Appendix C 676 Correct answer and explanation: D. Layer 5 switch. Layer 5 switches use information from the session layer, allowing it to route packets using Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect because an external transceiver is an external device, and thereby isn’t built onto the NIC. Answers C and D are incorrect because neither of these are types of transceivers. They are connectors used for connecting coaxial cable. You are looking into purchasing a new switch for your network. You 5. want the switch to be able to route packets of data based on the uniform resource locator included with the packet. Which switch type should you buy? A. Layer 2 switch B. Layer 3 switch C. Layer 4 switch D. Layer 5 switch Correct answer and explanation: D. Layer 5 switch. Layer 5 switches use information from the session layer, allowing it to route packets using Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect because Layer 2 switches work at the data link layer and look at the MAC address of the packet to determine where it is to be sent. Answer B is incor- rect because Layer 3 switches work at the network layer of the OSI model and have an integrated router function that allows it to make decisions as to where the data should be sent. Answer D is incorrect because Layer 4 switches use information in the packet that identifies the application it belongs to so that priorities can be set in routing the packets to the destina- tion computer. You have installed new cabling to accommodate a new section of 6. the building that is being networked. Once computers are installed, you find that they are unable to connect to the network. You believe the problem is that the length of the cabling has exceeded the maximum distance allowed. You want to fix the problem with the least amount of cost and work. Which of the following will you do? A. Remove the cabling and install cable that supports a longer distance. B. Install a passive hub to increase the distance that data can travel along the cable. Appendix C 677 C. Install a NIC to increase the distance that data can travel along the cable. D. Install a switch to increase the distance that data can travel along the cable. Correct answer and explanation: D. Install a switch to increase the dis- tance that data can travel along the cable. Switches can perform the same functions that repeaters used to by regenerating the data so that it is sent out from the switch at its original strength. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect because removing the cabling and replacing it with another kind is not only costly but a considerable amount of work. Answer B is incorrect because a passive hub won’t regenerate the data when it is sent out from its ports. Answer C is incorrect because a NIC is used as an interface to communicate on the network. It isn’t used as a means of regenerating data so that the network can be extended. What will happen if we have a routing table with the same route to 7. the same destination network? A. You cannot have the same route listed twice. B. You cannot have the same destination listed twice. C. The route with the closest router will be used. D. The route with the fewest number of hops will be used. Correct answer and explanation: D. The route with the fewest number of hops will be used. If a route claims, it can reach the destination in one fewer hop than another router, then that route will be used. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect because fault tolerant routes are a main advantage of routers if one route is unavailable. Answer B is incorrect for the same reason. Answer C is incor- rect because the cable distances aren’t taken into account, only the number of hops. What will happen if the default gateway is not specified on your 8. computer and you are trying to reach another network? A. The packet will ask every router if they know the path to reach the destination. B. The packet will broadcast for the IP address of the nearest router. C. The packet will be forwarded to the DNS server. D. The packet will not be sent. Appendix C 678 Correct answer and explanation: D. The packet will not be sent. Without that default gateway, you are stuck on the local network. The subnet mask, which you will learn about in the next chapter, is also very important. Without a prop- erly configured subnet mask to determine which subnet your computer is on, your computer will be unable to communicate outside of the local network. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and C. Answer A is incorrect because the PC will not know the addresses of the routers to send the data pack- ets to or even inquire about router addresses or destination addresses. Answer B is incorrect for the same reason. Answer C is incorrect because the DNS server is used for name-to-IP address resolution and not IP addresses of routers. You need to connect two networks that work on two different 9. network protocols. Which of the following should be used? A. DMZ B. Firewall C. Gateway D. NAS Correct answer and explanation: C. Gateway. If two networks work on different communication systems, they will not be able to talk to each other. A gateway functions as a translator between two dissimilar networks so that both are able to communicate. For example, if your Ethernet network is to be connected to a Token Ring network, you will need to have a gateway so that hosts in the two networks are able to communicate. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and D. Answer A is incorrect because a DMZ is a neutral network segment where systems accessible to the public Internet are housed, which offers some basic levels of protection against attacks. Answer B is incorrect because a firewall provides protection by filtering traffic from the external network to the internal network, and vice versa. Answer D is incorrect because a NAS is a system of devices that are dedicated to providing storage of data on the network. You have replaced all the hubs in your network with 10/100 Mbps 10. switches. The switch ports are configured to work by automatically sensing the network speed. Most of the workstations already had 10/100 Mbps network adapters. Which of the following will you need to do to upgrade the speed of the entire network to 100 Mbps? A. Replace all 10 Mbps network adapters to 10/100 Mbps in the remaining workstations. B. Reconfigure all the ports on the switch to operate only at 100 Mbps. Appendix C 679 C. Reconfigure the 10 Mbps adapters in remaining workstations to operate only at 100 Mbps. D. None of the above. Correct answer and explanation: A. Replace all 10 Mbps network adapt- ers to 10/100 Mbps in the remaining workstations. Because the switch ports are configured to automatically sense the network speed, the work- stations with 100 Mbps network adapters will communicate with the switch at 100 Mbps and others at 10 Mbps. This will affect the overall network speed. To have a complete 100 Mbps network, you should replace the 10 Mbps adapters with 10/100 Mbps network adapters in the remain- ing workstations. Incorrect answers and explanations: B, C, and D. Answer B is incorrect because even if the switch ports are configured to operate at 100 Mbps, the communication with workstations with 10 Mbps adapters will be at 10 Mbps. Answer C is incorrect because 10 Mbps adapters cannot be con- figured to operate at 100 Mbps. Answer D is incorrect because answer A is a legitimate solution. As a network technician, you are asked to deploy a network load 11. balancer. You need to configure a network load balancer on the 10.0.10.0/8 network for the Web development group. You need to configure it appropriately. From the list of possible deployment scenarios, which would you select from as your design? A. You need to distribute the load to a group of SSH servers. B. You need to centralize your traffic around your FTP servers. C. You need to distribute the load to a pool of Web servers. D. You need to redistribute the traffic to a farm of DHCP servers on your DMZ. Correct answer and explanation: C. Load balancers are primarily used when working with Web servers. Although load balancers can be used in other situations, you would likely not see them used in the other options and solutions provided for you. Incorrect answers and explanations: A, B, and D. Answer A is incorrect because you would not use a load balancer in that fashion nor would SSH be used in this way. Answer B is incorrect because FTP servers are not in need of load balancing. Answer D is incorrect because you would not use a load balancer to balance DHCP requests. Appendix C 680 When using a multilayer switch, which layer are you likely 12. working on? A. Network B. Application C. Presentation D. Session Correct answer and explanation: A. A multilayer switch operates on the first three layers of the OSI model. Primarily, on Layers 2 and 3 because the multifunction device maintains a list of MAC addresses in its CAM table as well as a routing table in memory. The device can send packets along a routed network just as easily as switching data on a Layer 2 network. Incorrect answers and explanations: B, C, and D. Answer B is incorrect because multilayer switches primarily operate on the first few layers of the OSI model, not the topmost layers. Answer C is incorrect because multilayer switches primarily operate on the first few layers of the OSI model, not the topmost layers. Answer D is incorrect because multilayer switches primarily operate on the first few layers of the OSI model, not the topmost layers. A workstation in building A of an office campus network needs to 13. obtain IP configuration information from a DHCP server in build- ing B of the same campus. What is needed to accomplish this if the packets must traverse a router or a filtering device? A. DNS relay B. DHCP relay C. WINS relay D. Packet Sniffer Correct answer and explanation: B. Answer B is correct because you need a DHCP relay agent configured on a router or any device configured to filter (and drop) a broadcast typically sent by a DHCP client to a DHCP server. You are the administrator of a small business network. You notice 14. that as you add workstations to the network over time the speed of the network decreases, what devices would you replace in your network with what other device to resolve this problem? A. Replace repeaters with hubs. B. Replace routers with hubs. C. Replace routers with switches. D. Replace hubs with switches. Appendix C 681 Correct answer: D. As a network administrator you need to deploy a VOIP phone. You 15. are unfamiliar with this technology. Which connection type could you use on a standard IP phone? A. RJ-12 B. RJ-13 C. RJ-24 D. RJ-45 Correct answer: D. ChApTEr 4: SwITChING You have purchased a basic switch for your network that can look 1. at information within a packet of data and send it to its destina- tion address. It has no additional features. What kind of switch is this? A. Layer 2 B. Layer 3 C. Layer 4 D. Layer 5 Correct answer and explanation: A, Layer 2. This scenario describes a basic Layer 2 switch, which looks at the packet to determine the MAC address of the computer where the packet is being sent. The MAC address makes the computer identifiable on a network and allows the switch to determine which computer the data is meant for. Incorrect answers and explanations: B is incorrect because a Layer 3 switch has the capabilities of a router. A Layer 3 switch uses switching tables and switching algorithms to determine how to send data via MAC addressing from host to host, device to device. C is incorrect because Layer 4 switches work at the transport layer of the OSI model and have the added feature of being able to look at the application protocols being used to send data. D is incorrect because a Layer 5 switch works at the session layer of the OSI model and looks at the information in a packet provided by this layer for routing. This information includes such information as Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that allow the switch to route the packet more effectively to a destination computer. An URL is a method of addressing that is commonly used on the Internet. Appendix C 682 A broadcast message is sent by a computer onto the network. 2. Which of the following will occur when the switch receives the broadcast message? A. The message will be sent to all computers on the network. B. The message will be sent to all computers in the same broadcast domain. C. The message will not be sent because switches will only send messages between two nodes. D. The message will not be sent because switches are designed to always ignore broadcast messages. Correct answer and explanation: B. The message will be sent to all com- puters in the same broadcast domain. A broadcast domain is a logical seg- ment of the network. Computers that are a part of the same domain can broadcast messages to all the computers in the same domain. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because only the com- puters in the broadcast domain will receive the message. C is incorrect because although switches will establish a connection between two comput- ers by passing a message from one port to another, broadcast messages are sent to all the computers within the same broadcast domain. D is incorrect because switches can pass a broadcast message to all computers within a broadcast domain. You are looking into purchasing a new switch for your network. You 3. want the switch to be able to route packets of data based on the uniform resource locator included with the packet. Which switch type should you buy? A. Layer 2 B. Layer 3 C. Layer 4 D. Layer 5 Correct answer and explanation: D, Layer 5 switch. This type of switch works at the session layer of the OSI model, and looks at the information in a packet provided by this layer for routing. This information includes such information as Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that allow the switch to route the packet more effectively to a destination computer. A URL is a method of addressing that is commonly used on the Internet. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because a Layer 2 switch looks at the packet to determine the MAC address of the computer where Appendix C 683 the packet is being sent. The MAC address makes the computer identifiable on a network and allows the switch to determine which computer the data is meant for. B is incorrect because a Layer 3 switch has the capabilities of a router. A Layer 3 switch uses switching tables and switching algorithms to determine how to send data via MAC addressing from host to host, device to device. C is incorrect because Layer 4 switches work at the transport layer of the OSI model and have the added feature of being able to look at the appli- cation protocols being used to send data. A switch on your network is designed to look at the MAC address 4. of incoming data, and then use switching tables and algorithms to properly route data to its intended destination. What type of switch is being used? A. Layer 2 B. Layer 3 C. Layer 4 D. Layer 5 Correct answer and explanation: B. A Layer 3 switch has the capabilities of a router. A Layer 3 switch works by using switching tables and switching algorithms to determine how to send data via MAC addressing from host to host, device to device. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because a Layer 2 switch looks at the packet to determine the MAC address of the computer where the packet is being sent. The MAC address makes the computer identifiable on a network and allows the switch to determine which computer the data is meant for. C is incorrect because Layer 4 switches work at the transport layer of the OSI model and have the added feature of being able to look at the application protocols being used to send data. D is incorrect. Although a Layer 5 switch looks at the information in a packet for routing, it uses such information as Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that allow the switch to route the packet more effectively to a destination computer. A URL is a method of addressing that is commonly used on the Internet. Your company has just purchased a smaller rival business and now 5. wants you to connect the two networks together. Your company’s existing network is twice the size of the new network. To get these two networks connected together, which of the following will you do? A. Install a VLAN to connect the two networks together. B. Install a switch to connect to the two networks together. Appendix C 684 C. Install a bridge to break the larger LAN into two smaller ones, and then connect these to the other LAN using a switch. D. Install a switch to break the larger LAN into two smaller ones, and then connect these to the other LAN using a switch. Correct answer and explanation: B. Install a switch to connect to the two net- works together. Switches are also called multiport bridges, as it can provide the same functionality as a bridge, which is used to connect two LANs together. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because a VLAN is a virtual LAN and wouldn’t be used to connect the two networks together. C and D are incorrect because there is no need to segment the existing LAN before connecting it to the new smaller LAN. A small network consists of three computers named Alpha, Beta, 6. and Omega. Alpha sends a message to Omega, and the data is passed through a switch. When it reaches the hub, which of the following will occur? A. The message is broadcast to all the computers on the network. B. The message is sent out on all the ports. Beta will ignore the message because it isn’t intended for that computer. C. The message will only be sent out on the port connecting to Beta. D. The message will only be sent out on the port connecting to Omega. Correct answer and explanation: D. The message will only be sent out on the port connecting to Omega. When the computer named Alpha sends the data to the switch, the switch will then send out the data across the port that connects to its destination, which is the computer named Omega. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because the message is being sent to Omega and isn’t a broadcast message. B is incorrect because a hub will send out the data on all ports, whereas a switch will only send out the data to the port that connects to the destination computer. C is incorrect because the message is intended for the computer named Omega not Beta. Therefore, the choice is saying that the data is being sent out over the wrong port. You are the network administrator of a large company that has 7. experienced several hacking attempts in the past. You decide to install a new IDS on your network. Which of the following will be required so that the IDS can view data going across a switch? A. Port authentication B. Port mirroring Appendix C 685 C. VLAN D. Trunking Correct answer and explanation: B. Port mirroring is used to allow all the data sent and received on one port or VLAN to be copied to another port. In doing so, a mirror image of the data can be sent to the Intrusion Detection System so that the network traffic can be analyzed. Incorrect answers and explanations: A is incorrect because port authentica- tion requires a client authenticating to a server before it is given access to a port. C is incorrect because a VLAN is a virtual LAN, which is used to make computers in different locations appear to be part of the same local area net- work. In doing so, broadcast messages can be sent to all computers and devices that are part of the same VLAN because they are part of the same broadcast domain. D is incorrect because trunking is used to allow two or more VLANs to communicate with one another across a single network link. Your company is looking at replacing all the standard telephones 8. used in its offices with IP telephones. The initial analysis shows that there would be a cost savings to the company using IP tele- phones, but there is a concern that there would be a high initial cost of having to install new electrical outlets to power these devic- es. Which of the following could be used to power the IP telephones without needing to install additional power outlets? A. PoE B. STP C. Trunking D. VLAN Correct answer and explanation: A. PoE is Power over Ethernet, which is a technology in which power can be transferred over standard twisted-pair cables without modification to the existing cabling infrastructure. The sce- nario states that the company is seeking to use IP telephones, which would be a suitable use for PoE. Incorrect answers and explanations: B is incorrect because STP is Spanning Tree Protocol, which was designed to prevent broadcast storms that result from looping. C is incorrect because a VLAN is a virtual LAN and used so that broadcast messages can be sent to all computers and devices that are part of the same VLAN because they are part of the same broadcast domain. D is incorrect because trunking is used to allow two or more VLANs to com- municate with one another across a single network link. . locations appear to be part of the same local area net- work. In doing so, broadcast messages can be sent to all computers and devices that are part of the same VLAN because they are part of the same. that broadcast messages can be sent to all computers and devices that are part of the same VLAN because they are part of the same broadcast domain. D is incorrect because trunking is used. broadcast domain. A broadcast domain is a logical seg- ment of the network. Computers that are a part of the same domain can broadcast messages to all the computers in the same domain. Incorrect