134 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 5-41 Javadoc generation options (1) On the next page you can specify detailed options about the doclet generation, including a title (Figure 5-42). Click Next . Figure 5-42 Javadoc generation options (2) Chapter 5. Developing Java applications 135 On the final page, select the options for generating an Ant script and opening a browser (Figure 5-43). Click Finish . Figure 5-43 Javadoc generation options (3) Watch the generation of Javadoc in the Console view: Loading source files for package itso.bank.facade Constructing Javadoc information Building tree for all the packages and classes Generating E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc\itso\bank\facade\class-use \BankingTest.html Building index for all the packages and classes Generating E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc\overview-tree.html Building index for all classes Generating E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc\allclasses-frame.html Generating E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc\index.html Generating E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc\packages.html A browser opens with the generated Javadoc and you can explore the documentation of the packages and classes (Figure 5-44). 136 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 5-44 Generated Javadoc in a browser Note that our source classes do not have many comments for good Javadoc! To see the generated files in the Workbench, select the ItsoProGuideJava project and Refresh (context). In general you would not generate Javadoc into the Workbench but rather into a documentation location. Either move the data to another location or delete the doc folder from the project. Using Ant to generate Javadoc The javadoc wizard generated an Ant build script (javadoc.xml) in the ItsoProGuideJava project. This build script that can be used to regenerate the documentation (Figure 5-45). Chapter 5. Developing Java applications 137 Figure 5-45 Javadoc Ant build script To regenerate the Javadoc, select the javadoc.xml file and Run Ant (context) and click Finish in the pop-up dialog. See Chapter 19, “Building applications with Ant” on page 633 for detailed information about Ant. Summary In this chapter we described how to create a new Java project and how to work with the programming assists of Application Developer by creating a simple Java class. While you are working with larger projects you will experience the benefits of the programming assists and the Java development tools. We also demonstrated how to prepare and implement a utility project and how to generate Javadoc. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project default="javadoc" name="ItsoProGuideJava"> <target name="javadoc"> <javadoc access="public" author="true" classpath="E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava; D:\SQLLIB\java\db2java.zip" destdir="E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava\doc" doctitle="ItsoProGuide Javadoc" nodeprecated="false" nodeprecatedlist="false" noindex="false" nonavbar="false" notree="false" packagenames="itso.bank.facade,itso.bank.exception, itso.bank.main,itso.bank.model,itso.bank.util,itso.java" sourcepath="E:\WSAD5sg246957\ItsoProGuideJava" splitindex="true" use="true" version="true"/> </target> </project> 138 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide © Copyright IBM Corp. 2003. All rights reserved. 139 Chapter 6. Developing database applications In this chapter we explain how to connect to a database from a Java application. Concepts such as JDBC and data sources are covered. We then go into detail about the wizards included in Application Developer to work with databases. This includes tools to build your own databases and SQL statements, as well as the wizards to access a database from Java applications. This chapter covers the following topics: JDBC overview Data source versus direct connection Application Developer database operations XMI and DDL Data perspective Using the DB Servers view Creating database objects Using the SQL Statement Wizard Using SQL Query Builder Accessing databases from a Java application 6 140 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide JDBC overview Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), like Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), is based on the X/Open SQL call-level interface specifications, but unlike ODBC, JDBC does not rely on various C features that do not fit well with the Java language. Using JDBC, you can make dynamic calls to databases from your Java applications or Java applets. JCBC is vendor neutral and provides access to a wide range of relational databases, as well as to other tabular sources of data. It can even be used to get data from flat files or spreadsheets. This portability and versatility are the main attractions of using JDBC for database access in application programs. JDBC is especially suited for use in Web applications. Using the JDBC API you can connect to databases using standard network connections. Any modern Web browser is Java enabled, so you do not have to worry about whether the client can handle the application or not. Figure 6-1 shows the basic components of JDBC access. The JDBC API sends the SQL commands from the application through a connection to the vendor specific driver that provides access to the database. Connections can be established through a driver manager (JDBC 1.0) or a data source (JDBC 2.0). Figure 6-1 JDBC overview Database Java Application JDBC Driver Manager Vendor supplied JDBC Driver Data Source Connection getConnection getConnection Chapter 6. Developing database applications 141 Data source versus direct connection In JDBC 1.0 the only way of establishing a database connection was by using the DriverManager interface. This was expensive in terms of performance because a connection was created each time you had to access the database from your program, thereby incurring a substantial processing overhead. In the JDBC 2.0 Standard Extension API an alternative way of handling database connections was introduced. By using data source objects you have access to a pool of connections to a data source. Using connection pooling gives you the following advantages: It improves performance. Creating connections is expensive; a data source object creates a pool of connections as soon as it is instantiated. It simplifies resource allocation. Resources are only allocated from the data source objects, and not at arbitrary places in the code. Data source objects work as follows: When a servlet or other client wants to use a connection, it looks up a data source object by name from a Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) server. The servlet or client asks the data source object for a connection. If the data source object has no more connections, it may ask the database manager for more connections (as long as it has not exceeded the maximum number of connections). When the client has finished with the connection, it releases it. The data source object then returns the connection to the available pool. If you use the Create database Web pages wizard, described in detail in “Accessing databases from a Web application” on page 248, you have the option of generating code to use either a driver manager connection or a data source connection. Important: Because of the advantages of connection pooling, using data source objects is the preferred method of handling database connections in Web applications. The WebSphere Application Server has full support for connection pooling and for registering data sources through JNDI. 142 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Application Developer database operations Application Developer provides a number of features that make it easier to work with relational databases in your projects. Ability to import and use existing database models. Ability to create your own database objects and generate DDL for the target database. Ability to generate XML schemas from database models. Ability to interactively build and execute SQL queries from an imported database model or through an active connection, using SQL Wizard and SQL Query Builder. Ability to generate Web pages and supporting Java classes based on existing or new SQL queries. Ability to access database API from JavaServer Pages, using either JavaBeans or JSP tags. These features will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter. XMI and DDL XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) is an Object Management Group (OMG) standard format for exchanging metadata information. Application Developer uses the XMI format to store all local descriptors of databases, tables, and schemas. The content of the XMI files can be viewed and edited using tailored editors. When you import an existing database model, it can be stored in XMI format. Data definition language (DDL) is a format used by relational database systems to store information about how to create of database objects. Application Developer allows you to generate DDL from an XMI file and vice versa. Data perspective The Data perspective is used to work with databases, tables, and SQL statements. See “Data perspective” on page 68 for an introduction. There are three main views in the Data Perspective: DB Servers view Data Definition view Navigator view Chapter 6. Developing database applications 143 DB Servers view The DB Servers view shows active connections to databases and allows you to create new connections. In Figure 6-2 you can see an active connection to the EJBBank DB2 database. We will create this connection in “Creating a database connection” on page 145. Figure 6-2 DB Servers view The DB Servers view is independent of any projects. It displays active connections to databases. When you stop Application Developer, the connections become inactive and no databases and tables are displayed. An inactive connection can be activated by selecting the connection and Reconnect from the context menu. Data Definition view The Data Definition view (Figure 6-3) shows the database models that currently exist in Application Developer. These are either imported through the DB Servers view or created within the Workbench. In this example we imported the data model from the DB Servers view. . the documentation of the packages and classes (Figure 5- 44). 136 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 5- 44 Generated Javadoc in a browser Note that our source. Web applications. The WebSphere Application Server has full support for connection pooling and for registering data sources through JNDI. 142 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming. 134 WebSphere Studio Application Developer Version 5 Programming Guide Figure 5- 41 Javadoc generation options (1) On the next page you