Part V: Painting, Paths, Shapes, and Text 596 When you select the Layer Style option, the Layer Style dialog box is displayed. You can then make the layer style adjustments and apply them to the vector text layer. After you have applied the layer style, the applied effects are added to the vector text layer in the Layers panel, where you can edit them. For example, Figure 18.12 shows applying the Inner Shadow, Inner Glow, Bevel and Emboss, Gradient Overlay, and Stroke effects to a vector text layer. FIGURE 18.12 Because vector text is applied as a layer, you can use the Layer Style option to apply a variety of layer styles to your text. Layer Style button Cross-Ref You can do lots of different things when applying layer styles to vector text layers. For more information about layer styles and how to apply them, see Chapter 10. n Using the Character panel Most of the settings that you apply to text can be done from the Character panel shown in Figure 18.13. The Character panel provides most of the options found in the Type tool options menu and several additional ones that help you define the behavior and appearance of the text. 26_584743-ch18.indd 59626_584743-ch18.indd 596 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Chapter 18: Working with Text 597 FIGURE 18.13 The Character panel provides most of the necessary options to format text. Font size Font family Kerning Vertical scale Baseline shift Language Faux bold Superscript Subscript Underline Strikethrough Anti-aliasing Color Horizontal Scale Tracking Leading Font style Small caps All caps Faux Italics From the Character panel, you can set the following attributes of the text: l Font Family: This option allows you to select the font family from a drop-down menu. You can use the Type preferences settings discussed earlier in this chapter to have Photoshop display a sample of the font next to the font name that makes it easier for you to select an appropriate font because you can see how it looks in the sample. l Font Style: This option allows you to select a typeface font such as italic, bold, hard, light, strong, and so on. The available options depend on the fonts contained in the type- face that is selected. l Font Size: This option allows you to set the size of the font used when displaying the text. You can select the font size from the drop-down list, type the size into the text field, or hover the mouse over the Font Size option until the icon changes to a bidirectional arrow, which you then drag left or right to decrease or increase the value. By default, font size is specified in point units; however, you can change that by adjusting the Type setting in the Units and Rulers settings of the general preferences panel in Photoshop. Tip The actual size varies between different fonts. You should first select the font family and font style before deciding on a font size. n 26_584743-ch18.indd 59726_584743-ch18.indd 597 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Part V: Painting, Paths, Shapes, and Text 598 l Leading: This option specifies the amount of space between the bottom of one line and the bottom of the next when there are multiple lines in the text. You can set this option to the default of Auto, which is 120 percent of the font size, or you can specify a specific value to provide more or less space between the lines. Because the leading measures dis- tance between the bottoms of the lines, if the leading is smaller than the font size, the two lines run into each other. If you have lines of text selected when you adjust the leading value, only those lines are changed. If you have no text selected when adjusting the leading, all the lines in the text are adjusted. Figure 18.14 shows an example of different leading values. FIGURE 18.14 Adjusting the Leading setting alters the amount of space between the bottoms of two lines. l Kerning: This option specifies the amount of space between the individual characters in a word. The purpose of kerning is to solve the problem that occurs when two letters—for example, WA—look awkward when they are positioned next to each other, as shown in Figure 18.15. Using the Kerning option, you can set the kerning using one of three methods: l Metrics: This option uses metric information directly from the font to apply kerning to letters that require it when they are placed next to each other. This is by far the best option to use because the metric information is put into the font by the designer and usually is the most accurate. To apply metric kerning to text, select the vector text layer and then select Metrics from the Kerning pop-up menu. l Optical: This option uses a Photoshop algorithm that scans the text, calculates the space between letters, and adjusts the spacing accordingly. This is the next best algo- rithm to use because Photoshop is usually pretty accurate at gauging the amount of kerning necessary. To apply optical kerning to a word, select the word and then select Optical from the Kerning pop-up menu. To apply optical kerning to the entire vector text layer, select the layer and then select Optical from the Kerning pop-up menu. l Manual: If neither of these methods works for you, you can always manually adjust the kerning by setting a specific value in the Kerning option. To set the kerning value manually, position the cursor between the two letters in Text Edit mode and set the value in the kerning option. You also can use the Alt/Option+ left or right arrow keys on the keyboard to adjust the kerning between the two letters in increments of 20. 26_584743-ch18.indd 59826_584743-ch18.indd 598 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Chapter 18: Working with Text 599 FIGURE 18.15 Adjusting the kerning in words makes letter sequences that look awkward, such as WA, appear more aesthetically pleasing. l Tracking: This option specifies the amount of space between the leading edge of one character and the leading edge of the next. Tracking is measured in positive and negative values. Adjusting the tracking negatively, called tight tracking, makes letters close together. Adjusting the tracking positively, called loose tracking, makes the letters spread out. To adjust the amount of tracking in a vector text layer, select the vector text layer and set the value in the Tracking option. To adjust the tracking of a specific word or set of words, select the text you want to adjust the tracking for and then adjust the value in the Tracking option. Note Both the Tracking and Kerning options are measured in 1/1000 em, where em refers to the width of the lower- case m in the current font and font size. The reason em units are used is that if you change the font or font size later, Photoshop needs to adjust the tracking and kerning accordingly. n l Vertical Scale: This option adjusts the vertical height of characters in relation to the cur- rent font size setting. The scaling is based on percentages, so 100 percent uses the normal font height, but 200 percent uses double the normal font height. The width is not changed by this setting. You can use this setting to adjust the entire vector text layer or just the selected text. l Horizontal Scale: This option adjusts the horizontal width of characters in relation to the current font size setting. The scaling is based on percentages, so 100 percent uses the nor- mal font width, but 200 percent uses double the normal font width. The height is not changed by this setting. You can use this setting to adjust the entire vector text layer or just the selected text. l Baseline Shift: This setting specifies the position of the bottom of the selected text in rela- tion to the baseline. This option is measured in the same units that font size is measured in, which is points by default. This option accepts both positive and negative values. Positive values raise the characters above the baseline, while negative values lower the characters below the baseline. The baseline shift gives you much more control than simply applying a subscript or superscript format to the text. l Color: This option launches the Select Text Color dialog box, which allows you to set the color used to fill in the text. You can use this setting to adjust the color for the entire vec- tor text layer by selecting the vector text layer in the Layers panel or just the selected text. 26_584743-ch18.indd 59926_584743-ch18.indd 599 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Part V: Painting, Paths, Shapes, and Text 600 l Text Format: The following text formatting options allow you to apply the standard text style options to the selected text while you are in Edit mode or to the entire vector text layer if you have selected only the vector text layer in the Layers panel: Faux Bold, Faux Italics, All Caps, Small Caps, Superscript, Subscript, Underline, and Strikethrough. l Language: This option specifies the language option to use for the text when applying hyphenation, spell checking, and other language-specific text options. l Anti-aliasing: This option allows you to set the anti-aliasing method that Photoshop uses to render the edges of the font on the screen. Anti-aliasing tries to smooth the square edge effect by filling in the sharp edges and blend the text with the background. The more anti- aliasing you do, the smoother the transition, although being too aggressive with anti-alias- ing can produce artifacts around the edges of the text. You can select the following anti-aliasing options: l None: This option applies no anti-aliasing to the text. l Sharp: Text appears sharpest. l Crisp: Text appears somewhat sharp. l Strong: Type appears heavier. l Smooth: This option adds the most amount of smoothing around the edges. Tip Too much anti-aliasing can result in some color artifacts around the edges of the font and may produce incon- sistent results when producing low-resolution images such as those used on the Web. To reduce the inconsis- tency, deselect the Fractal Width option in the Character panel menu. n The Character panel menu allows you to set the following additional options: l Change Text Orientation: This option allows you to toggle the text between vertical and horizontal orientation. This option applies to all the text in the vector text layer. l OpenType: The OpenType options menu allows you to toggle on and off the OpenType features that are available for the selected font. You can use this setting to adjust the fea- tures for an entire vector text layer by selecting the vector text layer in the Layers panel or just the selected text. Figure 18.16 shows some examples of the changes in text when you apply some of the OpenType features. The following is a list of the features that Photoshop supports: l Standard Ligatures: Typographic replacements for certain pairs of characters, such as fi, fl, ff, ffi, and ffl. l Contextual Alternates: Alternative characters included in some typefaces that pro- vide better joining behavior. l Discretionary Ligatures: Typographic replacement characters for additional character pairs, such as ct, st, and ft. 26_584743-ch18.indd 60026_584743-ch18.indd 600 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Chapter 18: Working with Text 601 l Swash: Substitutes swash glyphs for certain characters. Swash glyphs are stylized letter- forms with extended strokes or exaggerated flourishes. l Old Style: Replaces numerals with numerals that are shorter than regular numerals. Some old style numerals are placed with their bottoms below the type baseline. l Stylistic Alternates: Replaces certain characters with stylized forms for a more pleas- ing aesthetic effect. l Titling Alternatives: Formats characters, typically in all capitals, for use in large type settings, such as titles. l Ornaments: Adds a personal signature to the type family. These special characters can be used as title page decoration, paragraph markers, dividers for blocks of text, or as repeated bands and borders. l Ordinals: Automatically formats ordinal numbers such as 1st and 2nd with super- script characters. l Fractions: Automatically converts fractions separated by a slash to a shilling fraction. FIGURE 18.16 Applying the OpenType options can add some nice features to the way text appears in the image. l Fractional Widths: When this option is selected, the tracking applied to the text can use values that do not exactly conform to the pixel width on the screen. Enabling fractional widths allows the text to be very clear and readable. You should leave it enabled most of the time. The only time that you may need to disable it is if you are using very small fonts in images that will be displayed on a computer screen—for example, Web graphics. l System Layout: When you set this option, Fractional Widths is turned off and Anti- Aliasing is set to None. This option is typically used only when you are preparing images to only be used on a small computer screen—for example, a cell phone or PDA. l No Break: When this option is selected, the selected words are not hyphenated by Photoshop. l Reset Character: This option resets the selected text to the Photoshop defaults. This is useful if you end up making so many changes to the text that you can’t figure out why it doesn’t look right. 26_584743-ch18.indd 60126_584743-ch18.indd 601 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Part V: Painting, Paths, Shapes, and Text 602 Using the Paragraph panel Many of the layout settings that you apply to text can be done from the Paragraph panel shown in Figure 18.17. The Paragraph panel provides the same alignment options found in the Type tool options menu and several additional ones that help you define layout of the text paragraphs. FIGURE 18.17 The Paragraph panel provides most of the necessary options to format paragraphs. Allign Left Allign Center Allign Right Justify Left Justify Center Justify Right Justify All Add Space After Paragraph Indent Right Margin Add Space Before Paragraph Indent First Line Indent Left Margin From the Paragraph panel, you can set the following attributes of the text: l Align Left: This aligns the text to the left margin, with no justification. l Align Center: This aligns the text to the center, with no justification. l Align Right: This aligns the text to the right margin, with no justification. l Justify Left: This aligns the last line to the left margin, with justification in the rest. l Justify Center: This aligns the last line to the center, with justification in the rest. l Justify Right: This aligns the last line to the right margin, with justification in the rest. l Justify All: This fully justifies the paragraph including the last line. l Indent Left Margin: This specifies the amount to indent the paragraph relative to the left margin. Only the selected paragraph is affected by this setting. l Indent Right Margin: This specifies the amount to indent the paragraph relative to the right margin. Only the selected paragraph is affected by this setting. l Indent First Line: This specifies the amount to indent the first line of each paragraph. 26_584743-ch18.indd 60226_584743-ch18.indd 602 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Chapter 18: Working with Text 603 l Add Space Before Paragraph: This specifies the amount of space to add before the para- graph. This setting is in addition to the leading setting that can be set in the Character panel. l Add Space After Paragraph: This specifies the amount of space to add after the para- graph. This setting is in addition to the leading setting that can be set in the Character panel. l Hyphenate: When this option is selected, Photoshop tries to hyphenate words that fall beyond the right edge of the bounding box. The Paragraph panel menu allows you to set the following additional options: l Roman Hanging Punctuation: When this option is enabled, punctuation such as single quotes, double quotes, apostrophes, commas, periods, hyphens, em dashes, colons, and semicolons appear outside of the margin. This allows justified text to flow evenly down the right margin with the punctuation hanging over the edge. l Justification: This loads the Justification dialog box, shown in Figure 18.18, where you can set options to control how Photoshop performs justification on the paragraph. From this dialog box, you can set the ranges that Photoshop uses for the word, letter, and glyph and the amount of leading to automatically apply to the paragraph when performing justification. FIGURE 18.18 The Justification dialog box allows you to customize how Photoshop justifies text in the paragraph. l Hyphenation: This loads the Hyphenation dialog box, shown in Figure 18.19, where you can set options to control how Photoshop hyphenates words in the paragraph. From this dialog box, you can set the minimum word size, the minimum characters required on both sides of the hyphen, maximum hyphen limit, and whether to hyphenate capitalized words. l Reset Paragraph: This resets the paragraph options to the Adobe default values. This is useful if you make too many changes and simply want to start over. 26_584743-ch18.indd 60326_584743-ch18.indd 603 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM Part V: Painting, Paths, Shapes, and Text 604 FIGURE 18.19 The Hyphenation dialog box allows you to customize how Photoshop hyphenates words in the paragraph. Using the Character and Paragraph Styles panels Photoshop CS5 adds two new panels that can save you lots of time and effort when utilizing text in your images. The Character and Paragraph Styles panels available in the Window menu of Photoshop allow you to create character and paragraph presets that you can save, load, and quickly select during your editing workflow. Using presets allows you to organize text formatting and quickly format text. Note The Character and Paragraph Styles presets apply to the selected text in a text box when in text edit mode or the entirety of text in the box when not in text edit mode. n Character Styles The Character Styles Panel, shown in Figure 18.20, allows you to create and manage the character style presets using the following options from the buttons on the bottom and panel menu: l Clear Override/Clear Modification: If you make any adjustments to the text using the Type tool options or the Character panel, those changes revert to the values defined for the preset. l Redefine Style: Any adjustments to the text using the Type tool options or the Type panel are applied to the preset and the preset is saved. l New Character Style: Creates a new character style preset. l Delete Style: Deletes the currently selected character style preset. l Style Options: Launches a dialog box, shown in Figure 18.20, that allows you to define the values used in the preset that are be applied to the text when the character style is selected. The Character Style Options dialog box contains the following three panels that allow you to define the character settings discussed earlier in this chapter: 26_584743-ch18.indd 60426_584743-ch18.indd 604 5/3/10 10:39 AM5/3/10 10:39 AM . value. By default, font size is specified in point units; however, you can change that by adjusting the Type setting in the Units and Rulers settings of the general preferences panel in Photoshop. Tip The. option is selected, the selected words are not hyphenated by Photoshop. l Reset Character: This option resets the selected text to the Photoshop defaults. This is useful if you end up making. panels Photoshop CS5 adds two new panels that can save you lots of time and effort when utilizing text in your images. The Character and Paragraph Styles panels available in the Window menu of Photoshop