pallino as possible. Rick often (try) to bounce his ball off the side of the court. 7. Nobody enjoys playing boccie more than I do. Everybody who plays boccie (enjoy) the game. 8. There are four players on each team. There (be) a tournament at the end of the season. 9. The winners of the tournament carry home a trophy. Everyone (carry) home good memories. 10. I am ready to play a game now. You and your friends (be) welcome to join us. Bài tập 2: Lựa chọn dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. John, along with twenty friends, (is/are) planning a party. 2. The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories. 3. The quality of this recordings (is/are) not very good. 4. The effects of cigarette smoking (have/has) been proven to be extremely harmful. 5. The use of credit cards in place of cash (have/has) increased rapidly in recent years. 6. Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the play tonight. 7. Anything (is/are) better than going to another movie tonight. 8. A number of reporters (was/were) at the conference yesterday. 9. Your glasses (was/were) on the bureau last night. 10. The committee (has/have) already reached a decision. 11. Each student (has/have) answered the first three questions. 12. The crowd at the basketball game (was/were) wild with excitement. . “ies”: studies, carries.(enjoys) c. Usages: Thì hiện tại đơn diển tả: - Một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên, các quy luật vật lý, các phong tục tập quán, các hiện tượng tự nhiên EX: He is a doctor. V-ing? b. Usage: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diển diển tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và bây giờ vẫn còn xảy ra và nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của hành động. * Note: Không dùng thì này với các động. have + V3 / Ved b. Usage: Thì tương lai hoàn thành: - Diển tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai. Thì này thường dùng trong câu có các cụm từ chỉ thời gian