Database Modeling & Design: Logical Design Fourth Edition TOBY TEOREY SAM LIGHTSTONE TOM NADEAU AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS IS AN IMPRINT OF ELSEVIER Teorey.book Page v Saturday, July 16, 2005 12:57 PM Publishing Director Michael Forster Publisher Diane Cerra Publishing Services Manager Simon Crump Editorial Assistant Asma Stephan Cover Design Yvo Riezebos Design Cover Image Getty Images Composition Multiscience Press, Inc. Technical Illustration Dartmouth Publishing, Inc. Copyeditor Multiscience Press, Inc. Proofreader Multiscience Press, Inc. Indexer Multiscience Press, Inc. Interior printer Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Cover printer Phoenix Color Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier. 500 Sansome Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94111 This book is printed on acid-free paper. © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on- line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com) by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted. ISBN 13: 978-0-12-685352-0 ISBN 10: 0-12-685352-5 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at www.mkp.com or www.books.elsevier.com Printed in the United States of America 05 06 07 08 09 5 4 3 2 1 Teorey.book Page vi Saturday, July 16, 2005 12:57 PM To Matt, Carol, and Marilyn (Toby Teorey) To my wife and children, Elisheva, Hodaya, and Avishai (Sam Lightstone) To Carol, Paula, Mike, and Lagi (Tom Nadeau) Teorey.book Page vii Saturday, July 16, 2005 12:57 PM Teorey.book Page viii Saturday, July 16, 2005 12:57 PM ix Contents Preface xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Data and Database Management 2 1.2 The Database Life Cycle 3 1.3 Conceptual Data Modeling 8 1.4 Summary 11 1.5 Literature Summary 11 Chapter 2 The Entity-Relationship Model 13 2.1 Fundamental ER Constructs 13 2.1.1 Basic Objects: Entities, Relationships, Attributes 13 2.1.2 Degree of a Relationship 16 2.1.3 Connectivity of a Relationship 18 2.1.4 Attributes of a Relationship 19 2.1.5 Existence of an Entity in a Relationship 19 2.1.6 Alternative Conceptual Data Modeling Notations 20 Teorey.book Page ix Saturday, July 16, 2005 12:57 PM . Database Modeling & Design: Logical Design Fourth Edition TOBY TEOREY SAM LIGHTSTONE TOM NADEAU AMSTERDAM • BOSTON. PM ix Contents Preface xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Data and Database Management 2 1.2 The Database Life Cycle 3 1.3 Conceptual Data Modeling 8 1.4 Summary 11 1.5 Literature Summary 11 Chapter. Cerra Publishing Services Manager Simon Crump Editorial Assistant Asma Stephan Cover Design Yvo Riezebos Design Cover Image Getty Images Composition Multiscience Press, Inc. Technical Illustration