382 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide 1. According to the following figure, what version of controller code is in use? a. 5.0.148.0 b. 192.168.1.50 c. +38 C d. 4.1.2.60 (Mesh) 2. What do you choose to verify the version of hardware? a. Controller > General b. Controller > Inventory c. Management > Summary d. Monitor > Summary 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 382 Chapter 19: Maintaining Wireless Networks 383 3. Which statement about the following figure is true? a. The AP being viewed is the Lobby-AP. b. The AP is running in autonomous mode. c. The AP has a static IP address. d. The AP is running software version 5.0.148.0. 4. Which extension is used in controller upgrade files? a. .bin b. .exe c. .cfg d. .aes 5. Which protocols are used to upgrade a controller? (Choose two.) a. FTP b. TFTP c. HTTP d. SCP 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 383 6. What does an AP do if a controller is running a higher version of software? a. It does nothing; they don’t need to be the same. b. It automatically upgrades to the same version as the controller. c. It causes the controller to downgrade to the same version as the AP. d. It reboots continuously and keeps searching for a controller with the same version. 7. If an AP leaves one controller and associates with another, what does it check? a. The controller’s hardware version b. How many licenses the controller has c. The version the controller is running d. The version that other APs are running 8. The WCS is upgraded using what method? a. WCS code upgrade script b. FTP c. TFTP d. SCP 9. How do you save the controller’s configuration using the web interface? a. Choose Commands > Save. b. Click the Save Configuration link. c. Choose Commands > Copy-Run-Start. d. Choose Controllers > Save. 384 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 384 10. If you clicked the Upload button on the page shown in the following figure, what would happen? Chapter 19: Maintaining Wireless Networks 385 a. The controller software would get backed up to an FTP server. b. The controller configuration would be archived to an NFS server at the IP address 192.168.2.96. c. The controller configuration would be uploaded in clear text using a TFTP server. d. The controller configuration would be encrypted and uploaded to 192.168.2.96 using TFTP. 11. In what format is the controller configuration file? a. XML b. XHTML c. DHTML d. Clear text 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 385 386 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide Foundation Topics Upgrading a Controller Management tasks in the controller involve upgrading or downgrading images as well as managing configuration files. You can begin working with these files by verifying the ver- sion currently running on the controller. Figure 19-1 shows the MONITOR > Summary page, which indicates that the version of code on this particular controller is software ver- sion 4.1.192.17M (Mesh). 5.x is the current version of code, so you need to obtain the ver- sion you want to have loaded before performing the upgrade. You also need to know the hardware with which you are working. You can find the hard- ware information by choosing CONTROLLER > Inventory and verifying the platform. The platform used in this example is an AIR-WLC4402-12-K9, as shown in Figure 19-2. For the record, you might as well verify the AP hardware being used. To verify the AP software version, choose WIRELESS > All APs, and click the AP name you want to ver- ify. In Figure 19-3, the Lobby-AP has been selected. You see a configuration page with four tabs: ■ General ■ Inventory Figure 19-1 Verify the Controller Software Version Key Topi c 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 386 Chapter 19: Maintaining Wireless Networks 387 Figure 19-2 Verify the Hardware Version Figure 19-3 General Details for the Lobby-AP Key Topi c 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 387 388 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide Note Sometimes you have to upgrade through prior releases of software up to the version you ultimately want. This is because the older versions of code have a built-in TFTP client that does not support file transfers greater than 32 MB. The following URL is a good refer- ence for helping network engineers or administrators determine an upgrade path: http:/ /www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/ technologies_configuration_example09186a00805f381f.shtml. ■ Interfaces ■ Advanced The General tab displays the software (S/W) version, as shown in Figure 19-3. In the figure, the version on the AP is 4.1.192.17M (Mesh), which is the same version that is running on the controller. Selecting the Inventory tab displays the hardware version. In this case, the Lobby-AP is an AIR-AP1131AG-A-K9, as shown in Figure 19-4. Now you have all the version information you need to upgrade the controller software ver- sion. The next step is to determine which upgrade approach you will take. Controller Upgrade Approaches You can take two approaches when upgrading the controller. You can use the command- line interface (CLI), or you can use the web-based interface. To keep things simple, we will focus on the web interface method. Start by going to the Cisco Software Center (www.cisco.com/go/software) and download- ing the image you want to install. The image should have an .aes extension. This is a com- pressed archive file. Three files are included in the .aes compressed file: ■ RTOS: The controller’s Real-Time Operating System ■ CODE: Airwave Director, command-line interface, and the controller’s switch web interface ■ ppcboot.bin: The controller’s bootloader The next step is to place the .aes file on a TFTP server. Tftpd32 is a common TFTP server program that can you can obtain from http://tftpd32.jounin.net. As soon as the file is on the server, and the controller can reach the server, choose COMMANDS > Download File, as shown in Figure 19-5. You see the File Type drop-down. The file type is Code. Next, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, as well as the file path and filename. Click Download to begin the process. Key Topi c 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 388 Chapter 19: Maintaining Wireless Networks 389 Figure 19-4 AP Hardware Version Figure 19-5 Upgrade the Controller via the Web Interface Key Topi c 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 389 390 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide Figure 19-6 Verify the Upgrade of the Controller Note The ping utility is a Windows function, not a function or utility in WCS. To access the ping utility, you need to open a command prompt in Windows and enter the ping com- mand followed by the address you want to ping. As the transfer begins, the page continues to refresh every few seconds. The controller copies the file to RAM. When it’s finished, the controller puts the file in flash. The exist- ing image then becomes the backup image. As soon as the transfer is complete, you need to reboot the controller. You can click the link displayed on the Download file to Con- troller page. This redirects you to the Reboot page. After the reboot, log back in, and verify that the new code has been transferred. As shown in Figure 19-6, the software version has been successfully upgraded. Upgrade Using WCS You can also use WCS to upgrade the controller. Upgrading the controller also upgrades the APs, because they sync to the same code. To perform the upgrade, follow these steps: Step 1. Verify connectivity before you start the upgrade process. Use the ping utility from the WCS to be sure that the WCS server can contact the controller. Also, if you use an external TFTP server, ping it as well. 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 390 Chapter 19: Maintaining Wireless Networks 391 Step 2. Click Configure > Controllers to navigate to the All Controllers page. Step 3. Select the check box of the controller you want to upgrade. Choose Select a Command > Download Software, and click GO. WCS displays the Download Software to Controller page. Step 4. If you use the built-in WCS TFTP server, check the TFTP Server on WCS Sys- tem check box. If you use an external TFTP server, uncheck this check box and add the external TFTP server IP address. Step 5. Click Browse and navigate to the software update file. The files are uploaded to the root directory that was configured for use by the TFTP server. You can change to a different directory. Note You should always double-check the software file you plan to use for your con- troller. Selecting the wrong file can cause problems. Be sure that you have the correct soft- ware file for your controller. Step 6. Click Download. WCS downloads the software to the controller, and the con- troller writes the code to flash RAM. As WCS performs this function, it dis- plays its progress in the Status field. Upgrading an AP Upgrading an AP is pretty easy. In fact, if you followed the process described in the pre- ceding section, you are already done, because the AP synchronizes to the controller. Re- call that in Figure 19-3 you verified the version of AP software, and it was the same as the controller—version 4.1.192.17M (Mesh). After upgrading the controller to software ver- sion 5.0.148.0, you can again verify the client by choosing WIRELESS > All APs and clicking the AP name that you want to verify. In Figure 19-7, the Lobby-AP has been se- lected. According to the information in the Software Version field, it has been upgraded to version 5.0.148.0, matching that of the controller. Remember that after upgrading the soft- ware on the controller, the APs automatically upgrade their software as well, but only 20 APs can upgrade at any given time. Remember that APs synchronize to the controller. This means the following: ■ If the controller is a higher version, the AP upgrades. ■ If the controller is a lower version, the AP downgrades. ■ If the AP leaves one controller and associates with another, the AP checks the con- troller version and upgrades/downgrades as needed. Key Topi c 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 391 . 382 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide 1. According to the following figure, what version of controller code. Choose Commands > Copy-Run-Start. d. Choose Controllers > Save. 384 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 384 10. If you clicked the. XHTML c. DHTML d. Clear text 22_1587202115_ch19.qxp 9/29/08 2:46 PM Page 385 386 CCNA Wireless Official Exam Certification Guide Foundation Topics Upgrading a Controller Management tasks in the controller