MySQL ™ TM ® From & Your visual blueprint ™ to open source database management by Michael Moncur 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page i Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 Published simultaneously in Canada Copyright © 2003 Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Certain designs and text Copyright © 1992-2003 maranGraphics, Inc., used with maranGraphics' permission. maranGraphics, Inc. 5755 Coopers Avenue Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4Z 1R9 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. 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Krengel CREDITS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page v Michael Moncur is the author of many books on system administration and Web development topics. He has recently written books about JavaScript and DHTML. He works as an independent network consultant and Web programmer. Michael also manages and maintains several popular Web sites. His oldest and most popular site, The Quotations Page, has been online since 1994. Most of the site's content is stored in a MySQL database, and presented using PHP. Michael lives with his wife, Laura, in a suburb of Salt Lake City, Utah. I am continually amazed at how complicated it is to write and publish a computer book. Fortunately, a great deal of this complexity was handled smoothly by the team at Wiley. This began with Jen Dorsey, the acquisitions editor, who was instrumental in getting the project started and keeping it running smoothly. The project editor, Sarah Hellert, communicated with me constantly, managed every detail of the production, and helped me figure out the intricacies of the visual format I have grown to love. The copy editor, Jill Mazurczyk, saved me from many embarrassing errors and kept the style consistent. The technical editor, Scott Hofmann, painstakingly tested all of the examples, helped me avoid technical errors, and made some valuable suggestions about content and coverage. Thanks are also due to the many people in the graphics and production departments who handled the final details. I'd also like to thank Neil Salkind at Studio B, for his help in getting this project lined up and keeping it going, and David and Sherry Rogelberg, Jessica Richards, and the rest of the team at Studio B. Finally, thanks to my wife, Laura, and the rest of my friends and family. ABOUT THE AUTHOR AUTHOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page vi Dedicated to my wife, Laura, my parents, and everyone else who sees less of me while I'm busy writing. 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page vii viii HOW TO USE THIS BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XIV 1) INTRODUCING MYSQL Understanding MySQL 2 MySQL Terminology 4 Other Database Systems 5 Structured Query Language (SQL) 6 Download MySQL 8 Install MySQL under Linux from a Package 10 Install MySQL under UNIX from Source 12 Install MySQL under Windows 14 Start the MySQL Server 16 Test the MySQL Installation 17 Using the MySQL Monitor 18 View the Server Status 20 Try an SQL Query 21 Configure a MySQL User 22 Specify a Multiple-Line Query 24 Edit a Long Command 26 Configure MySQLGUI 28 2) MANAGE DATABASES AND TABLES Design a Database 30 Create and Drop Databases 32 Create a Database 33 Show Available Databases 34 Select a Database 35 Create and Drop Tables 36 Create a Simple Table 38 Show Table Information 40 Numeric Column Types 42 Text and Date Column Types 44 Using Text Columns 46 Using Sets and Enumerations 48 Create an Indexed Table 50 Delete Tables and Databases 52 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page viii 3) MODIFY TABLES Using ALTER TABLE Queries 54 Add a Column to a Table 56 Add an Index 58 Add a Primary Key or Unique Index 60 Add a Timestamp Column 62 Add an Auto-Increment Column 64 Rename a Column 66 Change a Column Type 68 Delete a Column 70 Delete an Index or Primary Key 72 Rename a Table 74 Change a Table Type 75 4) ADD AND DELETE DATA Using INSERT and DELETE Queries 76 Add a Row to a Table 78 Specify Columns for a New Row 80 Specify Insert Priority 81 Using Auto-Increment Columns 82 Using Timestamp Columns 84 Replace an Existing Row 86 Insert Rows from Another Table 88 Delete a Specific Row 90 Delete All Table Rows 92 Limit the Number of Deleted Rows 93 Delete Data by Date 94 5) UPDATE DATA IN TABLES Using UPDATE Queries 96 Modify a Single Row 98 Modify Multiple Rows 100 Update All Table Rows 102 ix BOOK TITLE: Your visual blueprint forthest of the book title MYSQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page ix x Limit the Number of Rows to Update 103 Update Multiple Columns 104 Update Depending on Column Values 106 Increment a Column Value 108 6) USING SELECT QUERIES Using SELECT Queries 110 Display Data with SELECT 112 Using the WHERE Clause 114 Specify Multiple WHERE Conditions 116 Using the LIMIT Clause 118 Sort Data with the ORDER BY Clause 120 Using the GROUP BY Clause 122 Using Multiple Clauses with SELECT 123 Count Database Rows 124 Calculate Totals and Averages 126 Display Data from Multiple Tables 128 Using JOIN Options 130 Display Data with MySQLGUI 132 7) USING MYSQL FUNCTIONS Math Functions 134 Using Math Functions 136 Compare Numeric Values 138 Understanding String Functions 140 Compare String Values 142 Using String Functions 144 Work with Substrings 146 Understanding Date and Time Functions 148 Work with Dates and Times 150 Display Formatted Dates 152 Add and Subtract Dates and Times 153 Miscellaneous Functions 154 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page x [...]... visual blueprint to open source database management, you can use this book as an informative desktop reference Who This Book Is For If you are interested in creating databases, applications, and data-driven Web sites using MySQL, MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management is the book for you This book introduces you to the SQL language that forms the foundation of MySQL as well as... BOOK MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management uses simple, straightforward examples to teach you how to create powerful and dynamic programs To get the most out of this book, you should read each chapter in order, from beginning to end Each chapter introduces new ideas and builds on the knowledge learned in previous chapters When you become familiar with MySQL: Your visual blueprint. .. to make working with MySQL easier and more efficient Please note that the majority of the tasks in this book are performed using the MySQL monitor Chapter 1 explains how to start the MySQL monitor The tasks in later chapters assume that the reader knows how to start the monitor or another MySQL client 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page xv MYSQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management... management The Organization of this Book MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management contains 13 chapters and three appendices The first chapter, "Introducing MySQL, " introduces the basics of MySQL and describes the components of a MySQL system It shows you how to install MySQL' s client and server software and to start client software, such as the MySQL monitor Chapter 2, "Manage Databases... 236 Create a Form to Add Records 238 Create a Database Search Form 240 13) USING MYSQL WITH PERL Introducing Perl 242 Install Perl under UNIX 244 Install Perl under Windows 246 xii 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page xiii MYSQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management Install the Perl DBI 248 Install the MySQL DBD ... system such as Linux The MySQL server software is available at no charge, and installing it on your system is detailed in Chapter 1 xiv The Conventions in This Book A number of typographic and layout styles have been used throughout MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management to distinguish different types of information Courier Font Indicates the use of MySQL commands, command-line... 173 9) MANAGE THE MYSQL SERVER MySQL Administration Tools 174 Check Server Status 176 Check the MySQL Server Version 177 Start and Stop the MySQL Server under UNIX 178 Start and Stop the MySQL Server Under Windows 180 View and Manage Running Processes 182 Using WinMySQLadmin 184 Manage MySQL with MySQLGUI 186 10)... correct protocols to communicate with the server Another such client, MySQLGUI, is described later in this chapter Server Software Programming Languages The MySQL server software is available from MySQL AB You can find their Web page at www .mysql. com/ The MySQL server is available free of charge for noncommercial use under the open source Gnu Public License (GPL) You can download the software and install... TROUBLESHOOT MYSQL Optimize MySQL 188 Check a Table for Errors 190 Optimize and Repair Tables 192 MySQL Configuration Options 194 Display Server Performance Information 196 Edit the Configuration File in UNIX 198 Edit the Configuration File in Windows 199 xi 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30 AM Page xii TABLE OF CONTENTS View MySQL Log Files... to optimize tables, check for errors and repair damaged tables, and check on and improve the performance of a MySQL server Chapter 11, "Configure MySQL Security," describes MySQL' s security features and shows how you can use them to configure users, control privileges, and manage passwords Chapter 12, "Using MySQL with PHP," describes how you can use the PHP language with MySQL to create databasedriven . Multiple Rows 100 Update All Table Rows 102 ix BOOK TITLE: Your visual blueprint forthest of the book title MYSQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management 1516922 FM.F 9/26/02 11:30. sites using MySQL, MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management is the book for you. This book introduces you to the SQL language that forms the foundation of MySQL as well. familiar with MySQL: Your visual blueprint to open source database management, you can use this book as an informative desktop reference. Who This Book Is For If you are interested in creating databases,