Luyện thi IELTS (p88) pps

Page 1 of 2 STUDY NOTES EPISODE 19: WEATHER REPORT PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES Adjectives are an important part of good writing because they provide specific, qualifying detail. There are various kinds of adjectives that perform this function but the focus here is on the use of participles as adjectives. They will provide variety, and make your writing more interesting. Participles used as Adjectives: -ing and –ed forms Adjectives provide specific, qualifying detail. There are various kinds of adjectives that perform this function but these notes focus on the use of participles as adjectives. There are two forms of participles:  present participle (-ing)  past participle (-ed) FORMS Infinitive Present Participle Simple Past Past Participle fascinate fascinating fascinated fascinated interest interesting interested interested entertain entertaining entertained entertained MEANING The present participle (-ing) has an active meaning, indicating an active state. For example: The interesting and entertaining performance attracted huge crowds. The past participle (-ed) carries a passive meaning. For example: The audience was thoroughly entertained and fascinated by the performance. Sometimes it is difficult to decide whether the present or past participle should be used, particularly with pairs of participial adjectives that express emotion or describe feelings and reactions. Was the audience entertained or entertaining? STUDY TIPS Remember the present participle has an active meaning, referring to a person or thing that causes a feeling, while the past participle has a passive meaning, referring to a person who experiences a feeling. Set time aside to learn the differences between and uses of these two p artici p les. Page 2 of 2 The -ing form is used to describe a person or thing that makes us have a feeling or reaction; it refers to the person or thing that causes an emotion. The audience was entertaining because they participated in the performance and contributed to the enjoyment. Meaning: the audience causes the feeling of being entertained. The –ed form is used to describe a person’s feeling or reaction; it refers to the person who feels the emotion. The audience was thoroughly entertained and fascinated by the performance. Meaning: the audience experiences the feeling of being entertained and fascinated Pairs of Participial Adjectives describing Emotions, Feelings or Reactions -ing form -ed form amazing amazed annoying annoyed appalling appalled astonishing astonished boring bored charming charmed confusing confused disappointing disappointed disturbing disturbed embarrassing embarrassed entertaining entertained exciting excited fascinating fascinated frightening frightened horrifying horrified impressing impressed insulting insulted interesting interested overwhelming overwhelmed pleasing pleased reassuring reassured relaxing relaxed surprising surprised satisfying satisfied terrifying terrified tiring tired touching touched worrying worried . Page 2 of 2 The -ing form is used to describe a person or thing that makes us have a feeling or reaction; it refers to the person or thing that causes an emotion. The audience was entertaining. Adjectives provide specific, qualifying detail. There are various kinds of adjectives that perform this function but these notes focus on the use of participles as adjectives. There are two forms. STUDY TIPS Remember the present participle has an active meaning, referring to a person or thing that causes a feeling, while the past participle has a passive meaning, referring to a