ptg 392 Chapter 16 After all your hard work, you now need to save your document. The saving process involves selecting a specific file format, naming the file, and choosing a destination. Choose a file name that will help identify the document (looking in a folder of 100 images and seeing file names such as image_a, image_b, really doesn't help). Select a destination, such as a hard drive, removable media, or even a rewriteable CD or DVD. Determine the format of the document file. While name and loca- tion are important, the file format is crucial to the future of the image. The file format determines how the document is stored, and what infor- mation is saved with the file. Choosing the wrong format may even pre- vent you from correctly outputting the file. Saving a Document with a Different File Format Save a Document with a Different File Format Open a document. Click the File menu, and then click Save As. Enter a name in the File Name (Win) or Save As (Mac) box. Click the Format list arrow, and then select a format. See the table on the previous page for assistance. Click the Save In (Win) or Where (Mac) list arrow, and then select a location in which to save the document file. 5 4 3 2 1 5 3 4 See Also See “Understanding File Formats” on page 391 for information on the differ- ent file formats. From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Chapter 16 Controlling Image Output 393 Select from the following Save options: ◆ As a Copy. Select the check box to save a copy of the file, while leaving the original open. ◆ Alpha Channels. Select the check box to save any alpha channel information. ◆ Layers. Select the check box to preserve all layers within the document. ◆ Notes. Select the check box to save any note annotations with the document. ◆ Spot Colors. Select the check box to save any spot channel information. Select from the following Color options: ◆ Use Proof Setup. Select the check box to create a color-managed document. ◆ Embed Color Profile (Mac). Select the check box to create a color-managed Macintosh document. ◆ ICC Profile (Win). Select the check box to create a color- managed Windows document. Click Save. 8 7 6 6 7 8 Organizing Documents Organization is a big part of any Photoshop project. For example, you might be working on several images, along with a dozen supporting images and text. When you work on a project, create a project- specific folder and save all the different files you need for that proj- ect in the same folder. That way everything is in one place, so it's easy to access, easy to move, and easy to store. For Your Information From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg 394 Chapter 16 When you save a document, you have the ability to save more than just color information. You can save copyright, camera, and even image category information. This data is saved with the file as metadata in the XMP format (Extensible Metadata Platform), and can be accessed by any application that reads XMP data. In addition, if the image is a pho- tograph, you can save data specifying the type of image, where it was shot, or the camera used. You can even get information on shutter speed and f-stop. That information will not only protect your intellectual property, but will supply you with vital statistics on exactly how you created that one-of-a-kind image. Inserting File Information into a Document Insert File Information into a Document Open a document. Click the File menu, and then click File Info. TIMESAVER Press Alt+Shift+Ctrl+I (Win) or Option+Shift+ A +I (Mac). Click Description, and then enter information concerning the author and any copyright information. Click Camera Data, which reveals information about the camera that took the image. These are read-only fields and include information such as camera model, ISO, aperture, metering, shutter speed, and pixel dimensions. Click History to view historical information about the active document, such as dates last opened and saved, and a list of adjustments performed on the image. Click IPTC, and then IPTC Contact, IPTC Image, IPTC Content, and IPTC Status to enter information concerning the image's creator, description and keywords, location where photograph was taken, date created, copyright, and usage terms. 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 4 5 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Chapter 16 Controlling Image Output 395 Click Origin, and then enter data pertaining to the origin of the image. Click Advanced to view additional information on the active document, such as EXIF, and PDF document properties. Click OK. 9 8 7 6 7 9 Did You Know? You can add metadata to files saved in the PSD, PDF, EPS, PNG, GIF, JPEG, and TIFF formats. The information is embedded in the file using XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform). This allows metadata to be exchanged between Adobe applications and across operating systems. You can use the XMP Software Development Kit to customize the creation, processing, and interchange of metadata. You can also use the XMP kit to add fields to the File Info dialog box. For information on XMP and the XMP SDK, check the Adobe Solutions Network. 8 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg 396 Chapter 16 Compression is Photoshop's way of reducing the size of a document file, kind of like the ultimate weight-loss program. Just click a button, and the file can be reduced to half its original size. Photoshop employs two types of compression schemes: lossy and lossless. Lossy compression reduces the size of the file by removing color information—information that can never be restored to the saved docu- ment. Lossy compression schemes can achieve file reductions of 80% or greater. The Lossless method reduces file size by using compression algorithms that reduce the size of a file without removing image informa- tion. Lossy methods are used primarily for images displayed in browsers (images for the Web). The relatively slow speed of the Internet forces web designers to employ lossy com- pression methods to reduce images down to their smallest values. Lossless methods are used when the reduction of a file is important, but not so much that you would consider removing information. For example, you might want to reduce the size of a group of high-quality TIFF images so they fit on a rewriteable CD. Lossless compression meth- ods can reduce files sizes up to 50%, or even a bit more. Both methods compress documents based on the actual image information. For example, images that contain a lot of solid color infor- mation would compress quite well using the GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) or PNG-8 formats, whereas an image with a lot of con- tinuous tone colors, such as a photograph, would be best compressed using the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format. Understanding File Compression Lossy Lossless From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Chapter 16 Controlling Image Output 397 Format Compression Output Use JPEG Lossy Web/Slide Presentations. PDFs, photographs, and images that contain lots of colors that softly blend together. GIF Lossless Web. Clip art, text, and any images that contain solid colors and images with hard edges. PNG-8 Lossless Web. Clip art, text, and any images that contain solid colors and images with hard edges. PNG-24 Lossless Web/Slide Presentations/PDF/Print. Photographs and images that contain lots of colors that softly blend together. Because the PNG-24 format is lossless, it can not compress images as small as the JPEG format. Therefore, the JPEG format is still the format of choice for compressing images for the Web. ZIP Lossless Used on all image types for image storage and transfer. The Zip compression application lets you compress images without affecting image quality. To open a Zip image, you must have the Unzip application. LZW Lossless Used primarily on TIFF images for image storage and transfer. The LZW compression scheme lets you com- press images without affecting image quality. To open an LZW image, the opening application must have the proper LZW decompress utility. Format Type, Compression Type, and Output Uses From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg 398 Chapter 16 Clip art is defined as non-photographic image information, with a lot of solid-color areas. When saving this type of file, the GIF or PNG-8 formats would work best. The GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics) formats use an RLE (Run Length Encoding) scheme. When the file is saved, areas of solid color are compressed into small units and then restored to the file when it is opened. The GIF format supports a maximum of 256 colors. While that may not seem like much, most GIF images, such as clip art and text, contain far less color information. By reducing the number of colors available for the GIF color table, you can significantly reduce the image's file size. For example, a GIF image composed of black text might only require a maximum of 2 colors (black and white). Experiment with the GIF Colors option to produce small, fast-loading image files. Since the GIF format has been around for a long time, using it almost guarantees that the image will open on a visitor's browser. The PNG format is newer, and has some new encoding schemes that make even smaller files, but it is not supported by all web browsers. Preparing Clip Art for the Web Prepare Clip Art for the Web Open a clip art document. Click the File menu, and then click Save As. Enter a name for the file in the Save As box. Click the Save In (Win) or Where (Mac) list arrow, and then select a location in which to save the file. Click the Format list arrow, and then click CompuServe GIF. Click Save. 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 5 6 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Chapter 16 Controlling Image Output 399 Select from the following Indexed Color options: ◆ Palette. Click the list arrow, and then select from the available color palette options, including Web (Safe), Mac, and Win System panels. ◆ Colors. If you selected a local color, or custom panel, click to select the number of colors saved with the image. The maximum number of colors is 256. ◆ Forced. Click the list arrow, and then select what colors will be retained in the image. ◆ Transparency. Select the check box to preserve any transparent areas. ◆ Matte. If the image contains transparent areas, clicking this list arrow lets you select a color to fill the areas. For example, you could fill all transparent areas of the image with black to match the black background of a Web document. ◆ Dither. Click the list arrow, and then select how you want the remaining image’s color to mix. ◆ Amount. Enter an Amount percentage to instruct the GIF format how aggressively to dither the image colors. ◆ Preserve Exact Colors. Select the check box to force the preservation of the original image colors (based on how many colors were chosen using the Palette option). Click OK. 8 7 8 7 From the Library of Wow! eBook . color- managed Windows document. Click Save. 8 7 6 6 7 8 Organizing Documents Organization is a big part of any Photoshop project. For example, you might be working on several images, along with a dozen. is Photoshop& apos;s way of reducing the size of a document file, kind of like the ultimate weight-loss program. Just click a button, and the file can be reduced to half its original size. Photoshop. with the file as metadata in the XMP format (Extensible Metadata Platform), and can be accessed by any application that reads XMP data. In addition, if the image is a pho- tograph, you can save