Lowe, Joseph, 526, 701, 713, 1078 Lowenthal, Esther, 480 Loyd, Samuel Jones, see Overstone Loyo, G., 210 Lubbock, John William, 705 Lucas, Charles P., 399 Lugo, Juan de, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101 Lundberg, Erik, 966, 1085, 1173, 1183 Lutz, Friedrich, 739, 1123 Luxemburg, Rosa, 880–82, 1132 Ly, Siou Y., 53 Lyell, Sir Charles, 445 Mabillon, Jean, 123 Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de, 139, 140 Macaulay, T.B., 216, 424, 426, 430, 432 Macgregor, David Hutchison, 859 Mach, Ernst, 5, 16, 509, 776 Machlup, Fritz, 1038, 1076 Maclaren, James, 716 Macleod, H.D., 175, 670, 718, 1115 McCulloch, John Ramsay, 157, 381, 470–71, 476–9, 486–7, 515, 519, 521–2, 559, 581, 585, 595, 599, 657, 669, 683, 703, 726, 733, 737 McDougall, William, 799 McVane, Silas Marcus, 639, 926 McVicker, John, 515 Maddison, Sir Ralph, 364 Maimonides, Moses, 87 Maine, Henry James Sumner, 427, 782, 822 Maitland, Frederic William, 782 Malestroict, Jehan Cherruyt de, 166, 311 Mallock, William Hurrell, 789 Malthus, Thomas Robert, and Godwin, 140, 579n; and Ortes, 178; and Smith, 191, 472, 482, 484; and Quesnay, 234; on human perfectability, 257; Marx and, 480n, 481; and Keynes, 481, 483, 582, 622, 623, 641n, 890n; recognition of maximization problem, 481; monetary analysis, 482, 483; general gluts, 482, 538–9; and Chalmers, 487; and Mill, 530; and Ricardo, 536n, 538–9, 625n, 677, 1054n; model of growth, 566, 570–72; distribution theory, 568; and Senior, 580–81; value theory, 600, 601n, 602, 1054n; supply and demand schedules, 602; international trade theory, 610–11, 733; Index of authors 1192 on Say’s Law, 622, 623, 740; aggregate demand, 623; savings and investment, 623, 641n, 724, 740; capital concept, 634; interest theory, 656; stagnation thesis, 740; money as numéraire and exchange medium, 1087; consumption function, 1176. See also Malthusian Theory of Population Malynes, Gerard de, 251, 314, 344–6, 350, 353, 355, 364–6, 737 Mandeville, Bernard de, 184, 325 Manfra, Modestino Remigio, 178 Mangoldt, Hans Karl Emil von, 503, 519, 556, 607, 646, 679, 893–4, 935, 990–91 Manley, Thomas, 328–9 Mann, Fritz Karl, 204 Mannheim, Karl, 33, 37 Mantoux, Paul, 149, 271, 821 Marcet, Jane, 477, 649, 668 Marget, Arthur W., 276, 317, 322, 698, 705–6, 710, 718, 1020, 1080, 1108, 1115 Mariana, Juan de, 96 Marlo, Karl, see Winkelblech, Karl George Márquez, Javier, 165 Marschak, Jacob, 907, 970, 993 Marshall, Alfred, use of ‘economics,’ 21; conception of Noble Life, 129n; and Smith, 189, 307–8, 833–5, 837, 838, 892; savings and investment, 325; international trade theory, 351, 374, 609, 1106; and Kant, 412n, 780; on Thünen, 465, 467, 837; acknowledgment of others’ work, 474, 839; and Ricardo, 475, 529, 592–3, 594–5, 674n, 678–9, 837, 838, 921n, 934, 1078–9; on Hermann, 503; economic development theory, 543, 892–3, 1165; and Mill, 570, 747, 837, 838, 892; Malthusian principle, 582, 890; Say’s Law and, 622; monetary theory, 720n, 1075, 1078–9, 1083–4, 1087–8, 1099, 1108–9; business cycle, 747; taxation, 765, 945, 1070n; laissezfaire, 765, 888, 985, 986; socialism, 765, 833n, 888; life sketch, 834–40; and Walras, 837, 839, 952; econometrics, 840; economic sociology, 889; statistics, 962, 1093; consumers’ rent, 1061–2, 1070; welfare economics, 1069–70 Distribution theory: marginal productivity, 920–24, 941–2, 996n, 1032–3, 1042–3; wage theory, 923–4, 940, 943; Index of authors 1193 interest theory, 638–9, 659, 720n, 926, 1083; rent theory, 671n, 674n, 934, 935, 937; profits, 646, 720n, 893–4, 1045, 1048–9; quasirent, 634n, 647, 671n, 678–9, 894, 995, 1045 Methodology: partial analysis, 836, 959, 990–98; general analysis, 483, 836, 920n, 994, 995, 996; statics, 836–7, 966, 1161; dynamics, 840; stationary state, 966; macroanalysis, 997; role of time, 995n, 1029n, 1045, 1172 representative firm, 997n, 1045; merger of business and general economics, 945; role of theory, 954n Production theory: factors of production, 557, 1000n; and Mill’s, 570; increasing and decreasing returns, 259, 585, 587, 1070n; real cost theory, 660, 923–4, 1057; prime and supplementary costs, 1045; increasing and decreasing costs, 892, 982, 985, 1045, 1070n; internal and external economics, 568, 995n, 1045, 1046; monopoly theory, 960, 977–8, 1049; oligopoly theory, 982, 983, 984, 985; monopolistic competition in, 840, 975, 1150; pure competition, 972, 974, 986; Keynes on, 1045–6; loose ends in, 1045; substitution, 917n, 995 Value theory: normal price, 189, 592–3; on Smith’s, 307–8; supply-demand theory, 482, 921–2; and Ricardo’s, 594–5, 837, 919, 921n; marginal utility theory, 826, 836, 837, 910, 919, 921–4, 1056–7, 1060, 1061–2, 1071; law of satiable wants, 910; on Jevons’ and Austrians’, 920–24; on utilitarianism in, 1056–7; demand analysis, 991–2, 996 Marshall, Dorothy, 271 Marshall, Mary Paley, 834 Marsilius of Padua, 92 Martello, Tullio, 1081 Martínez de la Mata, Francisco, 168, 170 Marx, Karl, idealogical bias in, 35–8, 439; on semi-socialists, 139; on Petty, 210n; and Quesnay, 238, 391, 566n; difficulty of subdividing work, 383–4; life sketch, 386n; erudition in, 387; Index of authors 1194 early achievement of essentials, 388–9; and Smith, 309, 389, 648–9; and Hegel, 392, 414, 438; on bourgeois radicalism, 395, 455n, 559n; sociology, 389, 433, 439, 440; and Ricardo, 390, 595n, 596–8, 649, 654, 681, 682n, 683, 685; on Utopian socialism, 454–5, 480; and Proudhon, 457; Hodgskin as precursor, 479; on Malthus, 481, 583, 651; on Ramsay, 488; on Say, 491, 628n; and Rodbertus, 506; and Roscher, 508; on Mill, 531; effect on Sombart, 818; Bortkiewicz on, 851n, 933n; and Tugan-Baronowsky, 1126n. See also Marxist System Mason, Edward S., 456, 461, 471, 612 Mason, Otis Tufton, 787 Massie, Joseph, 184, 331, 375 Mataja, Victor, 895 Matthias, Johann, 202 Maunier, René, 786 Maurer, Georg Ludwig von, 426 Mauvillon, Jakob, 224, 228 Maverick, L.A., 224 Mayo-Smith, Richmond, 1089 Medina, Juan de, 101, 272 Mehring, Franz, 386, 389 Meitzen, August, 810 Melon, Jean François, 174, 299 Mendel, Gregor Johann, 444 Menger, Anton, 480 Menger, Carl, and Galiani, 301; on methodology, 777, 814; and Mill and Smith, 827, 892; life sketch, 827; and Marshall, 837; and Böhm-Bawerk, 844, 845, 846–7; and Wicksell, 862; monetary analysis, 1085–6 Distribution theory: marginal analysis in, 912–13, 915, 916, 941–2; substitution in, 917n, 995n; wage theory, 940; interest theory, 656n, 846, 925; rent theory, 934 Production theory: capital concept, 846, 899, 901 Value theory: Index of authors 1195 marginal utility in, 301, 813, 827, 837, 848, 910, 912–13, 918, 984, 1055–6, 1060; and Galiani’s, 301; Wieser and, 848; in barter economy, 911; and Schmoller, 813; on isolated exchange, 984 Menger, Karl, 587, 588, 1037 Menghin, Oswald, 786 Mercado, Tomás de, 95, 101 Mercier de la Rivière, P P., 223, 225 Mering, Otto, 615 Messedaglia, A., 511, 519, 583, 856–7, 1081 Metzler, Lloyd A., 1009, 1149, 1184 Meunier, Francis, 95 Meyer, Rob., 898 Mill, James, 254, 408, 412, 429, 432, 436, 447, 470–72, 476, 478, 491, 519, 527–8, 536, 559, 560, 570–71, 581, 592, 595, 621, 637, 641, 648, 657, 663, 668–9, 676, 683, 703, 795 Mill, John Stuart, associationist psychology, 120, 447, 450, 529n; empiricism, 121; savings and investment, 325, 572, 573, 620–21, 641, 642, 643, 659, 724–5, 747; role in classical period, 380, 444n, 527, 533; role in neo-classical period, 849, 887, 889; philosophical radicalism, 395, 430, 528; and utilitarianism, 408, 411, 430, 457, 528, 775; and socialism, 457, 531, 532; life sketch, 527–33; value judgments, 541; economic sociology, 532, 887, 889; theory of economic development, 542, 543, 571, 572, 640–41, 662, 685; on laissez-faire, 548; on justice, 547n; population theory, 571, 581; cost theory, 603–4, 660, 676n, 917; business cycle analysis, 747 Distribution theory: divorce from production theory, 543; interest theory, 530, 603, 639, 654, 659, 660, 662, 720n; profits theory, 646, 893, 894; rent theory, 560–61, 604, 671–2, 673n, 675, 676, 677; wage theory, 546, 641–3, 667n, 669–71, 685 Filiations with: Turgot, 325, 642; Smith, 189, 545, 642; Ricardo, 475, 478, 487, 529, 530, 560–61, 570, 603, 604, 654, 676, 677, 710; Malthus, 530, 581; Marx, 531, 747; Say, 529–30, 569, 620–21, 654; Senior, 484, 530, 569, 654; Thornton, 719, 722, 733; Cairnes, 533–4; Rae, 469; Porter, 521n; Index of authors 1196 Jevons, 826; Marshall, 570, 837, 838, 921, 1083n; Menger, 827; Wicksell, 863 International trade theory: infant-industry argument, 505; reciprocal demand, 608–9, 611–15; monetary aspects, 731–3; unilateral payments, 738, 1107 Methodology: statics and dynamics, 417, 563; stationary state, 562; deduction, 452, 537; historical relativity, 544; equilibrium, 563, 609, 623; isolation and abstraction, 537–8; common experience, 577; expectations, 721n, 747 Monetary theory: metallist, 289; on free coinage, 298; on hoarding, 620, 622, 705; summarizer of previous work, 689–90; credit in, 699n, 704, 718n, 720n, 722, 726, 747; distrust of index numbers, 701; cost of gold and value of money, 702; quantity theory, 704–5, 711; lack of originality, 706; as bullionist, 710–11, 1083n; on monetary management schemes, 715; in international trade theory, 731–2, 733, 738; as imperfectly systematized, 1080; Marshall’s and, 1083n. See also, above, Distribution theory, interest theory Production theory: divorce from distribution theory, 543; competition in, 545n, 546, 976n; entrepreneur in, 556–7; 3-factor schema, 560; capital, 561, 632n, 640–45, 659; and Say’s, Senior’s, Ricardo’s, Marshall’s, 569–70; law of diminishing returns in, 581, 672; and Walras’, 1010n Value theory: necessary price, 189; compromise between Ricardo’s and Say’s, 530; failure to present first, 542–3; customary prices, 546; definition of value, 589; defects in, 603; and Ricardo’s, 603, 604; utility and difficulty of attainment, 603, 912n; Index of authors 1197 cost-of-production theory, 603; supply-demand theory, 603–4; and international trade theory, 611–15; elimination of rent from, 673n Works: Autobiography, 528; Essays on Some Unsettled Questions, 529; On Liberty, 430, 528; Logic, 449–52, 529, 530; Principles, 382n, 444n, 449–51, 521n, 527–8, 530, 541–4; Representative Government, 430 Miller, Harry E., 718, 739, 745 Millerand, Alexandre, 762 Milles, Thomas, 344, 362 Mills, John, 743 Mints, Lloyd Wynn, 718, 729, 1111 Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, 175, 218, 223, 225, 227, 231, 239, 255, 256 Mises, Ludwig von, 63, 288, 701, 745, 844, 989, 1076, 1086–7, 1090, 1099, 1120–22, 1154, 1164 Misselden, Edward, 345–6, 350, 353, 355, 358, 361, 365 Mitchell, W.C., 1092, 1104, 1123–4, 1163–6 Mitscherlich, Eilhard Alfred, 588 Mixter, Charles Whitney, 469, 846 Modigliani, Franco, 1023, 1179, 1180, 1182 Mohl, Robert von, 159, 381 Moivre, Abraham de, 960 Molina, Luis de, 95–9, 101, 103, 105–6, 109–10, 112 Molinaeus, see Dumoulin, Charles Molinari, Gustave de, 661, 841, 866 Mollien, François Nicolas, Comte, 402 Mombert, Paul, 584 Mommsen, Theodor, 425–6 Moncada, Sancho de, 168 Monroe, A.E., 95, 170, 194, 198, 239, 311 Montanari, Augusto, 179 Montanari, Geminiano, 292, 314 Montchrétien, Antoyne, 167, 359 Montesquieu, Charles Louis, 135, 136, 137, 184, 232, 253, 297, 389, 434, 537, 706 Moore, Henry Ludwell, 213, 876–7, 956, 958, 961–2, 967, 973, 994, 1133, 1161 Morandi, Carlo, 164 More, Sir Thomas, 206, 207, 305, 326, 979 Morellet, André, 123, 138, 389 Moret, Jacques, 957 Morgan, Conwy Lloyd, 797 Morgan, Edward Victor, 690 Morgan, Lewis Henry, 787 Morgenstern, Oskar, 305, 381, 1140 Morley, John Morley, Viscount, 398–9, 403 Morrow, G.R., 183 Mortimer, John, 157 Moser, Johann Jakob, 159 Möser, Justus von, 172 Müller, Adam Heinrich, 421–2, 428 Index of authors 1198 Müller, Johannes Peter, 446, 796 Mun, Sir Thomas, 196, 283, 314, 337, 350, 351, 353, 356–8, 361, 363–5, 764 Muratori, Ludovico Antonino, 364 Myrdal, Gunnar, 1085, 1117, 1173 Nasse, Erwin, 1104 Nazzani, Emilio, 512 Nearing, Scott, 947 Nef, John U., 148 Neisser, Hans, 1109 Nell-Breuning, Ostwald von, 765 Neuman, John von, 305, 968, 1140 Newcomb, Simon, 865–6, 1108, 1115 Newmarch, William, 520, 524, 690 Newton, Isaac, 5, 20, 30, 118, 185, 990 Neymarck, Alfred, 248 Nichol, A.J., 958 Nicholls, Sir George, 271 Nicholson, J.S., 533, 830, 1076, 1081 Nicolini, Fausto, 300 Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 426 Nitti, Francesco Saverio, 764 Nitzsch, Karl Wilhelm, 783 Nogaro, Bertrand, 1104 Nordenskiöld, Erik, 788 Norman, George Warde, 726, 745 North, Sir Dudley, 184, 196, 231, 328, 363, 365, 369–70, 375–6 North, Roger, 275 Norton, John Pease, 1080 Novalis, see Hardenberg, Friedrich von Nowak, Jerzy, 349 Obrecht, Georg von, 165 O’Brien, G.A.T., 83, 516, 534, 655, 716 O’Connor, Michael J.L., 514 Oertman, Paul, 70 Ohlin, B., 612, 732, 1085, 1107, 1173, 1178 Oncken, August, 225, 228, 244 Opie, Redvers, 486 Oppenheimer, Franz, 140, 458, 583, 854–6, 890, 935, 965, 1154 Oresme, Nicole, 94, 99, 100 Ortes, G., 177, 178, 255, 259, 272, 293, 586 Ortiz, Luiz, 165, 194, 209 Osorio, Antonio, 957 Osse, Melchior von, 16; Ostwald, Wilhelm, 388 Otte, Gerhard, 939 Overstone, Samuel Jones Loyd, 699–700, 704, 725–7, 739, 742–6, 1123 Owen, Robert, 455, 506 Paccioli, Luca, 156 Index of authors 1199 Paley, William, 131, 256 Palgrave, R.H.Inglis, 690, 1080 Palmer, John Horsley, 697–8, 744 Palmieri, Giuseppe, 177 Palmieri, Mattheo, 162, 202 Pantaleoni, Maffeo, 510, 512, 829, 856–7, 859, 956, 967, 1082 Paoletti, Ferdinando, 373 Papillon, Thomas, 361 Paracelsus, see Hohenheim, T.B.von Pareto, Vilfredo, and Sorel, 774n; Mind and Society, 759n; and Walras, 829, 858, 860–61, 888n, 952, 1062, 1142; pointed beyond self, 840, 962, 1148, 1160; and Austrian school, 850; Paretian school, 855, 858; sociology of, 859; law of income distribution, 859, 961; indifference curves, 859, 1044; life sketch, 859–61; as peculiar liberal, 860, 888; as positivist and laicist, 860; value theory, 860; economic man in, 887n; interest theory, 925, 968; rent theory, 938n, 1050; impression of originality, 953n; on statistical implementation of theory, 962; on competition, 972n, 973, 986; duopoly, 981n, 982n; theory of socialism, 986, 987; on partial analyses, 991; on cardinal and ordinal utility, 1003, 1062, 1063–4, 1142; on marginal productivity, 1035, 1039; on interpersonal comparisons, 1071; and modern theory of consumers’ behavior, 1148; and dynamics, 1160 Parieu, Félix Esquitou de, 1075–6 Parsons, Talcott, 80, 889 Paterson, William, 376 Patinkin, D., 1023 Patten, Simon Nelson, 876 Paulus, Julius, 70, 311 Pearson, Karl, 776, 790, 961 Pecchio, Giuseppe, 512 Peel, Sir Robert, 155, 398, 399, 616, 693–5, 699–700, 711, 718, 723, 725–31 Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci, 156 Péreire, Jacob Émile, 295, 321, 462 Péreire, Isaac, 295, 321, 462 Peri, Giovanni Domenico, 157 Persons, Warren M., 1165 Perwuschin, S.A., 1155, 1158 Pesch, Heinrich, S.J., 765 Index of authors 1200 Petrarca, Francesco (Petrarch), 162 Petty, Sir William, as a theorist, 211; unoriginality of, 213; on velocity of money, 213, 316–17; income analysis, 213; relation of land and labor values, 214; on value, 214; on division of labor, 214; interest theory, 215, 329; on produced means of production, 217n; and Cantillon, 218; population theory, 219, 251, 253, 256, 258; rent theory, 264; wage theory, 267; metallist theory of money, 290; on seignorage, 298; protectionism and unemployment, 350; export surplus and multiplier, 359; use of term ‘cycle,’ 742n Petyt, William, 197, 251, 347, 350 Peuchet, Jacques, 138 Pfeiffer, Johann Friedrich von, 228 Phelps Brown, E.H., see Brown, E.H.Phelps Philanglus, see Petyt, William Philippovich, Eugen von, 241, 547, 844, 850, 853, 948 Phillips, Chester Arthur, 1116 Phinney, J.T., 1101 Picard, Alfred Maurice, 949 Picard, Roger, 266 Pierson, Nicolas Gerard, 861, 931 Pierstorff, Julius, 895 Pietri-Tonelli, Alfonso de, 858, 859 Pigou, A.C., 351, 650, 703, 790, 833, 834, 859, 942, 943–6, 948–9, 956, 966, 976, 978, 983, 986, 994, 1045, 1047, 1069–70, 1084, 1090, 1099, 1106, 1116, 1125, 1135, 1144, 1151, 1164 Pinto, Isaac de, 327 Pirenne, Henri, 83 Pirou, Gaëtan, 843, 857, 859 Place, Francis, 453, 581 Plato, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 206, 207 Playfair, William, 526 Plekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich, 878 Pliny the Elder, 67 Pöhlmann, Robert von, 55 Poincaré, Jules Henri, 15, 776, 828, 1055 Poisson, Simeon-Denis, 448, 961 Pollexfen, John, 184, 196, 242, 329, 346–7, 350, 363–4, 719 Pollock, Sir Frederick, 107 Porta, Giovanna Battista della, 158 Porter, George R., 521 Postlethwayt, Malachy, 157, 184, 372 Potter, Robert, 275 Potter, William, 284, 294 Index of authors 1201 . Methodology: partial analysis, 836, 959, 990–98; general analysis, 483, 836, 920n, 994, 995, 996; statics, 836–7, 966, 1161; dynamics, 840; stationary state, 966; macroanalysis, 997; role of time,. summarizer of previous work, 689–90; credit in, 699n, 704, 718n, 720n, 722, 726, 747; distrust of index numbers, 701; cost of gold and value of money, 702; quantity theory, 704–5, 711; lack of originality,. Index of authors 1200 Petrarca, Francesco (Petrarch), 162 Petty, Sir William, as a theorist, 211; unoriginality of, 213; on velocity of money, 213, 316–17; income analysis, 213; relation of