TEAMFLY Team-Fly ® EDGE for Mobile Internet For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Mobile Communications Series, turn to the back of this book. EDGE for Mobile Internet Emmanuel Seurre Patrick Savelli Pierre-Jean Pietri Artech House Boston • London www.artechhouse.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record of this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Seurre, Emmanuel. EDGE for mobile Internet. — (Artech House mobile communications series) 1. Wireless Internet 2. General Packet Radio Service 3. Global system for mobile communications I. Title II. Savelli, Patrick III. Pietri, Pierre-Jean 621.3’845 ISBN 1-58053-597-6 Cover design by Yekaterina Ratner Figures 1.26, 1.27, and 3.18: © ETSI 2001. Further use, modification, or redistribution is strictly prohibited. ETSI standards are available from http://pda.etsi.org/pda/ and http:// www.etsi.org/eds/. Chapter 6: The OMA logo, Open Mobile Alliance, W@P, W@P Certified, and WAP Forum marks are worldwide trademarks or registered trademarks of Open Mobile Alliance Ltd. © 2003 ARTECH HOUSE 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ- ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this informa- tion. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trade- mark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-597-6 A Library of Congress Catalog Card Number is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Contents Acknowledgments xi 1 GPRS General Overview 1 1.1 GPRS Logical Architecture 1 1.2 Transmission and Signaling Planes 5 1.2.1 Transmission Plane 5 1.2.2 Signaling Plane 7 1.3 The Radio Interface 9 1.3.1 Physical Layer 9 1.3.2 Radio Resource Management (RRM) 18 1.3.3 Cell Reselection 33 1.4 GPRS Mobility Management 35 1.4.1 GMM States 36 1.4.2 GPRS MS Classes 37 1.4.3 Mobility Procedures 37 1.5 PDP Context Management 40 1.6 GPRS Backbone Network 41 1.6.1 GTP-U 43 1.6.2 GTP-C 43 1.7 CAMEL for GPRS 44 1.7.1 Mobile Market Evolution 44 vi EDGE for Mobile Internet 1.7.2 Architecture for GPRS CAMEL Services 44 1.7.3 Procedures for GPRS CAMEL Services 46 1.8 Organization of the 3GPP 48 References 49 Selected Bibliography 49 2 Introduction to EDGE 51 2.1 What Is EDGE? 51 2.2 EGPRS Services 54 2.2.1 EGPRS General Characteristics 54 2.2.2 EGPRS MS Capabilities 55 2.3 EGPRS General Principles 57 2.3.1 EGPRS Basis 57 2.3.2 New Modulation 58 2.3.3 Link Quality Control 58 2.3.4 RLC/MAC Improvements 61 2.3.5 RLC Data Block Format for EGPRS 62 Reference 68 Selected Bibliography 68 3 RF Physical Layer 69 3.1 Modulation 70 3.1.1 GMSK Modulation Overview 70 3.1.2 8-PSK Modulation 76 3.2 RF Characteristics on the Transmitter Side 89 3.2.1 MS Power Classes 89 3.2.2 Spectrum Due to Modulation 90 3.2.3 Power Versus Time Requirement 91 3.3 RF Characteristics on the Receiver Side 91 3.3.1 EGPRS Sensitivity and Interference Performance 91 Contents vii 3.3.2 8-PSK NER 91 3.3.3 Modulation Detection 92 3.4 Case Studies 94 3.4.1 Generation of the Differential GMSK Signal 94 3.4.2 Generation of the 8-PSK Signal 97 3.4.3 RF Architecture Constraints of the EDGE Transmitter 98 3.4.4 GMSK Demodulation 100 3.4.5 8-PSK Demodulation 107 References 108 4 Physical Link Layer 109 4.1 Channel Coding 109 4.1.1 Channel Coding for EGPRS PDTCH 109 4.1.2 Channel Coding for the Other Channels 116 4.2 Link Quality Control 117 4.2.1 Measurements for Link Quality Control 117 4.2.2 IR Mechanism 122 4.2.3 Link Adaptation Mechanism 126 4.3 Case Studies 131 4.3.1 IR Mechanism in Downlink 131 4.3.2 Link Adaptation Implementation 134 References 137 Selected Bibliography 137 5 Impact of EGPRS on the RLC/MAC Layer 139 5.1 New RLC/MAC Procedures Related to TBF Establishment 139 5.1.1 Uplink TBF Establishment 139 5.1.2 Downlink TBF Establishment 148 viii EDGE for Mobile Internet 5.2 Transmission of RLC Data Blocks 149 5.2.1 RLC Window Length 149 5.2.2 Compression of Acknowledgment Bitmap 150 5.2.3 Extended Polling Mechanism for Downlink Acknowledgment Reports 151 5.3 Case Study: GPRS and EGPRS Mobile Multiplexing 153 References 155 Selected Bibliography 156 6 Wireless Application Protocol 157 6.1 General Interest of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 157 6.2 WAP Forum 158 6.3 WAP Services 159 6.3.1 Browser Services 159 6.3.2 Push Services 162 6.3.3 WTA Services 163 6.3.4 Security Services 164 6.3.5 User Agent Profile 165 6.3.6 Provisioning Services 166 6.3.7 MMS 166 6.3.8 Synchronization Services 167 6.3.9 External Functional Interface 167 6.4 WAP Architecture 167 6.4.1 Architecture Overview 167 6.4.2 WAP Configurations 169 6.4.3 WAE 170 6.4.4 WAP Protocol Layers 172 6.4.5 Push Architecture 179 6.4.6 WTA Architecture 182 6.4.7 Provisioning Architecture 185 Contents ix 6.4.8 Security Architecture 187 6.4.9 Adapt Configuration End-to-End Architecture 194 6.4.10 MMS Architecture 195 6.5 M-Services 197 References 199 Selected Bibliography 199 List of Acronyms 203 About the Authors 217 Index 219 [...]... eight time slots As for GSM, the physical channels are defined by a frequency channel and time slot pairing for the uplink and downlink paths (see Figure 1.7), and logical channels are mapped onto the Figure 1.7 Combination of FDMA and TDMA 10 EDGE for Mobile Internet physical channels for data traffic and for signaling As shown in this section, new logical channels have been defined for GPRS Further,... performed at the BSS side for each MS They are used for network-controlled cell reselection, uplink power control, and dynamic CS adaptation 18 EDGE for Mobile Internet 1.3.2 Radio Resource Management (RRM) This section describes the RLC/MAC layer It gives the main principles of this layer and the way radio resources are allocated to the mobile and data are exchanged between the network and the mobile. .. this RR optimization makes it possible for the operator to offer more attractive fees The principles defined for the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) radio interface were kept for GPRS, since the notions of time slot, frame, multiframe, and hyperframe have not changed for GPRS as compared with GSM The GPRS standard proposes multislot allocations for data transmission; the network may allocate... 52-multiframe, as shown in Figure 1.8 12 EDGE for Mobile Internet Table 1.2 Summary of the Various GPRS Logical Channels Logical Channel Abbreviation Uplink/ Downlink Packet broadcast control channel PBCCH DL Packet system information broadcast Packet paging channel PPCH DL MS paging for downlink transfer establishment Packet random access channel PRACH UL MS random access for uplink transfer establishment... CRC for CS-4 Puncturing is applied to adapt the convolutional encoder output to the radio block length Finally, block interleaving over the radio block makes it possible to improve the decoding performance at the receiver The principle for the coding of one radio block for CS-1 to CS-3 is shown in Figure 1.9 The mobile always transmits with a CS ordered by the network, whereas in Rx the mobile performs... non-GPRS services during the paging procedure for circuit-switched calls and during GPRS and non-GPRS location update procedures This coordination takes place only when the Gs interface between the MSC/VLR and SGSN is present • HLR The HLR has been updated in order to handle GPRS subscriber information and GPRS MS location information 4 EDGE for Mobile Internet New interfaces are defined between the... occurrences on the allocated PDCHs in which the mobile is allowed to transmit 20 EDGE for Mobile Internet In the following section the principle of dynamic allocation is described in greater detail because of its higher complexity and its exclusive employment by most BSS manufacturers During the resource assignment for an uplink transfer, a USF is given to the MS for each allocated uplink PDCH This USF is... between the radio and network subsystems The rationale for this is to reuse the network subsystem with other 1 2 EDGE for Mobile Internet Figure 1.1 General architecture of the GPRS network radio access technologies such as UMTS The GPRS network subsystem is also called the GPRS core network or the GPRS backbone network The GSM network nodes such as mobile switching center/visitors location register (MSC/VLR),... used for RRM Whether the mobile is transmitting (or receiving) packets or not, it performs different actions that are based on two RR states These two RR operational states are described next During packet transfer, different mobiles can be multiplexed by the network on the same physical channel The downlink multiplexing is performed directly by the network that addresses radio blocks to the selected mobile. .. In packet idle mode, the mobile has no RR allocated The mobile leaves this state when upper layers request the transfer of uplink data In this case, the mobile enters a transitory state before going into packet transfer mode The switch to packet transfer mode occurs at the end of the contention resolution phase when the mobile has been uniquely identified at network side The mobile also leaves the packet . Team-Fly ® EDGE for Mobile Internet For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Mobile Communications Series, turn to the back of this book. EDGE for Mobile Internet Emmanuel Seurre Patrick. Data Seurre, Emmanuel. EDGE for mobile Internet. — (Artech House mobile communications series) 1. Wireless Internet 2. General Packet Radio Service 3. Global system for mobile communications I 43 1.6.2 GTP-C 43 1.7 CAMEL for GPRS 44 1.7.1 Mobile Market Evolution 44 vi EDGE for Mobile Internet 1.7.2 Architecture for GPRS CAMEL Services 44 1.7.3 Procedures for GPRS CAMEL Services 46 1.8