OCA/OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 1026 SYSDBA privilege auditing activity of, 241 managing connections for, 238–239 using during authentication, 114–115 SYSOPER privilege remote login to password file with, 238–239 using during authentication, 114–115 system global area. See SGA System Monitor (SMON), 29 system privileges, 216–219 SYSTEM tablespaces, 180, 721 TT tables. See also constraints; indexes; joins altering definitions after creating, 269–270 cautions using pure natural joins, 485 comparing patterns in, 398–400 constraints for, 283–290 creating Flashback Data Archive for, 737–739 cross join effects on, 485–486 data normalization in, 371–374 in databases, 12 defined, 261 defining constraints for, 286–288 deleting rows in, 323–325 dropping and truncating, 270, 702 error message for missing, 387 exercise, 270–273 external, 834–838 fetching data with outer joins, 485, 500–505 flashback drop recoveries, 550, 701–702, 715, 721 flashback queries in, 725–727 generating with subqueries, 518 heap, 266, 267–268 high water mark of, 326, 832 HR schema, 377 joining, 482 limiting rows in, 392–400 listing available data types for, 263–266 MOVE command for reorganizing, 854 need for indexes, 275–276 null comparisons in, 400 null values in, 390–391 n-way joins for, 495–496, 497 obtaining metadata for, 369–370 parent-child relationships between, 500 performing self-joins on, 498–500 populating, 316–320 querying while moving, 854 range comparisons in, 395, 397 relational theory of, 370–371 reorganizing, 853–855 review, 304 rolling back transactions, 336–337, 351 self test and answers for, 305–314 set comparisons with IN operator, 395, 397–398 showing all database, 47 shrinking, 855–859, 861 simple and advanced, 266 sorting retrieved rows, 403–405 source and target, 482–483 specifying constraint state for, 288–289 subqueries creating, 268–269 table aliases, 487–489 temporary, 273–275 unable to shrink types of, 858 undoing vs. redoing data for, 333 updating rows in, 320–323 views, 47, 290–295 WEBSTORE schema, 378–379 tablespaces, 180–197 alert thresholds for, 190–191 backup mode with, 681 converting to local management, 195–196 creating in Database Control, 180–186 dropping, 191, 192–194 excluding from flashback logging, 714 export/import of, 845–848, 860 extent management in, 194–196 finding tables in, 177 illustrated, 46 model for, 172–173 modifying, 192–194, 196–197 quotas and defaults for user accounts, 206–207 read-only, 188, 189 reclaiming space taken by objects, 722–723 recovering, 654–658, 669–670 relation of segments, datafiles, and blocks to, 173–174 renaming datafiles and, 186–187 resizing, 188–190 review, 197–198 segment space management in, 194, 195, 196, 857 self test and answers, 198–202 SYSAUX, 45, 180 SYSTEM, 180 taking online/offline, 187–188 temporary user account, 207–208 transporting, 860 unable to use Flashback Drop on SYSTEM, 721 undo, 356–359, 735 verifying object dependencies of, 656 target databases connecting to, 579 creating RMAN virtual private catalog for, 645 defined, 651 technical support for CD-ROM content, 989 tempfile recovery, 688, 693 temporary tables creating and using, 274–275 defined, 273 review, 304 temporary tablespaces changing, 213 unable to backup, 681, 693 user accounts and, 207–208 territory support, 942–943 testing consumer groups configuration, 797–799 OUI, 58–60 thresholds review, 887 setting, 881–882, 883 tablespace alert, 190–191 time adjusting time zones, 954–957 component in date format masks, 439, 441 territory-related settings for, 943 TNS_ADMIN environment variable, 151, 152, 153 tnsnames.ora file, 151, 153 TNSPING utility, 150–151 Index 1027 TO_CHAR function conversions using, 434, 454 converting numbers to characters, 437–439 explicit data type conversion with, 436 TO_DATE function conversions using, 434, 454 converting characters to date with, 443–444 explicit data type conversion with, 436 TO_NUMBER function conversions using, 434, 454 explicit data type conversion with, 436 tools administration, 67–68, 91 database connection, 61–66 development, 8–10 Resource Manager configuration, 778–780 using Flashback Database, 709–711 trace files about, 45 ASM unavailable for, 755 review, 127 usefulness of, 100 using from alert log, 121–122 transaction processing (TP) monitor, 774 TRANSACTIONAL shutdown mode, 119–120 transactions. See also Flashback Transaction about, 330 ACID test for, 330–331 COMMIT statements processing, 335–336 distributed, 36–37 integrity of, 330–331 isolation of, 331, 346 locking conflicts in, 346–350 making permanent, 325, 326 recovering bad, 620 review, 360 rolling back, 336–337, 351 running out of undo space, 355 setting savepoints in, 337 starting and ending, 334–335 undo data and, 352–354 triggers. See database triggers TRIM function, 425 TRUNC functions date, 433 numeric, 428 TRUNCATE command about, 316, 325–326 DELETE vs., 325 illustrated, 327 truncating tables, 270, 702 TSPITR (tablespace point-in-time recovery), 654–658, 669–670 UU UNDEFINE command, 409–411 underscore (_) character, 398–400 undo data ADDM Automatic Undo Advisor, 875 analyzing with Flashback Transaction Query, 729–732 defined, 351 error conditions with, 354–355 parameters for UNDO_ MANAGEMENT and UNDO_ RETENTION, 355–356 redo vs., 333 restricting generation of, 793–794 review, 360–361 setting retention guarantee for, 735 transactions and, 352–354 used by Flashback Query, 724 using, 352 undo pools, 794 undo tablespaces creating and managing, 358–359 sizing and monitoring, 356–358 UNDO_MANAGEMENT parameter, 355–356 UNDO_RETENTION parameter, 355–356 UNDO_TABLESPACE parameter, 358–359 Unicode character sets about, 939, 945–946 support for, 957 UNION ALL operators, 525, 529–530 UNION operators, 525, 530 unions of sets, 525 unique constraints, 275, 284, 833 unique indexes, 280 unloading data, 67–68 Data Pump for, 840–841 unlocking user accounts, 209 UNTIL keyword, 622, 631 UPDATE command, 320–323 UPDATE statements, 333, 853 UPPER function, 422 user accounts, 204–216 attributes of, 205 authentication methods for, 209–212 creating, 213–216 default tablespace and quotas for, 206–207 profile for, 208 review, 248 schemas and, 204 status for, 208–209 temporary tablespaces, 207–208 username for, 205–206 user errors, 549–551 user interface DBCA opening screen options, 90–91 lsnrctl utility, 146–147 My Oracle Support, 966 SQL Developer, 64 Windows DBCA, 83, 84 user process failures, 547 user session processes, 14 user-managed backups. See also restoring; user-managed recoveries about, 578, 694 archivelog mode backups, 680–681 exercise, 682, 686–688 noarchivelog mode backups, 678–680 overview of, 678, 679 password and parameter file, 682–683, 694 review, 693–695 self-test and answers, 695–697 server-managed vs., 578, 678 unavailable for ASM, 764 user-managed recoveries critical datafile recoveries, 690–691 incomplete, 691–693, 694 lost datafile, 688–691 multiplexed controlfile recovery, 683–685, 695 multiplexed online redo log file recovery, 685–688, 693 noncritical datafile recoveries, 689–690 overview of backup and, 678, 679 review, 693–695 tempfile recovery, 688, 693 username for user accounts, 205–206 OCA/OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 1028 users changing globalization and environment settings, 949 changing session-level settings, 950–951 connection to database, 5 consumer groups, 775–776 indirect connection to database, 16 managing, 781, 785–786 passing privileges to other, 217–218 permissions for incomplete recoveries, 621 switching consumer groups, 781 UTL_FILE_DIR instance parameter, 236 UTL_FILE privileges, 234 UTL_HTTP privileges, 235 UTL_SMTP privileges, 235 UTL_TCP privileges, 235 VV V$ views about, 124–126 V$INSTANCE_RECOVERY view, 556–557 V$NLS_VALID_VALUES variable, 940, 941, 957 V$PARAMETER view, 101–102 V$PPARAMETER view, 3.3-3.4 V$PROCESS view, 659–660 V$PROCESS_LONGOPS view, 660–662 V$SESSION view, 659–660 V$SYSAUX_OCCUPANTS, 868 value-based auditing, 244–245 VARCHAR2 data type, 264, 434 variables. See also environment variables DEFINE and UNDEFINE commands for session, 409–411 embedding values in archive log file names, 564 NLS, 940, 941, 944 substitution, 406–408, 411 territory-related, 942–943 Venn diagrams, 525–526 VERIFY command, 411 versions command simulating earlier database, 918 need for updated OUI, 57 viewing all segments in databases, 174–175 audit trails, 244 data dictionary in queries, 123–124, 126 initialization parameters, 101–103 instances with dynamic performance views, 124–126 views, 290–295. See also V$ views about, 290 creating, altering, and dropping, 294–295 DBA_RESUMABLE, 850 defined, 261 editing stored scripts in queried, 650 enforcing security with, 291 error message for missing, 387 monitoring RMAN sessions with, 659–660 optimizing performance, 292–293 organizing data with, 292 preventing errors, 292 recovery file, 568–569 review, 304–305 simple and complex, 293–294 simplifying SQL, 291–292 using for RMAN backups, 597 virtual private catalog, 645–646, 668 virtualization, 4 volumes file storage on logical and physical, 178–179 size of ASM instances, 758 size restrictions of, 749 WW wallets, 592 web applications, 6 web browsers, 109–110 WEBSTORE schema about, 368, 375–379 entity-relationship diagram for, 376, 378 sample data for, 381 tables for, 378–379 WHERE clauses, 392–400 about, 392–393 Boolean operators in, 400–402 comparison operators for, 395–400 date-based conditions for, 394–395 determining character-based conditions in, 393–394 expression and text substitution in, 409 HAVING clauses vs., 472–473 IS NULL operator in, 390, 400 OR and AND operators in, 403 precedence rules in, 402–403 setting numeric-based conditions in, 393 subqueries in, 516 substituting column names in, 408–409 whole backups, 578, 600 wildcard symbols, 398–400 Windows. See Microsoft Windows windows (Scheduler) defined, 822 review, 827 using, 824–826 using with schedules, 811–812 window groups, 822 workload capturing, 921–922 launching replay of, 923–924 preprocessing Database Replay, 922–923 writing subqueries, 524 . OCA/ OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 1026 SYSDBA privilege auditing activity of, 241 managing connections for, 238–239 using during authentication, 114–115 SYSOPER. recovery, 688, 693 username for user accounts, 205–206 OCA/ OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 1028 users changing globalization and environment settings, 949 changing session-level settings,. 411 territory-related, 942–943 Venn diagrams, 525–526 VERIFY command, 411 versions command simulating earlier database, 918 need for updated OUI, 57 viewing all segments in databases, 174–175 audit trails,