!"#$%&'())*+,# /0+!/)(01+./+ 2#3#+4)/3)(+5)367(8$+ Brandon'Heller'(Stanford)' ,(./.+,))39#(#:#/+;2)<3$&9 )+')")87:+=>2?+@7$+A"37$B+ C(.1#+D#9#E)-#/+;F)6")GHC#&8#(E+@#I$?+C#"7+A"37B+ J.#//.$+J.#87< :.$+;, 3#/K7(EB+ C</))3+,9#(:#+;F)6")GHC#&8#(E+@#I$?+C#"7+A"37B+ ,<L#3#+M#/)(L))+;F)6")GHC#&8#(E+@#I$?+C#"7+A"37B+ 5.&8+D&N)76/+;,3#/K7(EB+ O+ P+ 5)367(8+C76)(+47/$<:Q%7/*+RM+8S9+./+OTTRU+ VORWN+#-)(#0)+$.X)+97:)$+ YZTD+#+:7/39+ #+0./7(:7<$+#:7</3+7K+4[ O+ O\+./&()#$)+Q(7L)&3)E+K7(+OT]]+ ^_HQ7(3+,6.3&9+ C76)(+D)3)(+ V]ZTS+/739./0+&7//)&3)E+ ^+ V]_ZS+#""+^_+]`+"./8$+7/+ '7QH7KH=#&8+,6.3&9+ "7#E+ Q76)(+<$#0)+;SB+ OTT+ ]TT+ ]TTa+ZTa+ 2)$.()E*+ ]TTa+-#(.#%7/+ A""+"./8$+7/*+ Za+-#(.#%7/+ ]`IQ$+"./8$+ 7/)H#3H#H%:)+ Z+ ]TTDIQ$+"./8$+ 7/)H#3H#H%:)+ !H&7::)(&)+6)I$.3)?+PTT+$)(-)($++ 0 5 10 15 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Bandwidth in Gbps Time (1 unit = 10 mins) Total Traffic in Gbps Traffic R+ V_\++ E#1b/.093+ ^bcbTc+++++++++++++++;7/)+6))8B+ ^b]^bTc+ W+ C(7 $.7/./0+K7(+Q)#8+ ++ ++d+ '.:)H-#(1./0+3(#e&+E):#/E$++ ++ ++d+ @76+)e&.)/&1+#3+"76+"7#E$++ ++ ++f+ Lots'of'wasted'power' _+ 4#/g3+E7+:<&9+K7(+]+$6.3&9h+ S9#3+.K+6)+9#-)+]TTT+$6.3&9)$i+ c+ ,&#")H<Q+2#3#+4)/3)(*+O5+'())+ !"#$% &' '#$'()"*% +,'$%-(./% ]T+ ,&#")H7<3+2#3#+4)/3)(*+j#3+'())+ !"#$%$ &"'($ )* *'(*+,"-$ .#*($ !"#$/$ !"#$0$ !"#$1$ ]]+ K(7:+,&#"#I")+47::7E.31+2#3#+4)/3)(?+,k`4[DD+OTT_?+A"+j#()$+)3+#"h+ [...]... Mul%-‐ Capacity Commodity Flow Conserva%on Flow Demand Sa%sfac%on traffic = demand? Connect switches and links switch off links off 19 Greedy bin-‐ packing 20 a 3 flows, each 0.3Gbps b c d a 0.3 b 0.3 c 0.3 d e... Op%mizers Formal Model Greedy Bin-‐packer Topo-‐ aware Heuris%c scalability 17 Formal Model 18 Variables Type Descrip6on Real Amount of each flow along each link Boolean Switch power state Boolean Link power state Op%miza%on Goal minimize Σ ( link + switch power) Constraints Type Constraint Descrip6on Mul%-‐ Capacity...Today’s Network Power Knobs vary link speed disable switches disable links move workloads 12 Our approach: Turn off unneeded links and switches [Carefully] [At Scale] 13 End goal: Create an energy- ‐propor%onal data center network from non-‐propor%onal components power traffic 14 15 Elas%cTree... c e d e 32 a d 0.4 c X X X e 0.4 b X a b c c a complete solu%on b 0.4 d e d e 33 Power Savings 34 adding fault tolerance +1 MST X a b c X d e 35 Cost of Fault Tolerance 16 hosts ~25% 16K hosts ~1% 36 3 flows, each 0.3Gbps u%liza%on . 3#/K7(EB+ C</))3+,9#(:#+;F)6")GHC#&8#(E+@#I$?+C#"7+A"37B+ ,<L#3#+M#/)(L))+;F)6")GHC#&8#(E+@#I$?+C#"7+A"37B+ 5.&8+D&N)76/+;,3#/K7(EB+ O+ P+ 5)367(8+C76)(+47/$<:Q%7/*+RM+8S9+./+OTTRU+ VORWN+#-)(#0)+$.X)+97:)$+ YZTD+#+:7/39+ #+0./7(:7<$+#:7</3+7K+4[ O+ O+./&()#$)+Q(7L)&3)E+K7(+OT]]+ ^_HQ7(3+,6.3&9+ C76)(+D)3)(+ V]ZTS+/739./0+&7//)&3)E+ ^+ V]_ZS+#""+^_+]`+"./8$+7/+ '7QH7KH=#&8+,6.3&9+ "7#E+ Q76)(+<$#0)+;SB+ OTT+ ]TT+ ]TTa+ZTa+ 2)$.()E*+ ]TTa+-#(.#%7/+ A""+"./8$+7/*+ Za+-#(.#%7/+ ]`IQ$+"./8$+ 7/)H#3H#H%:)+ Z+ ]TTDIQ$+"./8$+ 7/)H#3H#H%:)+ !H&7::)(&)+6)I$.3)?+PTT+$)(-)($++ 0 5 10 15 20 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Bandwidth in Gbps Time (1 unit = 10 mins) Total Traffic in Gbps Traffic R+ V_++ E#1b/.093+ ^bcbTc+++++++++++++++;7/)+6))8B+ ^b]^bTc+ W+ C(7. 31+ j7(:#"+ D7E)"+ `())E1+ M./HQ#&8)(+ '7Q7H #6#()+ F)<(.$%&+ ]W+ j7(:#"+D7E)"+ ]_+ Type' Constraint' Descrip6on' D<"%H+ 47::7E.31+ j"76+ 4#Q#&.31+ 3(#e&+qf+"./8+(#3)i+ j"76+47/$)(-#%7/+ Q#&8)3$+./+f+Q#&8)3$+7<3i+ 2):#/E+,#%$K#&%7/+ I#/E6.E39+rf+E):#/Ei+ [<(+ AEE.%7/$+ j"76+7/+#&%-)+"./8$+7/"1+ "./8+7l++/7+o76+ 47//)&3+$6.3&9)$+#/E+"./