Khám phá windowns server 2008 - p 15 ppt

ptg6432687 120 4 Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role 8. On the Where Do You Want to Install Windows page, select the disk where you plan to install the Windows system files. Alternatively, you can click the Drive (Options) to create, delete, extend, or format partitions. In addition, click Load Driver to install drivers for the Windows 2008 installation that are not available on the media. NOTE If the only drive available is Unallocated Space, Windows Server 2008 automatically creates a partition based on the largest size and formats the partition with NTFS. The installation process will commence by copying the files, installing the Windows oper- ating system, and configuring features. After this process is complete, the server automati- cally reboots itself, and the logon page is invoked. Performing Common Server Tasks with Server Core When a server is installed, the administrator generally gets a configuration wizard or a familiar Start button or Control Panel where the administrator can change the server name, IP address, join a domain, or the like. Because Server Core doesn’t have the Start button or GUI interface tools, however, this section covers the common tasks performed in completing the configuration of the Server Core system. All these tasks are performed at the command prompt of the Server Core system from command-line tools included with Server Core. FIGURE 4.9 Selecting a custom installation. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 121 Performing Common Server Tasks with Server Core 4 Launching the Command Prompt in a Server Core Installation Remember, the Start menu does not exist. Because of this, one of the most important tasks an administrator must understand when managing a Server Core installation is how to launch the command prompt. The following steps will assist you: 1. Click Ctrl+Alt+Delete. 2. Select Start Task Manager. 3. On the Windows Task Manager screen, select File, New Task (Run). 4. In the Create New Task dialog box, type cmd.exe, and then click OK. Changing the Server Core Administrator’s Password Similar to deploying a regular Windows 2008 implementation, the administrator password is no longer assigned during the Server Core installation process. Therefore, the syntax to assign an administrator password is this: Net user administrator * After the command has been executed, you are prompted to type a password for the user. Enter the password, and then retype it for the confirmation process. It is a best practice to use a complex password when assigning passwords to the administrator account. Changing the Server Core Machine Name After the Server Core installation is complete, another common task is to change the machine name of the server. By default, Windows automatically generates and assigns a server name starting with LH and followed by a string of characters. The syntax to change the Server Core machine name follows: netdom renamecomputer %computername% /newname:<NewComputerName> When manipulating this syntax, replace the <NewComputerName> argument with the new machine name for the Server Core installation. Changing the server name to ServerCore is depicted in the following example: netdom renamecomputer %computername% /newname:ServerCore Assigning a Static IPV4 IP Address and DNS Settings Another common Server Core management task is assigning an IP address, including the primary and secondary DNS settings. Before this task can be executed, you must run the following script to obtain and identify the names of the network interfaces installed on the server. This includes capturing the unique ID associated with each network interface. To display a list of network interfaces, including their respective unique IDs, run the following script: netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 122 4 Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role The next step is to make a note of the network interface name and unique ID that you must change. The ID is located in the leftmost column and is referred to as Idx. This is depicted in the output of the netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces command, as displayed in Figure 4.10. NOTE If you plan to change the IP address settings on more than one interface, take note of all the interface names and Idx unique IDs. Now that you have captured the names and IDs, use the following syntax to change the IP address for a desired interface. netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”<ID>” source=static address=<StaticIP> mask=<SubnetMask> gateway=<DefaultGateway> Replace the ID argument with the network interface name or ID. In addition, enter the static IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway in subsequent arguments. An example follows: netsh interface ipv4 set address name=”1” source=static address=192.168.115.10 mask=255.255.255.0 gateway=192.168.115.1. The final step when configuring the network interface is to enter a primary and secondary DNS entry for the interface. Do this by using the following syntax: netsh interface ipv4 add dnsserver name=”<ID>” address=<DNSIP>index=1 The same command is used and repeated when entering more than one DNS entry. However, increment the index each time. When finalized, run IP Config /all to verify the IP address settings. FIGURE 4.10 Reviewing the Idx ID for a network interface. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 123 Performing Common Server Tasks with Server Core 4 Adding the Server Core System to a Domain The following script illustrates the basic syntax of how to add a Server Core system to a Windows domain: Netdom join %computername% /domain:<domain> /userd:<domain>\<username> /passwordd:* Input the domain name and supply the user account and password for an account that has permissions to add computers to the domain. Enabling Remote Management and Remote Desktop to Server Core Because the Server Core system can’t have administration tools run directly on the system, you need to enable remote management so that the server can be remotely administered and managed. To enable remote management, enter the following: netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group=”Remote Admin” new enable=yes If you want to enable the Remote Desktop function so that you can take control of the Hyper-V Administration console remotely, enter the following command: cscript \windows\system32\scregedit.wsf /ar 0 cscript \windows\system32\scregedit.wsf /cs 0 Rebooting and Shutting Down a Server Core System Even something as simple as shutting down or rebooting a Server Core system needs to be done from the command prompt because there is no Start button from which to choose to shut down or reboot the server. The command to reboot a Server Core system is as follows: shutdown /r /t 0 The command to shut down a Server Core system is as follows: shutdown /s /t 0 Installing Hyper-V Server Role on a Server Core System The typical Windows server roles can be configured on a Server Core installation. Because this book is about the installation of Hyper-V, the command sequence to install the Hyper-V role on Server Core is as follows: ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V After you run this command, you are prompted to reboot the server. The server will then come up, and the Hyper-V role will have been installed. To add virtual guest sessions or administer the Hyper-V host system, you must go to another system that has the Hyper-V Administration tool on it and remotely administer the Hyper-V Server Core system. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 124 4 Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role Server Core Roles and Feature Installations Now that the Hyper-V role installation process has been covered, this section covers the general server role installation process (for those interested in the process of adding other server roles to a Server Core system). The following server roles are currently supported on a Server Core installation: . Active Directory Domain Services . Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) . Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server . DNS Server . File Services . Hyper-V Virtualization . Print Server . Streaming Media Services . Web Server (IIS) The following are optional features that are also supported on a Server Core installation: . Microsoft Failover Cluster . Network Load Balancing . Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications . Windows Backup . Multipath I/O . Removable Storage Management . Windows Bitlocker Drive Encryption . Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) . Telnet Client . Quality of Service (QoS) The OCSetup command-line program is responsible for setting up and configuring the server roles and features on a Server Core installation. You can configure the OCSetup command-line options using the following syntax: ocsetup.exe [/?] [/h] [/help] component [/log:file] [/norestart] [/passive] [/quiet] [/unattendfile:file] [/uninstall] [/x: parameter] Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 125 Performing Common Server Tasks with Server Core 4 TABLE 4.2 Available Command Options for OCSetup Parameter Description /?, /h, /help Explains all the options available for OCSetup component Represents the name of the component you plan on installing, such as DNS, DHCP, Web Server (IIS), and more /log:file Specifies the log file location if you do not want to take advantage of the default location /norestart Does not reboot the computer after the installation /passive Suppresses unnecessary noise and only includes progress status /quiet Does not require user interaction /unattendfile:file Requires additional configurations /uninstall Removes server components /x: parameter Supplies additional configuration parameters TABLE 4.3 Server Role Installation Command Lines with OCSetup Server Role Command DNS Server role start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role DHCP Server role start /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore File Server role start /w ocsetup FRS-Infrastructure Print Server role Start /w ocsetup Printing-ServerCore-Role Active Directory Lightweight Directory Server role start /w ocsetup DirectoryServices-ADAM- ServerCore Windows Deployment Server (Windows DS) role start /w ocsetup Microsoft-Windows- Deployment-Services Use Table 4.2 to understand each of the options that are available when using the OCSetup command-line program. Performing a Server Role Installation on a Server Core Installation Table 4.3 outlines basic server role installation examples based on the use of the OCSetup command-line tool. The previous sections are a prelude to some of the common Server Core command-line arguments for installing and configuring elements on a Windows Server 2008 Server Core installation. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 126 4 Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role Summary The Windows Server 2008 installation process is similar to those found in earlier versions of Windows. The Windows Server 2008 installation process is simpler, however, because certain things such as the server name, IP address, domain name, time zone, and so on are no longer prompted for during the installation. Instead, they are part of a post-installation process. This simplification enables administrators to start the installation process by just choosing the version of Windows 2008 they want to install on the server and selecting the disk subsystem on which to install Windows. Administrators can then come back 20 minutes later and the server will have gone through the entire installation process on its own. The administrator walks through the post-installation wizard to enter the server name, IP address, time zone, and other server specifics, and then the system is fully configured. The new Windows Server Core installation has been an anticipated feature for the Windows 2008 family of operating systems and has been popular as the base installation for Hyper-V host servers. One reason for this is that the lack of a GUI on the virtual host means a significant decrease in the attack surface on the host system. Server Core installa- tions meet today’s administrator and organization needs by providing a way to use the Windows 2008 operating system with the fewest number of binaries, in the most highly secured fashion, while also reducing management overhead. Best Practices The following are best practices from this chapter: . Verify that your hardware, devices, and drivers are supported by Windows Server 2008. . As a Hyper-V virtualization host server, you need far more RAM, processor, and disk space than a normal “minimum requirement” server configuration. See Chapter 3 to properly size the Hyper-V server with the hardware requirements needed. . Before beginning the installation of Windows 2008 on the server, make sure the system supports hardware-assisted virtualization through the use of an Intel EM64T or AMD64 processor. . Only install the x64-bit version of Windows 2008 on the server; the 32-bit (x86) version of Windows 2008 does not support Hyper-V host virtualization. . Considering installing either the Enterprise Edition or the Datacenter Edition of Windows 2008 (not the Standard Edition) if you plan to have three or more virtual guest sessions on the system (from the perspective of licensing cost under the Microsoft virtual server rights licensing policy). . Use the Windows Server 2008 Initial Configuration Tasks Wizard to conduct post- installation tasks. . Use Windows Server Core installations when the highest level of security is warranted. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 127 Best Practices 4 . Use a consistent naming convention to name the servers and client machines. . Use only Internet standard characters in your computer name. This includes the letters A–Z (upper- and lowercase), the numbers 0–9, and the hyphen (-). . As soon as you complete the installation, rename the administrator account and assign a strong password, for the sake of security. . Have the installation media and license keys needed for the installation of the host operating system handy when you are about to install the operating system on the server. . Join the Hyper-V host to an Active Directory to take advantage of domain adminis- tration and management capabilities. If the Hyper-V host will be in a DMZ or nonsecure location, however, you may choose to keep the Hyper-V host as a stand- alone server. . Enable Remote Management on a Server Core system so that you can remotely man- age and administer the server. Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 This page intentionally left blank Download at www.wowebook.com ptg6432687 5 Installing a Guest Session on Hyper-V IN THIS CHAPTER . Choosing the Guest Session Operating System . Installing a Windows-Based Guest Operating System Session . Installing a Linux-Based Guest Operating System Session . Modifying Guest Session Configuration Settings . Launching a Hyper-V Guest Session . Installing the Windows Guest Session Integration Tools . Using Snapshots of Guest Operating System Sessions So far in this book, we have gone through the process of planning the migration of physical servers to Hyper-V virtual guests (Chapter 2, “Best Practices at Planning, Prototyping, Migrating, and Deploying Windows 2008 Hyper-V”), sized and scaled our host server to have enough memory and processing capability to support our planned virtual guest sessions (Chapter 3, “Planning, Sizing, and Architecting a Hyper-V Environment”), and we have installed the core Windows 2008 operating system and added the Hyper-V role to the server (Chapter 4, “Installing Windows 2008 Server and the Hyper-V Role”). The next step is to start building out guest sessions. This chapter covers the creation of new guest sessions on Hyper-V. Guest sessions on Hyper-V can be both Windows images and non-Windows (Linux) images. For organizations that are looking to migrate existing physical servers or convert existing virtual server sessions to Hyper-V virtual sessions, that is covered in Chapter 10, “Creating Guest Images from Existing Production and Virtual Systems.” This chapter just focuses on the creation of net new guest images from installation media. Choosing the Guest Session Operating System Although you can effectively boot and try to install any operating system on Hyper-V and can frequently get to the point where the operating system will work under Hyper-V, Microsoft officially supports only specific versions of operat- ing systems as guest sessions. Download at www.wowebook.com . DNS -Server- Core-Role DHCP Server role start /w ocsetup DHCPServerCore File Server role start /w ocsetup FRS-Infrastructure Print Server role Start /w ocsetup Printing-ServerCore-Role Active. process of planning the migration of physical servers to Hyper-V virtual guests (Chapter 2, “Best Practices at Planning, Prototyping, Migrating, and Deploying Windows 2008 Hyper-V”), sized. of Hyper-V, the command sequence to install the Hyper-V role on Server Core is as follows: ocsetup Microsoft-Hyper-V After you run this command, you are prompted to reboot the server. The server