660 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 5 5 555 5 Questions 10–16 are based on the following passage. The following is an excerpt from an essay enti- tled Political Ideals, written in 1917 by Bertrand Russell. It is not one ideal for all men, but a separate ideal for each separate man, that has to be real- ized if possible. Every man has it in his being to develop into something good or bad: there is a best possible for him, and a worst possible. His circumstances will determine whether his capacities for good are developed or crushed, and whether his bad impulses are strengthened or gradually diverted into better channels. But although we cannot set up in any detail an ideal of character which is to be univer- sally applicable—although we cannot say, for instance, that all men ought to be industrious, or self-sacrificing, or fond of music—there are some broad principles which can be used to guide our estimates as to what is possible or desirable. We may distinguish two sorts of goods, and two corresponding sorts of impulses. There are goods in regard to which individual possession is possible, and there are goods in which all can share alike. The food and cloth- ing of one man is not the food and clothing of another; if the supply is insufficient, what one man has is obtained at the expense of some other man. This applies to material goods gen- erally, and therefore to the greater part of the present economic life of the world. On the other hand, mental and spiritual goods do not belong to one man to the exclusion of an- other. If one man knows a science, that does not prevent others from knowing it; on the GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 9. Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the paragraph? (A) People will eat only what they are geneti- cally determined to eat. (B) All animal behavior is instinctive. (C) Cows and other animals should not be fed by humans. (D) Habits in animals are impossible to break. (E) Inherited tendencies manifest them- selves in behavioral habits. contrary, it helps them to acquire the knowl- edge. If one man is a great artist or poet, that does not prevent others from painting pic- tures or writing poems, but helps to create the atmosphere in which such things are possible. If one man is full of good-will toward others, that does not mean that there is less goodwill to be shared among the rest; the more good- will one man has, the more he is likely to create among others. In such matters there is no possession, because there is not a definite amount to be shared; any increase anywhere tends to produce an increase everywhere. There are two kinds of impulses, corre- sponding to the two kinds of goods. There are possessive impulses, which aim at acquiring or retaining private goods that cannot be shared; these center in the impulse of property. And there are creative or constructive impulses, which aim at bringing into the world or mak- ing available for use the kind of goods in which there is no privacy and no possession. The best life is the one in which the cre- ative impulses play the largest part and the possessive impulses the smallest. This is no new discovery. The Gospel says: “Take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or What shall we drink? Or Wherewithal shall we be clothed?” The thought we give to these things is taken away from matters of more impor- tance. And what is worse, the habit of mind engendered by thinking of these things is a bad one; it leads to competition, envy, domi- nation, cruelty, and almost all the moral evils that infest the world. In particular, it leads to the predatory use of force. Material posses- sions can be taken by force and enjoyed by the robber. Spiritual possessions cannot be taken in this way. You may kill an artist or a thinker, but you cannot acquire his art or his thought. You may put a man to death because he loves his fellow-men, but you will not by so doing acquire the love which made his happi- ness. Force is impotent in such matters; it is only as regards material goods that it is effec- tive. For this reason the men who believe in force are the men whose thoughts and desires are preoccupied with material goods. Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 661 5 5 555 5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 10. Which of the following best summarizes the main point of the passage? (A) People should strive harder to appreciate the arts. (B) Nothing can be possessed exclusively by one person. (C) Societies need strong laws against stealing. (D) Creativity is of higher value than possessiveness. (E) Scarce resources should be shared equally in a society. 11. The passage mentions “food and clothing” (lines 22–23) primarily as examples of things that (A) everyone needs to survive (B) create a positive atmosphere of sharing (C) many underdeveloped countries lack (D) cannot be shared as freely as other things (E) are hard to find 12. As it is used in line 43, “such matters” can be inferred to refer to situations in which (A) people must compete for ownership of goods (B) artists struggle to sell their works (C) people strive to be industrious (D) philosophers endeavor to define human ideals (E) possessing a good does not deny it to someone else 13. In line 51, the phrase “impulse of” most nearly means (A) reaction against (B) restriction of (C) sharing of (D) fear of (E) desire for 14. According to the author, “force is impotent in such matters” (line 77) because (A) violence cannot influence another per- son’s thoughts (B) moral people do not engage in violence (C) spiritual things cannot be acquired coercively (D) a good person will always be protected by friends (E) reason is more powerful than physical force 15. In the last paragraph, the author indicates that his thesis is not (A) ancient (B) a matter of logic (C) relevant to those who are already happy (D) original (E) universal 16. Which of the following examples, if it existed, would most directly refute the main point of the author? (A) a person who finds a large sum of money and gives it to charity (B) an invention that benefits all of hu- mankind even though it was created only to make money for its inventor (C) a tyrant who murders intellectuals in order to maintain his authority (D) a thief who steals in order to feed his starving family (E) an army that invades another country and plunders its wealth 662 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 5 5 555 5 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Questions 17–24 are based on the following passage. The following passage was written for The Atlantic Monthly in 1902 by Native American writer Zitkala-Sa, also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. The racial lines, which once were bitterly real, now serve nothing more than marking out a living mosaic of human beings. And even here men of the same color are like the ivory keys of one instrument where each represents all the rest, yet varies from them in pitch and quality of voice. Thus with a compassion for all echoes in human guise, I greet the solemn- faced “native preacher” whom I find awaiting me. I listen with respect for God’s creature, though he mouth most strangely the jangling phrases of a bigoted creed. As our tribe is one large family, where every person is related to all the others, he ad- dressed me: “Cousin, I came from the morning church service to talk with you.” “Yes,” I said interrogatively, as he paused for some word from me. Shifting uneasily about in the straight- backed chair he sat upon, he began: “Every holy day (Sunday) I look about our little God’s house, and not seeing you there, I am disap- pointed. This is why I come today. Cousin, as I watch you from afar, I see no unbecoming behavior and hear only good reports of you, which all the more burns me with the wish that you were a church member. Cousin, I was taught long years ago by kind missionar- ies to read the holy book. These godly men taught me also the folly of our old beliefs. “There is one God who gives reward or pun- ishment to the race of dead men. In the upper region the Christian dead are gathered in un- ceasing song and prayer. In the deep pit below, the sinful ones dance in torturing flames. “Think upon these things, my cousin, and choose now to avoid the after-doom of hell fire!” Then followed a long silence in which he clasped tighter and unclasped again his inter- locked fingers. Like instantaneous lightning flashes came pictures of my own mother’s making, for she, too, is now a follower of the new superstition. “Knocking out the chinking of our log cabin, some evil hand thrust in a burning taper of braided dry grass, but failed of his in- tent, for the fire died out and the half burned brand fell inward to the floor. Directly above it, on a shelf, lay the holy book. This is what we found after our return from a several days’ visit. Surely some great power is hid in the sa- cred book!” Brushing away from my eyes many like pic- tures, I offered midday meal to the converted Indian sitting wordless and with downcast face. No sooner had he risen from the table with “Cousin, I have relished it,” than the church bell rang. Thither he hurried forth with his afternoon sermon. I watched him as he hastened along, his eyes bent fast upon the dusty road till he disappeared at the end of a quarter of a mile. The little incident recalled to mind the copy of a missionary paper brought to my notice a few days ago, in which a “Christian” pugilist 1 commented upon a recent article of mine, grossly perverting the spirit of my pen. Still I would not forget that the pale-faced mission- ary and the aborigine are both God’s creatures, though small indeed their own conceptions of Infinite Love. A wee child toddling in a wonder world, I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the voice of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers. If this is Paganism, then at present, at least, I am a Pagan. 17. The main purpose of the passage as a whole is to (A) describe one person’s perspective on an attempt at religious conversion (B) compare Native American religious tradi- tion to European religious tradition (C) analyze the rise of Christianity in Native American tribes (D) refute a misconception about the nature of Paganism (E) describe a conflict between the author and her mother 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 1 One who fights for a cause; also, a prize fighter Line 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 663 5 5 555 5 18. The reference to “pitch and quality of voice” (lines 6–7) serves to emphasize (A) the variety in vocal quality of religious singers (B) the harshness with which many preachers rebuke their congregations (C) the sounds that the author hears in nature (D) the author’s inability to understand what the native preacher is saying (E) the differences among members of the same race 19. In the first paragraph, the author character- izes the preacher primarily as (A) respectful (B) articulate (C) uneducated (D) intolerant (E) compassionate 20. According to the passage, the preacher addressed the author as “cousin” because (A) it is customary for preachers to refer to church members with that term (B) the tribe members are all related (C) the preacher’s mother and the author’s mother are sisters (D) the preacher had forgotten the author’s name (E) the author refused to answer to her given name 21. According to the passage, the native preacher and the author’s mother are alike in that they both (A) have experienced attempted arson (B) must travel a great deal (C) have similar religious beliefs (D) relish the midday meal (E) enjoy excursions into the natural gardens 22. In line 68, the word “spirit” most nearly means (A) apparition (B) lively nature (C) intent (D) fear (E) presence 23. In the final paragraph, the author characterizes herself primarily as (A) mature (B) creative (C) vengeful (D) repressed (E) awed 24. The author mentions “conceptions of Infinite Love” (lines 71–72) in order to emphasize which of the following characteristics of the “pale-faced missionary” (lines 69–70)? (A) small-mindedness (B) reluctance to persist in the attempt to convert the author to Christianity (C) generosity toward aborigines (D) sympathy for animals (E) high intelligence STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section of the test. 664 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1. Claims about harmful effects of the genetic al- teration of vegetables is more speculation than documented fact. (A) is more speculation than documented fact (B) are more with speculation than of a doc- umented fact (C) is more of a speculation than a docu- mented fact (D) are more speculation than documented fact (E) are a matter of more speculation than documented fact 2. Having passed the test for certification, Macken- zie was looking forward to finding a challenging teaching position in her home town. (A) Having passed (B) Passing (C) Being that she passed (D) If she had passed (E) For her passing 3. Having once been a provincial schoolmaster, Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always oriented more towards clear instruction than pontification. (A) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was always oriented more towards clear instruction than pontification (B) Jean-Paul Sartre always wrote more to instruct than to pontificate (C) the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre were always oriented more toward instruction than pontification (D) Jean-Paul Sartre was oriented in his writing more toward instruction than pontification (E) Jean-Paul Sartre’s writing was more to instruct than to pontificate SECTION 6 Time—25 minutes 35 questions Turn to Section 6 of your answer sheet to answer the questions in this section. Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sen- tence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phras- ing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one of the other choices. In making your selection, follow the require- ments of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence— clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE: The children couldn’t hardly believe their eyes . (A) couldn’t hardly believe their eyes (B) could hardly believe their eyes (C) would not hardly believe their eyes (D) couldn’t nearly believe their eyes (E) couldn’t hardly believe his or her eyes A C D E B CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 665 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 4. Adam Smith was a professor of philosophy, a commissioner of customs, and founded the field of modern economics. (A) a commissioner of customs, and founded the field of modern economics (B) worked as commissioner of customs, and founded the field of modern economics (C) a commissioner of customs, and the founder of the field of modern economics (D) commissioned customs, and was the founder of the field of modern economics (E) a commissioner of customs, and was the founder of the field of modern economics 5. John Locke was one of the first philosophers to attack the principle of primogeniture, the practice of handing the monarchy down to the king’s first-born son. (A) primogeniture, the practice of handing the monarchy down (B) primogeniture; the practice of handing the monarchy down (C) primogeniture being the practice of handing the monarchy down (D) primogeniture that which handed down the monarchy (E) primogeniture this was the practice of handing the monarchy down 6. The nation’s fledgling economy struggled be - cause the investment from other countries into its major industries was lacking from most of them. (A) because the investment from other coun- tries into its major industries was lacking from most of them (B) because few other countries were willing to invest in its major industries (C) due to the fact that few other countries would have invested in its major industries (D) because of the lack of investment from few other countries in its major industries (E) for the lack of investment in its major in- dustries from other countries 7. The corporation began construction on the new building in January, but there is still no completion. (A) there is still no completion (B) they have yet to complete it (C) it has yet to complete the project (D) they have not still completed it yet (E) it isn’t hardly done yet 8. Having spread more quickly than antibiotics could be distributed, doctors were prevented from effectively treating the virulent disease. (A) doctors were prevented from effectively treating the virulent disease (B) doctors could not effectively treat the viru- lent disease because it thwarted them (C) the doctors who were trying to treat it effectively were prevented by the virulent disease (D) the virulent disease prevented itself from its being treated effectively by the doctors (E) the virulent disease prevented the doctors from treating it effectively 9. Although psychologist B. F. Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized be- haviorism, he also wrote a utopian novel enti- tled Walden Two. (A) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, he (B) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, (C) Skinner is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, he (D) Skinner popularized behaviorism, for which he is well known, nevertheless he (E) Skinner, who is best known as the man who popularized behaviorism, is the one who 666 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 6 6 666 6 12. Ellen turned around quick and noticed A that the dog that had been following her was BC now gone . No error DE 13. Marlena was honored not only for her initiative in establishing the fund for war A refugees but also in devoting so much B of her own time and money C to its success . No error DE 14. The Medieval era in music is considered A by most scholars to begin during the reign BC of Pope Gregory and to have ended around the middle of the 15th century. D No error E 15. Neither the artists who were at the vanguard A of the Expressionist movement or even the B critics of the era could have foreseen C the impact of this new mode on the general D public. No error E GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 10. Singing for over 2 hours, Anita’s hoarseness prevented her hitting the high notes. (A) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita’s hoarse- ness prevented her hitting the high notes. (B) Singing for over 2 hours, Anita was un- able to hit the high notes because of her hoarseness. (C) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s hoarseness prevented her from hitting the high notes. (D) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita was no longer able to hit the high notes be- cause of her hoarseness. (E) Having sung for over 2 hours, Anita’s ability to hit the high notes was pre- vented by her hoarseness. 11. Some philosophers maintain that language is essential to formulating certain thoughts; others, that even the most complex thoughts are independent of words. (A) thoughts; others, that (B) thoughts, however, that others maintain that (C) thoughts others suggest that (D) thoughts and that others believe (E) thoughts but others, however, that The following sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is under- lined and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In choos- ing answers, follow the requirements of stan- dard written English. EXAMPLE: By the time they reached the halfway point A in the race , most of the runners hadn’t hardly BCD begun to hit their stride. No error E A C D E B CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 667 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 16. Several members of the safety commission A suggested that lowering the speed limit B on the road would not necessarily result in C less accidents. No error DE 17. By the time the operation was completed , A five surgeons spent over 20 hours performing BC more than a dozen procedures . No error DE 18. Not until the recent scandal has the A newspapers published anything even B vaguely negative about the company or C its executives . No error DE 19. After falling asleep on a horse-drawn bus in A Belgium in 1865, Friedrick Kekule had a dream, it led to his discovery of the structure BC of the benzene molecule . No error DE 20. The movement to establish women’s issues A as important subjects of study have had BC a profound impact on the curricula offered in colleges today. No error DE 21. Legends and folk stories inevitably become transformed and exaggerated as they are A passed down through the generations, often B in order to conform to changing political C and social standards . No error DE 22. Although the remarks were made to the A entire group, everyone at the meeting could B tell that they were particularly intended C for Maria and I . No error DE 23. By all accounts, the restructuring of the federal department was successive , A eliminating unnecessary layers B of bureaucracy and dozens of C wasteful procedures . No error DE 24. The professor suggested that A those who wished to attend the lecture next B week be in the classroom 10 minutes C earlier than usual . No error DE 668 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 25. While in office a President can usually A pass more legislation, and with fewer B procedural obstacles, when the Congress and the administration are underneath the C control of the same political party. D No error E 26. A quick inspection of Kurt’s art collection A would show clearly that he has a discerning B C eye for exemplary works of art. No error DE 27. Surprisingly absent from the debate were AB the vice president’s arrogance that he C typically displays in such forums. No error DE 28. Of the numerous strains of Streptococcus bacteria that are known to cause A infections, type B is the more dangerous B for pregnant women about to give C D birth. No error E 29. Since 2001, the company has spent A more time on employee training than B they did in the previous 10 years combined. C D No error E Questions 30–35 refer to the following passage. (1) Most great scientists and artists are familiar with the so-called “eureka phenomenon.” (2) This is the experience that a thinker has when, after they thought about a problem long and hard, they suddenly come upon a solution in a flash when they are no longer thinking about it. (3) The name of the phenomenon comes from the legend of Archimedes. (4) He had been thinking for days about a hard problem that had come from the king, King Hieron II. (5) The problem was how to determine whether the king’s crown was pure gold without destroying it. (6) As he was bathing, the solution to the problem came to Archimedes in a flash and he ran naked through the streets of Syracuse shouting “Eureka!” meaning “I have found it!” (7) Students should understand this also. (8) You have probably had the experience of thinking about a paper or a math problem for so long that it’s like one’s brain gets frozen. (9) When this happens, it is best to get away from the problem for a while rather than obsess about it. (10) Isaac Asimov, one of the most prolific writers of all time, used to go to the movies every time he got writer’s block. (11) He claimed that he always came out of the movie knowing exactly how to get his story back on track. (12) Unfortunately, many students today don’t have time for that. (13) They feel so much pressure to get everything done—their homework, their jobs, their sports, their extracurricular activities—that they think that taking “time out” to relax their brains is just a costly waste of time. (14) This is really too bad because very often relaxation is more valuable to a student than just more hard work. 30. Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 2 (repro- duced below)? This is the experience that a thinker has when, after they thought about a problem long and hard, they suddenly come upon a solution in a flash when they are no longer thinking about it. (A) that a thinker has when, after they thought long and hard about a problem, their solution suddenly arises like a flash (B) that thinkers have when a solution sud- denly had arisen like a flash after they were thinking long and hard about a problem (C) that a thinker has when, after having thought long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution (D) that thinkers have when, after having thought long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution (E) that thinkers have when, thinking long and hard about a problem, they suddenly come upon a solution in a flash CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 669 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answers for the questions that follow. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sen- tences and ask you to improve sentence struc- ture or word choice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. . 660 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 5 5 555 5 Questions 10–16 are based on the following passage. The following is an excerpt from an essay enti- tled Political Ideals, written. not turn to any other section of the test. 664 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 1. Claims about harmful effects of the genetic al- teration of vegetables is more speculation than documented. lecture next B week be in the classroom 10 minutes C earlier than usual . No error DE 668 McGRAW-HILL’S SAT 6 6 666 6 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 25. While in office a President can usually A pass