OCA/OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide- P5 ppsx

CHAPTER 1Architectural Overview of Oracle Database 11g Exam Objectives In this chapter you will learn to • 052.1.1 Explain the Memory Structures • 052.1.2 Describe the Process Structure

052.3 Creating an Oracle Database

052.3.1 Create a database by using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) 2

052.4 Managing the Oracle Instance

052.4.1 Setting database initialization parameters 3 052.4.2 Describe the stages of database startup and shutdown 3 052.4.3 Using alert log and trace files 3 052.4.4 Using data dictionary and dynamic performance views 3

052.5 Configuring the Oracle Network Environment

052.5.1 Configure and manage the Oracle network 4 052.5.2 Using the Oracle Shared Server architecture 4

052.6 Managing Database Storage Structures

052.6.1 Overview of tablespace and datafiles 5 052.6.2 Create and manage tablespaces 5 052.6.3 Space management in tablespaces 5

052.7 Administering User Security

052.7.1 Create and manage database user accounts 6 052.7.2 Grant and revoke privileges 6

052.7.4 Create and manage profiles 6

052.8 Managing Schema Objects

052.8.4 Create and use temporary tables 7

052.9 Managing Data and Concurrency

052.9.2 Identify and administer PL/SQL objects 8 052.9.3 Monitor and resolve locking conflicts 8

052.10 Managing Undo Data

052.10.2 Transactions and undo data 8

052.11 Implementing Oracle Database Security

052.11.1 Database security and the principle of least privilege 6

ID Name Chapter

052.11.2 Work with standard database auditing 6

052.12 Database Maintenance

052.12.1 Use and manage optimizer statistics 24

052.12.2 Use and manage Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) 24

052.12.4 Manage alerts and thresholds 24

052.13 Performance Management

052.13.1 Use Automatic Memory Management 25

052.13.3 Troubleshoot invalid and unusable objects 25

052.14 Backup and Recovery Concepts

052.14.1 Identify the types of failure that can occur in an Oracle database 14

052.14.2 Describe ways to tune instance recovery 14

052.14.3 Identify the importance of checkpoints, redo log files, and archived log files 14

052.14.4 Overview of flash recovery area 14

052.14.5 Configure ARCHIVELOG mode 14

052.15 Performing Database Backups

052.15.1 Create consistent database backups 15

052.15.2 Back up your database without shutting it down 15

052.15.3 Create incremental backups 15

052.15.4 Automate database backups 15

052.15.5 Manage backups, view backup reports, and monitor the flash recovery area 15

052.16 Performing Database Recovery

052.16.1 Overview of Data Recovery Advisor 16

052.16.2 Use Data Recovery Advisor to perform recovery (control file, redo log

file and data file)

16

052.17 Moving Data

052.17.1 Describe and use methods to move data (directory objects,

SQL*Loader, external tables)

23 052.17.2 Explain the general architecture of Oracle Data Pump 23

052.17.3 Use Data Pump Export and Import to move data between Oracle

databases

23

052.18 Intelligent Infrastructure Enhancements

052.18.1 Use the Enterprise Manager Support Workbench 27

Administration II, Objectives

053 Oracle Database 11g: Administration Workshop II

053.1 Database Architecture and ASM

053.1.1 Describe Automatic Storage Management (ASM) 20 053.1.2 Set up initialization parameter files for ASM and database instances 20 053.1.3 Start up and shut down ASM instances 20 053.1.4 Administer ASM disk groups 20

053.2 Configuring for Recoverability

053.2.1 Configure multiple archive log file destinations to increase availability 14 053.2.2 Define, apply, and use a retention policy 17 053.2.3 Configure the Flash Recovery Area 14

053.3 Using the RMAN Recovery Catalog

053.3.1 Identify situations that require RMAN recovery catalog 17 053.3.2 Create and configure a recovery catalog 17 053.3.3 Synchronize the recovery catalog 17 053.3.4 Create and use RMAN stored scripts 17 053.3.5 Back up the recovery catalog 17 053.3.6 Create and use a virtual private catalog 17

053.4 Configuring Backup Specifications

053.4.2 Allocate channels to use in backing up 15 053.4.3 Configure backup optimization 15

053.5 Using RMAN to Create Backups

053.5.2 Create a whole database backup 15 053.5.3 Enable fast incremental backup 15 053.5.4 Create duplex backup and back up backup sets 15 053.5.5 Create an archival backup for long-term retention 15 053.5.6 Create a multisection, compressed, and encrypted backup 15 053.5.7 Report on and maintain backups 15

053.6 Performing User-Managed Backup and Recovery

053.6.1 Recover from a lost TEMP file 18 053.6.2 Recover from a lost redo log group 18 053.6.3 Recover from the loss of password file 18

ID Name Chapter

053.6.4 Perform user-managed complete database recovery 18

053.6.5 Perform user-managed incomplete database recovery 18

053.6.6 Perform user-managed and server-managed backups 18

053.6.7 Identify the need of backup mode 18

053.6.8 Back up and recover a control file 18

053.7 Using RMAN to Perform Recovery

053.7.1 Perform complete recovery from a critical or noncritical data file loss

using RMAN

16 053.7.2 Perform incomplete recovery using RMAN 16

053.7.3 Recover using incrementally updated backups 16

053.7.4 Switch to image copies for fast recovery 16

053.7.5 Restore a database onto a new host 17

053.7.6 Recover using a backup control file 16

053.8 Using RMAN to Duplicate a Database

053.8.1 Creating a duplicate database 17

053.8.2 Using a duplicate database 17

053.9 Performing Tablespace Point-in-Time Recovery

053.9.1 Identify the situations that require TSPITR 17

053.10 Monitoring and Tuning RMAN

053.10.1 Monitoring RMAN sessions and jobs 17

053.10.3 Configure RMAN for asynchronous I/O 17

053.11 Using Flashback Technology

053.11.1 Restore dropped tables from the recycle bin 19

053.11.3 Use Flashback Transaction 19

053.12 Additional Flashback Operations

053.12.1 Perform Flashback Table operations 19

053.12.2 Configure, monitor Flashback Database, and perform Flashback

Database operations

19 053.12.3 Set up and use a Flashback Data Archive 19

053.13 Diagnosing the Database

053.13.1 Set up Automatic Diagnostic Repository 27

053.13.3 Perform Block Media Recovery 16

053.14 Managing Memory

053.14.1 Implement Automatic Memory Management 25 053.14.2 Manually configure SGA parameters 25 053.14.3 Configure automatic PGA memory management 25

053.15 Managing Database Performance

053.15.1 Use the SQL Tuning Advisor 25 053.15.2 Use the SQL Access Advisor to tune a workload 25 053.15.3 Understand Database Replay 25

053.16 Space Management

053.16.1 Manage resumable space allocation 23 053.16.2 Describe the concepts of transportable tablespaces and databases 23 053.16.3 Reclaim wasted space from tables and indexes by using the segment

shrink functionality

23

053.17 Managing Resources

053.17.1 Understand the database resource manager 21 053.17.2 Create and use database resource manager components 21

053.18.1 Create a job, program, and schedule 22 053.18.2 Use a time-based or event-based schedule for executing Scheduler jobs 22

053.18.4 Use job chains to perform a series of related tasks 22

053.19 Administering the Scheduler

053.19.1 Create windows and job classes 22 053.19.2 Use advanced Scheduler concepts to prioritize jobs 22

053.20 Globalization

053.20.1 Customize language-dependent behavior for the database and

individual sessions

26 053.20.2 Working with database and NLS character sets 26

PART I

Oracle Database 11g

Administration

■ Chapter 1 Architectural Overview of Oracle Database 11g

■ Chapter 2 Installing and Creating a Database

■ Chapter 3 Instance Management

■ Chapter 4 Oracle Networking

■ Chapter 5 Oracle Storage

■ Chapter 6 Oracle Security

CHAPTER 1

Architectural Overview of

Oracle Database 11g

Exam Objectives

In this chapter you will learn to

• 052.1.1 Explain the Memory Structures

• 052.1.2 Describe the Process Structures

• 052.1.3 Identify the Storage Structures

3

server product and the fundamentals of SQL (Structure Query Language, pronounced

sequel) The authors seek to relate your learning as much to the real world as possible

to concretize some of the abstract concepts to follow, by introducing a hypothetical scenario that will be systematically expanded as you progress through the book This approach involves nominating you as the DBA in charge of setting up an online store You will appreciate the various roles a DBA is expected to fulfill as well as some of the technology areas with which a DBA is expected to be familiar.

The nonexaminable discussion of the Oracle product stack is followed by considering

several prerequisites for fully understanding the tasks involved in setting up an Oracle 11g

database system This discussion leads into the examinable objectives in this chapter, which are the Single-Instance Architecture and the Memory, Process, and Storage Structures.

Oracle Product Stack

No Oracle guide is complete without contextualizing the product under study This section discusses the three core product families currently available from Oracle Corporation End users of Oracle technology typically use a subset of the available products that have been clustered into either the server, development tools, or

applications product families.

Oracle Server Family

The three primary groupings of products within the server technology family consist of the database, application server, and enterprise manager suites These form the basic components for Oracle’s vision of grid computing The concept underlying the Grid is

virtualization End users request a service (typically from a web-based application), but

they neither know nor need to know the source of that service Simplistically, the database server is accessible to store data, the application server hosts the infrastructure for the service being requested by the end user, and the enterprise manager product provides administrators with the management interface The platforms or physical servers involved in supplying the service are transparent to the end user Virtualization allows resources to be optimally used, by provisioning servers to the areas of greatest requirement in a manner transparent to the end user.

Database Server

The database server comprises Oracle instances and databases with many features like Streams, Partitioning, Warehousing, Replication, and Real Application Clusters (RAC), but ultimately it provides a reliable, mature, robust, high-performance enterprise-quality data store, built on an object-relational database system Historically, one of the projects undertaken in the late 1970s to animate the relational theory proposed

by Dr E.F Codd resulted in the creation of a relational database management system (RDBMS) that later became known as the Oracle Server The Oracle Server product

is well established in the worldwide database market, and the product is central to

Oracle Corporation’s continued growth, providing the backbone for many of its other

products and offerings This book is dedicated to describing the essential features of

the Oracle Server and the primary mechanisms used to interact with it It covers the

aspects that are measured in the certification exams, but by no means explores the

plethora of features available in the product.

An Oracle database is a set of files on disk It exists until these files are deleted

There are no practical limits to the size and number of these files, and therefore no

practical limits to the size of a database Access to the database is through the Oracle

instance The instance is a set of processes and memory structures: it exists on the

CPU(s) and in the memory of the server node, and its existence is temporary An

instance can be started and stopped Users of the database establish sessions against

the instance, and the instance then manages all access to the database It is absolutely

impossible in the Oracle environment for any user to have direct contact with the

database An Oracle instance with an Oracle database makes up an Oracle server.

The processing model implemented by the Oracle server is that of client-server

processing, often referred to as two-tier In the client-server model, the generation of the

user interface and much of the application logic is separated from the management of

the data For an application developed using SQL (as all relational database applications

will be), this means that the client tier generates the SQL commands, and the server

tier executes them This is the basic client-server split, usually with a local area

network dividing the two tiers The network communications protocol used between

the user process and the server process is Oracle’s proprietary protocol, Oracle Net.

The client tier consists of two components: the users and the user processes The

server tier has three components: the server processes that execute the SQL, the instance,

and the database itself Each user interacts with a user process Each user process

interacts with a server process, usually across a local area network The server processes

interact with the instance, and the instance with the database Figure 1-1 shows this

relationship diagrammatically A session is a user process in communication with a

server process There will usually be one user process per user and one server process

per user process The user and server processes that make up sessions are launched on

demand by users and terminated when no longer required; this is the on and

log-off cycle The instance processes and memory structures are launched by the database

administrator and persist until the administrator deliberately terminates them; this is

the database startup and shutdown cycle.

Figure 1-1 The indirect connection between a user and a database