422 Networking: A Beginner’s Guide intranet, 28 intruder detection, 145 IP. See Internet Protocol IP address, 92, 93, 94–96 Fedora Linux, 329, 329 static, 299 with virtual machine, 379 with Windows Server 2008, 238–239, 243 IP Next Generation, 95 IP packet, 90, 92, 93, 94 with VoIP, 104–105 IPSec. See Internet Protocol Security IPX. See Internet Protocol Exchange IPX protocol, 106 Is commands, 337, 337 ISDN. See Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN-based DSL (IDSL), 84 ISO. See International Standards Organization ISP. See Internet service provider IT. See information technology IT department narrative, 396 access management, 398–399 change control in, 399–400, 411–413 disaster recovery plan, 397–398, 402–405 server maintenance, 405–407 system account management, 407–411 system maintenance, 399 terminations, 399 Itanium series, 178 ITU. See International Telecommunications Union J jobs, 8 Juniper Networks, 136 K Kbps. See thousands of bits per second kernel, 310 KHz. See thousands of hertz kill program, 354–355 kilobit, 12 kilobyte, 12 L L2TP. See Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LAN. See local area network LAN Manager HOSTS (LMHOSTS), 107 laser printers, 24 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP), 134 layers, 18 application, 32 data-link, 30 network, 30–31 Open Systems Interconnection model, 29, 30–32 seven-layer model, 28–32 sublayers, 30, 71, 72 LDAP. See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol leaf object, 112 leases, 100 least-significant digit, 12 license, 25 per server, 230, 231 Windows Terminal Services, 305 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), 115, 117–119 Linear Tape-Open (LTO), 168, 169 Linux, 21. See also Fedora Linux command line, 331–333 directory, 338, 339 host with, 100 SUSE, 308 live cd, 384, 385 LLC. See logical link control sublayer LMHOSTS. See LAN Manager HOSTS ln command, 342–343 local area network (LAN), 27 packets on, 31 switches for, 71 LocalTalk, 106 log in Fedora Linux, 319, 320 hours, 259, 261 security, 259–260, 261, 262 user list, 356 VMware Server, 370 Log On To feature, 260–262 logging, 311 logic bomb, 154 logical, 44 logical link control (LLC) sublayer, 30 logon name, 256 long-distance charge, 130 loopback address, 95–96 Lotus Notes, 26 LTO. See Linear Tape-Open M MAC. See media access control sublayer Macintosh platform, 200 protocols of, 105, 106 mailboxes, 26 e-mail, 278 Exchange Server 2010, 286–294, 291, 292, 293 maintenance in IT department narrative, 399 network, 6 server, 194, 405–407 system, 399 with virtualization, 367 Man pages, 335, 336 managers, 4 423 Index mapping, 271 MAU. See multistation access unit Mbps. See millions of bits per second McCool, Rob, 360 media access control (MAC) sublayer, 30 bridges with, 71, 72 Meinel, Carolyn P., 156 member server, 230 MHz. See millions of hertz microprocessors, 72 Microsoft. See also Exchange Server 2010 Access, 199 Active Directory, 113, 114, 116–117, 248, 248, 300–301 Customer Experience Improvement Program, 282–283, 284 Exchange, 26 Exchange Server, 129 Hardware Compatibility List of, 190, 225–226 Hyper-V, 367 LDAP terms, 118 Management Console, 300, 301 Novell and, 205 Outlook, 129 Outlook Web Access, 291–293, 294 protocols of, 105–106 Windows Small Business Server 2008, 26 millions of bits per second (Mbps), 15 millions of hertz (MHz), 15 MIME. See Multipurpose Internet Message Encoding mirroring, 183 mkdir command, 346 mknod command, 338 modem, 82 international use of, 131 remote access with, 130 speed of, 131 modem farm, 130 monolithic application, 122 more command, 349 most-significant digit, 12 motherboards, 164 multimaster model, 113, 116 Multipurpose Internet Message Encoding (MIME), 102 multistation access unit (MAU), 41 mv command, 342 N named pipes, 338 naming, Fedora Linux, 313, 313 naming model, 118 narrative, 396–397 narrow traveler, 123–124, 124 NAT. See network address translation National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), 360 NCSA. See National Center for Supercomputing Applications Neoteris, 136 NET command, 271 NetBEUI. See Network Basic Input/Output System Extended User Interface NetBIOS. See Network Basic Input/Output System netid. See network ID NetNews. See Usenet NetScreen, 136 NetWare, 146, 180, 190, 191, 193, 205 NetWare 4.x, 115 network applications, 212–214 backbone, 219 bandwidth for, 212, 215 capabilities, 5 design process, 210–211 diagram of, 397 equipment, 6 Ethernet, 217 experience with, 211 extension of, 67, 67 fallback plan for, 210–211 growth of, 217–218 maintenance, 6 needs assessment for, 211–218 safety, 216–217 security, 28, 216–217 services, 215–216 storage, 213, 215 structure, 218–220 support by, 6 type, 218 undersized, 5 unreliable, 5 users, 214–215 network adapter, 378, 378, 379 bridged, 379 NAT, 379–380 network address translation (NAT), 74, 379–380 network architect/designer, 7 Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS), 106–107 Network Basic Input/Output System Extended User Interface (NetBEUI), 106 Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) Names, 106–107 network cable, 30 network clients, 36 network engineer, 7 Network File System (NFS), 350 network ID (netid), 96 network interface card (NIC), 24, 30, 49 consistency with, 203 for desktop computer, 204–205 for SOHO networking, 61 network layer, 30–31 424 Networking: A Beginner’s Guide Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), 102 in IIS, 303 network operating system (NOS), 21, 176 installation of, 192–193 by network, 220 network printing, 272, 273 setup, 273–275 network relationships, 18 network segment, 38 network topology, 38 network workstation, 36 NIC for, 204–205 software, 205 network-based firewall, 74 NFS. See Network File System nibble, 12 NIC. See network interface card NNTP. See Network News Transfer Protocol nonplenum cable, 53 normal files, 337 NOS. See network operating system notification, 165 Novell BorderManager, 135 eDirectory, 113, 114, 115 Microsoft and, 205 NetWare, 146, 180, 190, 191, 193, 205 protocols of, 105, 106 NT File System (NTFS), 229 NTFS. See NT File System numbering systems, 12–14, 15 O objectives, 4 octal numbering system, 14 off-site storage, 165–166, 168 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, 16, 28–29 layers of, 29, 30–32 operating system guest, 366, 374, 375, 385 host, 366 for SOHO networking, 61 Opteron, 179 Oracle, 20 OSI. See Open Systems Interconnection model Outlook Web Access, 291–293, 294 outputs, 5 ownership, 339 P packet, 90 packet filtering, 74, 150 packet layer, 31 packet protocols, 30–31 packet-switched link, 79–80 PAN. See personal area network partition, 44 by directory service, 114 by hub, 68 partitioning Fedora Linux, 310–311, 314–315, 315 WAN, 114 password, 6 changing, 254, 257 definition, 408 Fedora Linux, 327, 328 in IT department narrative, 398 mixed-case, 145 options, 257–258 policy for, 409–410 security of, 144–146 strategies, 326 usability of, 146 Windows Server 2008, 240, 254, 257–258, 258 patch cable, 49 payment, 55 PC platform, 200–201 pcAnywhere, 26 PCAOB. See Public Company Accounting Oversight Board PDC. See primary domain controller peer-to-peer network, 18, 19 client/server network or, 20–23 cons, 21–22 dedicated computer, 19 pros, 21 pension fund blackout, 392 performance, 130 client/server network, 22 periodic report, 392 permissions, 147–148 with AP process, 400–401 assigned, 144 form for, 398 Linux, 340, 340–341, 341 no access, 269 for Windows Server 2008, 269 per-seat licensing, 230, 231 per-server licensing, 230, 231 personal area network (PAN), 27 personal loans, 393 perspective, corporate, 4–6 phoneline networks, 62 physical, 44 physical layer, 30 PID. See process identification number PING command, 363 pipes, named, 346 plain old telephone service (POTS), 81–82 bandwidth of, 84 platform choice of, 198–200 cost analysis for, 200 desktop computer, 198–200 Macintosh, 200 PC, 200–201 programming language by, 199 425 Index plenum cable, 53 plenum space, 53 plug and play (PnP), 228 PnP. See plug and play Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), 133 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol(PPTP), 134 ports, 91, 92 positions, of numbers, 12 POTS. See plain old telephone service power, requirements, 366 powerline networks, 62 PowerPC, 179 PPP. See Point-to-Point Protocol PPTP. See Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol presentation layer, 31 PRI. See Primary Rate Interface primary domain controller (PDC), 115, 230 Primary Rate Interface (PRI), 82, 83 primary/backup model, 113 print directory, 347 print driver, 272 print job, 272 print queue, 24, 272 print server, 24–25, 272 print working directory, 347 printer, 24 printer leaf object, 113 printer pooling, 275 printer sharing, 24, 274 in SOHO networking, 60 printf, 335 printing environment variables, 333–334 network, 272, 273, 273–275 private network, 81 process identification number (PID), 354 process manipulation, 351 processes listing of, 351, 351–352, 352, 353, 354 UNIX, 351 processing, server, 176–179 processors multiple, 176–178 speed of, 178 virtual machine, 375 Windows, 176, 177 Windows Server 2008, 226 productivity, 254 programming language, 199 router, 73 properties dialog box, 205, 206 hub, 68–69 virtual hard disk, 377, 385 protocol, 90. See also individual protocols proprietary, 105–107 router and, 72 proxy server, 150 ps command, 351, 351–352, 352, 353, 354, 362 Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), 390 public network, 81 pwd command, 347 Q QoS. See quality of service quality of service (QoS), 105 R RADSL. See Rate-adaptive DSL RAID. See redundant array of independent disks RAM. See random access memory random access memory (RAM), 177 allocation of, 374, 375 error checking and correction, 180, 181 nonparity, 180 parity-based, 180–181 server, 180–181, 190–191 for virtual machine, 373, 374, 375 VMware Server, 374 Windows Server 2008, 226 RAS. See remote access service Rate-adaptive DSL (RADSL), 84 RBOC. See regional Bell operating company RDNs. See relative distinguished names read only, 147, 148 rebuild kit, 195 Red Hat, 308, 309 reduced instruction set computer (RISC) type, 72 redundancy, 21 backup, 168 client/server network, 22 directory service, 111, 113 server, 33 of switches, 71 redundant array of independent disks (RAID), 163, 168, 182 Raid 0, 183, 184 Raid 1, 183, 184, 184 Raid 2, 184 Raid 3, 184, 185, 185 Raid 4, 185 Raid 5, 185, 186 Raid 6, 185 hot-swap configuration of, 187 levels of, 183, 183–184, 184, 185, 185, 186, 186 reference count, 338 referral, 119 regional Bell operating company (RBOC), 83 registrars, 95 relative distinguished names (RDNs), 118 reliability client/server network, 22 desktop computer, 201 network, 5 426 Networking: A Beginner’s Guide Reliability and Performance Monitor, 276 remote access, 27. See also Windows Apache web server, 363 bandwidth for, 126–127 dedicated, 26 modem use for, 130 with monolithic application, 122 needs, 126 security with, 151 session, 123 with short-haul modem, 75 virtual private network for, 132, 132–134 remote access service (RAS), 26 remote control connection, 128–129 remote control program, 26 Remote Desktop, 242 remote node connection, 128, 129 Windows Terminal Services or, 304 remote office group, 124, 125 remote office user, 124, 125 remove directory, 346–347 repeaters, 41, 66, 67 replacement cost of, 202 disaster recovery list, 166, 398 server, 193 replication, 113 Requests for Comments (RFCs), 118 resources, 111 in SOHO networking, 60 virtualization efficiency with, 366 Windows Terminal Services with, 304 RFCs. See Requests for Comments RG-56, 36 RG-58, 36, 48 RG-58/U, 52 RG-58A/U, 52 ring topology, 44, 45 RISC. See reduced instruction set computer type RJ-45 connector, 49–50, 50, 51, 51 rmdir command, 346–347 roles, 147–148 root account, 313–314, 324, 327, 328 kill command from, 355 switching identity as, 356–357 root entry, 112 rotation, 169–172 router, 28, 31, 34, 66, 73 hub, 68 programming of, 73 protocol and, 72 wide area network, 72 Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS), 301, 302 row locking, 24 RS-232C device, 75 Ryan, Tony, 158 S safety, 216–217 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), 8–9, 144 compliance testing, 400–401 download of, 390 sample procedures with, 400–413 Section 301, 391 Section 302, 392 Section 303, 392 Section 304, 392 Section 305, 392 Section 306, 392 Section 307, 393 Section 308, 393 Section 401, 393 Section 402, 393 Section 403, 393–394 Section 404, 8–9, 393, 395 Section 405, 394 Section 406, 394 Section 407, 394 Section 408, 394 Section 409, 394 Title I: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 390 Title II: Auditor Independence, 391 Title III: Corporate Responsibility, 391–392 Title IV: Enhanced Financial Disclosures, 393 Title IX: White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancements, 395 Title V: Analyst Conflicts of Interest, 394 Title VI: Commission Resources and Authority, 394 Title VII: Studies and Reports, 394 Title VIII: Corporate and Criminal Fraud Accountability Act of 2002, 395 Title X: Corporate Tax Returns, 395 Title XI: Corporate Fraud Accountability, 395 SASL. See Simple Authentication and Security Layer SATA. See Serial Advanced Technology Attachment Sayan, Karanjit, 156 scaling, 217–218 schema, 118 scope, 100 security group, 266–267 TCP/IP, 298, 299 SCSI. See Small Computer Systems Interface SCSI controller, 378 SCSI-1, 181 SCSI-2, 181 SDSL. See Symmetric DSL Seattle, City of, 158–160 SEC. See U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 101, 135–136, 136, 137–138, 138, 139 Securities Act of 1934, 392 . Fraud Accountability Act of 2002, 395 Title X: Corporate Tax Returns, 395 Title XI: Corporate Fraud Accountability, 395 SASL. See Simple Authentication and Security Layer SATA. See Serial Advanced. 105 R RADSL. See Rate-adaptive DSL RAID. See redundant array of independent disks RAM. See random access memory random access memory (RAM), 177 allocation of, 374, 375 error checking and correction,. 338 naming, Fedora Linux, 313, 313 naming model, 118 narrative, 396–397 narrow traveler, 123–124, 124 NAT. See network address translation National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA),