Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xx Contents Cursor scope 585 Cursors and transactions 585 Cursor Strategies 586 Refactoring Complex-Logic Cursors 587 Update query with user-defined function 588 Multiple queries 589 Query with case expression 590 Summary 591 Chapter 23: T-SQL Error Handling 593 Legacy Error Handling 593 @@error system function 594 @@rowcount system function 595 Raiserror 596 Thesimpleraiserrorform 596 The improved raiserror form 596 Error severity 597 Stored messages 597 Try Catch 600 Catch block 601 Nested try/catch and rethrown errors 603 T-SQL Fatal Errors 604 Summary 605 Chapter 24: Developing Stored Procedures 607 Managing Stored Procedures 608 Create, alter, and drop 609 Executing a stored procedure 609 Returning a record set 610 Compiling stored procedures 610 Stored procedure encryption 610 System stored procedures 611 Using stored procedures within queries 611 Executing remote stored procedures 612 Passing Data to Stored Procedures 613 Input parameters 613 Parameter defaults 614 Table-valued parameters 616 Returning Data from Stored Procedures 618 Output parameters 619 Using the Return Command 620 Path and scope of returning data 621 Summary 622 Chapter 25: Building User-Defined Functions 623 Scalar Functions 625 Limitations 625 Creating a scalar function 625 Calling a scalar function 627 Inline Table-Valued Functions 627 Creating an inline table-valued function 628 Calling an inline table-valued function 628 Using parameters 629 Correlated user-defined functions 630 Creating functions with schema binding 632 Multi-Statement Table-Valued Functions 632 Creating a multi-statement table-valued function 633 Calling the function 634 Summary 634 Chapter 26: Creating DML Triggers 635 Trigger Basics 635 Transaction flow 636 Creating triggers 637 After triggers 638 Instead of triggers 639 xx www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxi Contents Trigger limitations 640 Disabling triggers 641 Listing triggers 641 Triggers and security 642 Working with the Transaction 642 Determining the updated columns 642 Inserted and deleted logical tables 644 Developing multi-row-enabled triggers 645 Multiple-Trigger Interaction 647 Trigger organization 647 Nested triggers 647 Recursive triggers 648 Instead of and after triggers 650 Multiple after triggers 651 Transaction-Aggregation Handling 651 The inventory-transaction trigger 652 The inventory trigger 654 Summary 655 Chapter 27: DDL Triggers 657 Managing DDL Triggers 658 Creating and altering DDL triggers 658 Trigger scope 659 DDL triggers and security 660 Enabling and disabling DDL triggers 661 Removing DDL triggers 661 Developing DDL Triggers 662 EventData() 662 Preventing database object changes 663 Summary 664 Chapter 28: Building Out the Data Abstraction Layer 665 CRUD Stored Procedures 666 Google-Style Search Procedure 667 Summary 672 Chapter 29: Dynamic SQL and Code Generation 673 Executing Dynamic SQL 674 sp_executeSQL 674 Parameterized queries 674 Developing dynamic SQL code 675 Code generation 677 Preventing SQL Injection 680 Appending malicious code 680 Or 1 = 1 680 Password? What password? 681 Preventing SQL Server injection attacks 681 Summary 682 Part V Data Connectivity Chapter 30: Bulk Operations 685 Bulk Insert 686 Bulk Insert Options 687 BCP 689 Summary 689 Chapter 31: Executing Distributed Queries 691 Distributed Query Concepts 691 Accessing a Local SQL Server Database 693 Linking to External Data Sources 694 Linking to SQL Server with Management Studio 694 Linking to SQL Server with T-SQL 697 Linking with non–SQL Server data sources 700 xxi www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxii Contents Developing Distributed Queries 704 Distributed queries and Management Studio 704 Distributed views 704 Local-distributed queries 705 Pass-through distributed queries 708 Distributed Transactions 710 Distributed Transaction Coordinator 711 Developing distributed transactions 711 Monitoring distributed transactions 713 Summary 714 Chapter 32: Programming with ADO.NET 3.5 715 An Overview of ADO.NET 716 ADO 716 The ADO object model 720 ADO.NET 729 ADO.NET in Visual Studio 2008 740 Server Explorer 740 Debugging ADO.NET 741 Application tracing 741 Application Building Basics 742 Connecting to SQL Server 743 What’s new in ADO.NET 3.5 743 Stored procedures vs. parameterized/ad-hoc queries 744 Data adapters 746 DataReaders and Recordsets 747 Streams 748 Asynchronous execution 748 Using a single database value 748 Data modification 749 Binding to controls 750 Summary 750 Chapter 33: Sync Framework 751 Sync Framework example 752 Sync Framework overview 760 Sync services for ADO.NET 2.0 764 Summary 773 Chapter 34: LINQ 775 LINQ Overview 776 What Is LINQ? 777 Standard Query Operators 777 Query expression syntax 778 LINQ to SQL 784 Example 1: Manually applying the mappings 786 Example 2: The easy way 788 LINQ to XML 790 LINQ to XML example 792 Traversing XML 796 LINQ to DataSet 796 Querying a DataSet using LINQ to DataSet 796 Data binding with LINQ to DataSet 800 LINQ to Entities 801 Creating and querying entities using LINQ 802 Querying multiple tables using LINQ to Entities and the Entity Framework 805 Summary 806 Chapter 35: Asynchronous Messaging with Service Broker 807 Configuring a Message Queue 808 Working with Conversations 809 Sending a message to the queue 809 Receiving a message 810 Monitoring Service Broker 812 Summary 812 xxii www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxiii Contents Chapter 36: Replicating Data 813 Replication Concepts 815 Types of replication 816 Replication agents 816 Transactional consistency 817 Configuring Replication 818 Creating a publisher and distributor 818 Creating a snapshot/transactional publication 819 Creating a push subscription to a transactional/snapshot publication 823 Creating a pull subscription to a transactional/snapshot publication 824 Creating a peer-to-peer topology 825 Creating a merge publication 825 Web synchronization 826 Summary 827 Chapter 37: Performing ETL with Integration Services 829 Design Environment 830 Connection managers 832 Variables 833 Configuring elements 834 Event handlers 839 Executing a package in development 839 Integration Services Package Elements 840 Connection managers 840 Control flow elements 843 Data flow components 850 Maintainable and Manageable Packages 860 Logging 861 Package configurations 863 Checkpoint restart 864 Deploying Packages 864 Installing packages 865 Executing packages 865 Summary 866 Chapter 38: Access as a Front End to SQL Server 867 Access–SQL Server Use Case Scenarios 868 Access projects or ODBC linked tables? 868 Migrating from Access to SQL Server 868 Designing Your Access Front End 870 Connecting to SQL Server 870 Linking to tables and views 871 Caching data in local tables using pass-through queries 873 Extending the power of pass-through queries using table-valued parameters (TVPs) 874 Monitoring and Troubleshooting 876 Ad Hoc Querying and Reporting 876 Pre-aggregating data on the server 877 Sorting and filtering data 877 Creating forms and reports 880 Exporting and publishing data 880 Managing your SQL Server databases 880 Summary 880 Part VI Enterprise Data Management Chapter 39: Configuring SQL Server 883 Setting the Options 883 Configuring the server 884 Configuring the database 887 Configuring the connection 887 Configuration Options 889 Displaying the advanced options 889 Start/Stop configuration properties 892 xxiii www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxiv Contents Memory-configuration properties 895 Processor-configuration properties 899 Security-configuration properties 906 Connection-configuration properties 909 Advanced server-configuration properties 914 Configuring database auto options 919 Cursor-configuration properties 921 SQL ANSI–configuration properties 923 Trigger configuration properties 929 Database-state-configuration properties 931 Recovery-configuration properties 933 Summary 937 Chapter 40: Policy-Based Management 939 Defining Policies 940 Management facets 941 Health conditions 944 Policies 946 Evaluating Policies 949 Summary 951 Chapter 41: Recovery Planning 953 Recovery Concepts 954 Recovery Models 955 Simple recovery model 956 The full recovery model 957 Bulk-logged recovery model 959 Setting the recovery model 960 Modifying recovery models 960 Backing Up the Database 961 Backup destination 961 Backup rotation 961 Performing backup with Management Studio 962 Backing up the database with code 965 Verifying the backup with code 967 Working with the Transaction Log 967 Inside the transaction log 967 Backing up the transaction log 969 Truncating the log 970 The transaction log and simple recovery model 971 Recovery Operations 971 Detecting the problem 971 Recovery sequences 972 Performing the restore with Management Studio 972 Restoring with T-SQL code 975 System Databases Recovery 980 Master database 980 MSDB system database 981 Performing a Complete Recovery 982 Summary 982 Chapter 42: Maintaining the Database 985 DBCC Commands 985 Database integrity 988 Index maintenance 993 Database file size 997 Miscellaneous DBCC commands 1001 Managing Database Maintenance 1002 Planning database maintenance 1002 Maintenance plan 1002 Command-line maintenance 1009 Monitoring database maintenance 1009 Summary 1010 Chapter 43: Automating Database Maintenance with SQL Server Agent 1011 Setting Up SQL Server Agent 1011 Understanding Alerts, Operators, and Jobs 1016 xxiv www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxv Contents Managing Operators 1016 Managing Alerts 1017 Creating user-defined errors 1018 Creating an alert 1018 Managing Jobs 1021 Creating a job category 1023 Creating a job definition 1024 Setting up the job steps 1025 Configuring a job schedule 1027 Handling completion-, success-, and failure-notification messages 1028 Database Mail 1028 Configuring database mail 1030 Summary 1037 Chapter 44: Transferring Databases 1039 Copy Database Wizard 1039 Working with SQL Script 1048 Detaching and Attaching 1052 Import and Export Wizard 1054 Summary 1058 Chapter 45: Database Snapshots 1059 How Database Snapshots Work 1060 Creating a Database Snapshot 1061 Using Your Database Snapshots 1064 Performance Considerations and Best Practices 1067 Summary 1068 Chapter 46: Log Shipping 1069 Availability Testing 1070 Warm Standby Availability 1071 Defining Log Shipping 1072 Configuring log shipping 1074 Checking Log Shipping Configuration 1085 Monitoring Log Shipping 1085 Modifying or Removing Log Shipping 1087 Switching Roles 1089 Returning to the original primary server 1089 Summary 1090 Chapter 47: Database Mirroring 1091 Database Mirroring Overview 1091 Defining Database Mirroring 1094 Configuring database mirroring 1098 Checking a Database Mirroring Configuration 1108 Monitoring Database Mirroring 1111 Monitoring using Database Mirroring Monitor 1111 Monitoring using System Monitor 1112 Monitoring using SQL Server Profiler 1115 Pausing or Removing Database Mirroring 1115 Role Switching 1116 Summary 1118 Chapter 48: Clustering 1119 SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering Basics 1119 How SQL Server 2008 failover clustering works 1122 SQL Server 2008 failover clustering topologies 1123 Enhancements in SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering 1124 SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering Setup 1126 Planning SQL Server 2008 failover clustering 1127 SQL Server 2008 prerequisites 1130 Creating a single-node SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1131 Adding a node to an existing SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1144 Post-installation tasks 1146 Uninstalling a SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1148 xxv www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxvi Contents Installing a failover cluster using a command prompt 1149 Rolling upgrade and patching 1151 Maintaining a SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1161 Troubleshooting a SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1163 Summary 1164 Part VII Security Chapter 49: Authenticating Principals 1169 Server-Level Security 1171 Database-Level Security 1171 Windows Security 1172 Using Windows Security 1172 SQL Server login 1172 Server Security 1172 SQL Server authentication mode 1173 Windows Authentication 1174 SQL Server logins 1178 Database Security 1182 Guest logins 1182 Granting access to the database 1182 Fixed database roles 1184 Assigning fixed database roles with Management Studio 1185 Application roles 1185 Summary 1186 Chapter 50: Authorizing Securables 1187 Object Ownership 1187 Object Security 1188 Standard database roles 1188 Object permissions 1188 Granting object permissions with code 1189 Revoking and denying object permission with code 1190 The public role 1190 Managing roles with code 1190 Hierarchical role structures 1191 Object security and Management Studio 1192 Stored procedure execute as 1193 A Sample Security Model Example 1194 Views and Security 1195 Summary 1196 Chapter 51: Data Cryptography 1197 Introduction to Cryptography 1197 Types of encryption 1197 The hierarchy of keys 1198 Encrypting Data 1199 Encrypting with a passphrase 1199 Encrypting with a symmetric key 1200 Using asymmetric keys 1202 Using certificates 1202 Transparent Data Encryption 1203 Summary 1203 Chapter 52: Row-Level Security 1205 The Security Table 1206 Assigning Permissions 1207 Assigning security 1207 Handling security-level updates 1212 Checking Permissions 1214 The security-check stored procedure 1214 The security-check function 1215 Using the NT login 1216 The security-check trigger 1218 Summary 1219 xxvi www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxvii Contents Part VIII Monitoring and Auditing Chapter 53: Data Audit Triggers 1223 AutoAudit 1224 Installing AutoAudit 1224 The audit table 1225 Running AutoAudit 1225 _Modified trigger 1226 Auditing changes 1227 Viewing and undeleting deleted rows 1228 Viewing row history 1229 Backing out AutoAudit 1229 Auditing Complications 1229 Auditing related data 1230 Auditing select statements 1230 Data auditing and security 1230 Data auditing and performance 1230 Summary 1231 Chapter 54: Schema Audit Triggers 1233 SchemaAudit Table 1234 SchemaAudit Trigger 1234 Summary 1236 Chapter 55: Performance Monitor 1237 Using Performance Monitor 1238 System monitor 1238 Counter Logs 1241 Summary 1242 Chapter 56: Tracing and Profiling 1243 Running Profiler 1244 Defining a new trace 1244 Selecting events and data columns 1246 Filtering events 1247 Organizing columns 1248 Running the trace 1249 Using the trace file 1249 Integrating Performance Monitor data 1249 Using SQL Trace 1250 Preconfigured traces 1252 Summary 1253 Chapter 57: Wait States 1255 Observing Wait State Statistics 1256 Querying wait states 1256 Activity Monitor 1257 Analyzing Wait States 1258 Summary 1258 Chapter 58: Extended Events 1261 XE Components 1261 Packages 1262 Objects 1263 XE Sessions 1263 Summary 1265 Chapter 59: Change Tracking 1267 Configuring Change Tracking 1268 Enabling the database 1268 Auto cleanup 1269 Enabling tables 1270 Enabling all tables 1272 Internal tables 1272 xxvii www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxviii Contents Querying Change Tracking 1273 Version numbers 1273 Changes by the row 1275 Coding a synchronization 1276 Change Tracking Options 1280 Column tracking 1280 Determining latest version per row 1281 Capturing application context 1281 Removing Change Tracking 1282 Summary 1283 Chapter 60: Change Data Capture 1285 Enabling CDC 1286 Enabling the database 1286 Enabling tables 1287 Working with Change Data Capture 1288 Examining the log sequence numbers 1289 Querying the change tables 1290 Querying net changes 1292 Walking through the change tables 1294 Removing Change Data Capture 1294 Summary 1295 Chapter 61: SQL Audit 1297 SQL Audit Technology Overview 1297 Creating an Audit 1298 Defining the target 1299 Using T-SQL 1300 Enabling/disabling the audit 1300 Server Audit Specifications 1300 Adding actions 1301 Creating with T-SQL 1301 Modifying Server Audit Specifications 1302 Database Audit Specifications 1302 Viewing the Audit Trail 1302 Summary 1304 Chapter 62: Management Data Warehouse 1305 Configuring MDW 1306 Configuring a data warehouse 1306 Configuring a data collection 1306 The MDW Data Warehouse 1308 Summary 1309 Part IX Performance Tuning and Optimization Chapter 63: Interpreting Query Execution Plans 1313 Viewing Query Execution Plans 1313 Estimated query execution plans 1314 The Query Editor’s execution plan 1314 Returning the plan with showplans 1316 SQL Profiler’s execution plans 1317 Examining plans using dynamic management views 1317 Interpreting the Query Execution Plan 1318 Summary 1320 Chapter 64: Indexing Strategies 1321 Zen and the Art of Indexing 1321 Indexing Basics 1322 The b-tree index 1322 Clustered indexes 1323 Non-clustered indexes 1324 Composite indexes 1324 Unique indexes and constraints 1325 xxviii www.getcoolebook.com Nielsen ftoc.tex V4 - 07/21/2009 3:36pm Page xxix Contents The page split problem 1325 Index selectivity 1326 Unordered heaps 1326 Query operations 1327 Path of the Query 1327 Query Path 1: Fetch All 1329 Query Path 2: Clustered Index Seek 1329 Query Path 3: Range Seek Query 1332 Query Path 4: Filter by non-key column 1334 Query Path 5: Bookmark Lookup 1335 Query Path 6: Covering Index 1338 Query Path 7: Filter by 2 x NC Indexes 1340 Query Path 8: Filter by Ordered Composite Index 1342 Query Path 9: Filter by Unordered Composite Index 1344 Query Path 10: Non-SARGable Expressions 1344 A Comprehensive Indexing Strategy 1346 Identifying key queries 1346 Table CRUD analysis 1347 Selecting the clustered index 1349 Creating base indexes 1350 Specialty Indexes 1350 Filtered indexes 1351 Indexed views 1352 Summary 1354 Chapter 65: Query Plan Reuse 1357 Query Compiling 1357 The Query Optimizer 1358 Viewing the Plan Cache 1358 Plan lifetime 1359 Query plan execution 1359 Query Recompiles 1360 Summary 1361 Chapter 66: Managing Transactions, Locking, and Blocking 1363 The ACID Properties 1365 Atomicity 1365 Consistency 1365 Isolation 1365 Durability 1365 Programming Transactions 1366 Logical transactions 1366 Xact_State() 1367 Xact_Abort 1368 Nested transactions 1368 Implicit transactions 1369 Save points 1370 Default Locking and Blocking Behavior 1370 Monitoring Locking and Blocking 1373 Viewing blocking with Management Studio reports 1373 Viewing blocking with Activity Monitor 1373 Using Profiler 1373 Querying locks with DMVs 1376 Deadlocks 1377 Creating a deadlock 1378 Automatic deadlock detection 1381 Handling deadlocks 1381 Minimizing deadlocks 1382 Understanding SQL Server Locking 1383 Lock granularity 1383 Lock mode 1384 Controlling lock timeouts 1386 Lock duration 1387 Index-level locking restrictions 1387 Transaction Isolation Levels 1388 Setting the transaction isolation level 1389 Level 1 — Read Uncommitted and the dirty read 1390 xxix www.getcoolebook.com . 1126 Planning SQL Server 2008 failover clustering 1127 SQL Server 2008 prerequisites 1 130 Creating a single-node SQL Server 2008 failover cluster 1 131 Adding a node to an existing SQL Server 2008 failover. 1119 How SQL Server 2008 failover clustering works 1122 SQL Server 2008 failover clustering topologies 11 23 Enhancements in SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering 1124 SQL Server 2008 Failover Clustering. Blocking 136 3 The ACID Properties 136 5 Atomicity 136 5 Consistency 136 5 Isolation 136 5 Durability 136 5 Programming Transactions 136 6 Logical transactions 136 6 Xact_State() 136 7 Xact_Abort 136 8 Nested