Chapter 117. Health Advice for International Travel (Part 2) Immunizations for Travel Immunizations for travel fall into three broad categories: routine (childhood/adult boosters that are necessary regardless of travel), required (immunizations that are mandated by international regulations for entry into certain areas or for border crossings), and recommended (immunizations that are desirable because of travel-related risks). Vaccines commonly given to travelers are listed in Table 117-1. Table 117-1 Vaccines Commonly Used for Travel Vaccine Primary Series Booster Interval Cholera, live oral (CVD 103 - HgR) 1 dose 6 months Hepatitis A (Havrix), 1440 enzyme immunoassay U/mL 2 doses, 6– 12 months apart, IM None required Hepatitis A (VAQTA, AVAXIM, EPAXAL) 2 doses, 6– 12 months apart, IM None required Hepatitis A/B combined (Twinrix) 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6–12 months or 0, 7, and 21 days plus booster at 1 year, IM None required except 12 months (once only, for accelerated schedule) Hepatitis B (Engerix B): accelerated schedule 3 doses at 0, 1, and 2 months or 0, 7, and 21 days plus booster 12 months, once only at 1 year, IM Hepatitis B (Engerix B or Recombivax): standard schedule 3 doses at 0, 1, and 6 months, IM None required Immune globulin (hepatitis A prevention) 1 dose IM Intervals of 3– 5 months, depending on initial dose Japanese encephalitis (JEV, Biken) 3 doses, 1 week apart, SC 12– 18 months (first booster), then 4 years Meningococcus, quadrivalent [Menimmune (polysaccharide), Menactra (conjugate)] 1 dose SC >3 years (optimum booster schedule not yet determined) Rabies (HDCV), rabies vaccine absorbed (RVA), or purified chick embryo cell 3 doses at 0, 7, and 21 or 28 days, IM None required except with exposure vaccine (PCEC) Typhoid Ty21a, or al live attenuated (Vivotif) 1 capsule every other day x 4 doses 5 years Typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide, injectable (Typhim Vi) 1 dose IM 2 years Yellow fever 1 dose SC 10 years reactions occur only rarely. The vaccine is recommended for persons staying >1 month in rural endemic areas or for shorter periods if their activities (e.g., camping, bicycling, hiking) in these areas will increase exposure risk. A Vero cell vaccine may be licensed in the United States within the next 2 years. Cholera The risk of cholera (Chap. 149) is extremely low, with ~1 case per 500,000 journeys to endemic areas. Cholera vaccine, no longer available in the United States, was rarely recommended but was considered for aid and health care workers in refugee camps or in disaster-stricken/war-torn areas. A more effective oral cholera vaccine is available in other countries. . Chapter 117. Health Advice for International Travel (Part 2) Immunizations for Travel Immunizations for travel fall into three broad categories:. that are desirable because of travel- related risks). Vaccines commonly given to travelers are listed in Table 117- 1. Table 117- 1 Vaccines Commonly Used for Travel Vaccine Primary Series. boosters that are necessary regardless of travel) , required (immunizations that are mandated by international regulations for entry into certain areas or for border crossings), and recommended