PART 4 ENERGY, POWER, AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, 2nd ed, Edited by Myer Kutz. ISBN 0-471-13007-9 © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. f||* p H o ?f!5 U 3; I Ssfcp £ 5 > "Hlr D 2 "0 F||| GO 2 H s^l.^ o rn | a ^ 30 "I 5 co I £<o 1 > "0 ID o "0 m DO m 0) O •n TABLE 39.1 CONVERSION FACTORS 1247 TABLE 39.2 PHASE TRANSITION DATA FOR THE ELEMENTS 1247 TABLE 39.3 PHASE TRANSITION DATA FOR COMPOUNDS 1249 TABLE 39.4 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF LIQUID AND SATURATED VAPOR AIR 1251 TABLE 39.5 IDEAL GAS THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR 1252 TABLE 39.6 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE 1255 TABLE 39.7 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CONDENSED AND SATURATED VAPOR CARBON DIOXIDE FROM 200 K TO THE CRITICAL POINT 1256 TABLE 39.8 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASEOUS CARBON DIOXIDE AT 1 BAR PRESSURE 1257 FIGURE 39.1 ENTHALPY-LOG PRESSURE DIAGRAM FOR CARBON DIOXIDE 1258 TABLE 39.9 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED MERCURY 1259 FIGURE 39.2 ENTHALPY-LOG PRESSURE DIAGRAM FOR MERCURY 1260 TABLE 39.10 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED METHANE 1261 TABLE 39.11 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1262 TABLE 39.12 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SATURATED REFRIGERANT 22 1263 TABLE 39.13 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANT 22 AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1264 FIGURE 39.3 ENTHALPY-LOG PRESSURE DIAGRAM FOR REFRIGERANT 22 1264 TABLE 39.14 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED REFRIGERANT 134a 1265 TABLE 39.15 INTERIM THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANT 134a 1266 FIGURE 39.4 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR OF REFRIGERANT 134a 1268 FIGURE 39.5 ENTHALPY-LOG PRESSURE DIAGRAM FOR REFRIGERANT 134a 1269 TABLE 39.16 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED SODIUM 1270 TABLE 39.17 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ICE/WATER 1271 TABLE 39.18 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM/WATER 1272 TABLE 39.19 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCES AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1274 TABLE 39.20 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NUMBERED REFRIGERANTS 1276 TABLE 39.21 SPECIFIC HEAT (kj/kg • K) AT CONSTANT PRESSURE OF SATURATED LIQUIDS 1279 TABLE 39.22 RATIO OF PRINCIPAL SPECIFIC HEATS, cp/cv9 FOR LIQUIDS AND GASES AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 1280 TABLE 39.23 SURFACE TENSION (N/m) OF LIQUIDS 1281 TABLE 39.24 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (W/m • K) OF SATURATED LIQUIDS 1282 TABLE 39.25 VISCOSITY (10-4 Pa • sec) OF SATURATED LIQUIDS 1283 TABLE 39.26 THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AT 1.013 bar, 298.15 K 1284 TABLE 39.27 IDEAL GAS SENSIBLE ENTHALPIES (kj/kg • mol) OF COMMON PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION 1285 FIGURE 39.6 PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 1287 In this chapter, information is usually presented in the System International des Unites, called in English the International System of Units and abbreviated SI. Various tables of conversion factors from other unit systems into the SI system and vice versa are available. The following table is only intended to enable rapid conversion to be made with moderate, that is, five significant figure, accuracy, usually acceptable in most engineering calculations. The references listed should be consulted for more exact conversions and defintions. Table 39.1 Conversion Factors3 Density: 1 kg/m3 - 0.06243 lbm/ft3 - 0.01002 lbm/U.K. gallon - 8.3454 X 10~3 lbm/U.S. gallon = 1.9403 X 10~3 slug/ft3 = 10~3 g/cm3 Energy: 1 kJ = 737.56 ft-lbf = 239.01 cal^ - 0.94783 Btu - 3.7251 X 10~4 hp hr - 2.7778 x 10-4 kWhr Specific energy: 1 kJ/kg - 334.54 ft-lbf/lbm = 0.4299 Btu/lbm - 0.2388 cal/g Specific energy per degree: 1 kJ/kg • K - 0.23901 Btu^/lb • °F - 0.23901 cal^/g • °C Mass: 1 kg - 2.20462 lbm - 0.06852 slug - 1.1023 X 10~3 U.S. ton - 10~3 tonne - 9.8421 X 10-4 U.K. ton Pressure: 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 105 Pa - 750.06 mm Hg at 0°C - 401.47 in. H2O at 32°F - 29.530 in. Hg at 0°C - 14.504 lb/in.2 - 14.504 psia = 1.01972 kg/cm2 = 0.98692 atm - 0.1 MPa Temperature: T(K) = r(°C) + 273.15 - [7X°F) + 459.69]/1.8 - T(°R)/1.8 Temperature difference: A7(K) - Ar(°C) - A7X°F)/1.8 = A7X°R)/1.8 Thermal conductivity: 1 W/m-K = 0.8604 kcal/m-hr-°C - 0.5782 Btu/ft• hr• °F - 0.01 W/cm • K - 2.390 X 10~3 cal/cm • sec • °C Thermal diffusivity: 1 m2/sec - 38750 ft2/hr - 3600 m2/hr = 10.764 ft2/sec Viscosity, dynamic: 1 N-sec/m2 = 1 Pa -sec = 107 /iP = 2419.1 lbm/ft-hr - 103 cP - 75.188 slug/ft -hr = 10 P = 0.6720 lbm/ft-sec = 0.02089 lbf- sec/ft2 Viscosity, kinematic (see thermal diffusivity) °E. Lange, L. F. Sokol, and V. Antoine, Information on the Metric System and Related Fields, 6th ed., G. C. Marshall Space Flight Center, AL (exhaustive bibliography); C. H. Page and P. Vigoureux, The International System of Units, NBS S.P. 330, Wahsington, D.C., 1974; E. A. Mechtly, The International System of Units. Physical Constants and Conversion Factors, NASA S.P. 9012, 1973. Numerous revisions periodically appear: see, for example, Pure AppL Chem., 51, 1-41 (1979) and later issues. Table 39.2 Phase Transition Data for the Elements9 Name Actinium Aluminum Antimony Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Symbol Ac Al Sb Ar As Ba Be Bi B Br Cd Ca C Ce Cs C12 Cr Co Formula Weight 227.028 26.9815 121.75 39.948 74.9216 137.33 9.01218 208.980 10.81 159.808 112.41 40.08 12.011 140.12 132.905 70.906 51.996 58.9332 TmM 1323 933.5 903.9 83 885 1002 1560 544.6 2320 266 594 1112 3810 1072 301.8 172 2133 1766 A/7fus (kJ/kg) 63 398 163 30 55.8 1355 54.0 1933 66.0 55.1 213.1 390 16.4 180.7 325.6 274.7 7i(K) 3475 2750 1905 87.2 2750 1838 4000 332 1040 1763 4275 951 239 2950 3185 rc(K) 7850 5700 151 2100 4450 6200 4450 3300 584 2690 4300 7200 9750 2015 417 5500 6300 Name Copper Dysprosium Erbium Europium Fluorine Gadolinum Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium Symbol Cu Dy Er Eu F2 Gd Ga Ge Au Hf He Ho H2 In I2 Ir Fe Kr La Pb Li Lu Mg Mn Hg Mo Nd Ne Np Ni Nb N2 Os 02 Pd P Pt Pu K Pr Pm Pa Ra Rn Re Rh Rb Ru Sm Sc Formula Weight 63.546 162.50 167.26 151.96 37.997 157.25 69.72 72.59 196.967 178.49 • 4.00260 164.930 2.0159 114.82 253.809 192.22 55.847 83.80 138.906 207.2 6.941 174.967 24.305 54.9380 200.59 95.94 144.24 20.179 237.048 58.70 92.9064 28.013 190.2 31.9988 106.4 30.9738 195.09 244 39.0983 140.908 145 231 226.025 222 186.207 102.906 85.4678 101.07 150.4 44.9559 7^ 00 1357 1670 1795 1092 53.5 1585 303 1211 1337 2485 3.5 1744 14.0 430 387 2718 1811 115.8 1194 601 454 1937 922 1518 234.6 2892 1290 24.5 910 1728 2740 63.2 3310 54.4 1826 317 2045 913 336.4 1205 1353 1500 973 202 3453 2236 312.6 2525 1345 1813 A/?fus (kJ/kg) 206.8 68.1 119.1 60.6 13.4 63.8 80.1 508.9 62.8 134.8 2.1 73.8 28.5 125.0 13.7 247.3 19.6 44.6 23.2 432.2 106.6 368.4 219.3 11.4 290.0 49.6 16.4 297.6 283.7 25.7 150.0 13.8 165.0 101 11.7 60.1 49 64.8 12.3 177.8 209.4 26.4 256.3 57.3 313.6 7i(K) 2845 2855 3135 1850 85.0 3540 2500 3110 3130 4885 4.22 2968 20.4 2346 457 4740 3136 119.8 3715 2025 1607 3668 1364 2334 630 4900 3341 27.1 4160 3190 5020 77.3 5300 90.2 3240 553 4100 3505 1032 3785 2730 4300 1900 211 5920 3980 964 4430 2064 3550 rc(K) 8280 6925 7250 4350 144 8670 7125 8900 7250 10400 5.2 7575 6150 785 7800 8500 209.4 10500 5500 3700 3850 4325 1720 1450 7900 44.5 12000 8000 12500 126.2 12700 154.8 7700 995 10700 10500 2210 8900 377 18900 7000 2070 9600 5050 6410 Table 39.2 (Continued) Name Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Symbol Se Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Tc Te Tb Tl Th Tm Sn Ti W U V Xe Yb Y Zn Zr Formula Weight 78.96 28.0855 107.868 22.9898 87.62 32.06 180.948 98 127.60 158.925 204.37 232.038 168.934 118.69 47.90 183.85 238.029 50.9415 131.30 173.04 88.9059 65.38 91.22 Tm№ 494 1684 1234 371 1043 388 3252 2447 723 1631 577 2028 1819 505 1943 3660 1406 2191 161.3 1098 1775 692.7 2125 A^fus (kJ/kg) 66.2 1802 104.8 113.1 1042 53.4 173.5 232 137.1 67.9 20.1 69.4 99.6 58.9 323.6 192.5 35.8 410.7 17.5 44.2 128.2 113.0 185.3 7*(K) 958 3540 2435 1155 1650 718 5640 4550 1261 3500 1745 5067 2220 2890 3565 5890 4422 3680 164.9 1467 3610 1182 4681 TC(K) 1810 5160 6400 2500 4275 1210 16500 11500 2330 8470 4550 14400 6450 7700 5850 15500 12500 11300 290 4080 8950 10500 °Tm = normal melting point; A/zfus = enthalpy of fusion; Tb = normal boiling point; Tc = critical temperature. Table 39.3 Phase Transition Data for Compounds3 Substance Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Acetone Acetylene Air Ammonia Aniline Benzene H-Butane Butanol Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorobenzene Chloroform m-Cresol Cyclohexane Cyclopropane Tm (K) 149.7 289.9 178.6 60 195.4 267.2 267.7 134.8 188 216.6 161 68.1 250.3 89.5 228 210 285.1 279.6 145.5 A/7m (kJ/kg) 73.2 195.3 98 96.4 331.9 113.3 125.9 80.2 125.2 184 57.7 29.8 173.9 77.1 31.7 129.4 Tb (K) 293.4 391.7 329.5 189.2 239.7 457.6 353.3 261.5 391.2 194.7 319.6 81.6 349.9 145.2 405 334.4 475.9 356 240.3 khv (kJ/kg) 584 405 501 687 1368 485 394 366 593 573 352 215 195 138 325 249 421 357 477 TO (K) 461 594 508 309 133 405.6 699 562 425.2 563 304.2 552 133 556 227.9 632.4 536.6 705 554.2 397.8 PC (bar) 55.4 57.9 47 61.3 37.7 112.8 53.1 49 38 44.1 73.8 79 35 45.6 37.4 45.2 54.7 45.5 40.7 54.9 Table 39.2 (Continued) Table 39.3 (Continued) Substance n-Decane Ethane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethylene Ethylene oxide Formic acid Heptane Hexane Hydrazine Hydrogen peroxide iso-Butane Methane Methanol Methyl acetate Methyl bromide Methyl chloride Methyl formate Methylene chloride Naphthalene Nitric oxide Octane Pentane Propane Propanol Propylene Refrigerant 12 Refrigerant 13 Refrigerant 13B1 Refrigerant 21 Refrigerant 22 Steam /water Sulfuric acid Sulfur dioxide Toluene Tm (K) 243.2 89.9 158.6 190.8 104 161.5 281.4 182.6 177.8 274.7 271.2 113.6 90.7 175.4 174.8 180 178.5 173.4 176.4 353.2 111 216.4 143.7 86 147 87.9 115 92 105.4 138 113 273.2 283.7 197.7 178.2 A/7m (kJ/kg) 202.1 94.3 109 119 119.5 117.6 246.4 140.2 151.2 395 310 78.1 58.7 99.2 62.9 127.4 125.5 54.4 148.1 76.6 180.6 116.6 80 86.5 71.4 34.3 47.6 334 100.7 115.5 Tb (K) 447.3 184.6 351.5 350.2 169.5 283.9 373.9 371.6 341.9 386.7 431 272.7 111.5 337.7 330.2 277.7 249.3 305 312.7 491 121.4 398.9 309.2 231.1 370.4 225.5 243.4 191.8 215.4 282.1 232.4 373.2 V 268.4 383.8 A/7, (kJ/kg) 276 488 840 366 480 580 502 316 335 1207 1263 386 512 1104 410 252 429 481 328 341 460 303 357 426 696 438 165 148 119 242 234 2257 V 386 339 TO (K) 617 305.4 516 523.3 283.1 469 576 540 507 653 408.1 191.1 513.2 507 464 416.3 487.2 510.2 747 180.3 569.4 469.8 370 537 365 385 302.1 340 451.7 369 647.3 V 430.7 594 PC (bar) 21 48.8 63.8 38.3 51.2 71.9 34.6 27.4 29.7 147 36.5 46.4 79.5 46.9 71.2 66.8 60 60.8 39.5 65.5 25 33.7 42.5 51.7 46.2 41.2 38.7 39.6 51.7 49.8 221.2 V 78.8 41 av = variable; Tm = normal melting point; A/zm = enthalpy of fusion; Tb = normal boiling point; A/zy = enthalpy of vaporization; Tc = critical temperature; Pc = critical pressure. Table 39.4 Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid and Saturated Vapor Air3 S9 (kJ/kg • K) sf (kJ/kg • K) (kJ/kg) hf (kJ/kg) V9 (m3/kg) vf (m3/kg) (MPa) Pf (MPa) T(K) 6.315 6.070 5.875 5.714 5.580 5.464 5.363 5.272 5.189 5.110 5.033 4.955 4.872 4.770 4.38 2.726 2.727 2.798 2.896 3.004 3.114 3.223 3.331 3.436 3.540 3.644 3.750 3.861 3.985 4.38 59.7 64.5 69.1 73.5 77.5 81.0 84.1 86.5 88.2 89.1 89.1 87.7 84.5 78.0 33.6 -144.9 -144.8 -144.0 -132.8 -124.4 -115.2 -105.5 -95.4 -84.8 -73.8 -62.2 -49.7 -35.9 -19.7 33.6 6.876 2.415 1.021 0.4966 0.2685 0.1574 0.0983 0.0644 0.0439 0.0308 0.0220 0.0160 0.0116 0.0081 0.0031 0.001027 0.001078 0.001103 0.001130 0.001160 0.001193 0.001229 0.001269 0.001315 0.001368 0.001432 0.001512 0.001619 0.001760 0.00309 0.0025 0.0077 0.0195 0.0424 0.0826 0.1469 0.2434 0.3805 0.5675 0.8139 1.1293 1.5238 2.0081 2.614 3.770 0.0066 0.0159 0.0340 0.0658 0.1172 0.1954 0.3079 0.4629 0.6687 0.9334 1.2651 1.6714 2.1596 2.743 3.770 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 132.5b av = specific volume; h = specific enthalpy; s = specific entropy; / = saturated liquid; g = saturated vapor. 1 MPa = 10 bar. fe Approximate critical point. Air is a multicomponent mixture. Table 39.5 Ideal Gas Thermophysical Properties of Air3 Pr A (W/m-K) i? (N • sec/m2) vs (m/sec) y CP (kJ/kg • K) s (kJ/kg • K) ft (kJ/kg) i/ (m3/kg) T (K) 0.734 0.732 0.730 0.728 0.726 0.725 0.723 0.722 0.721 0.720 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.719 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.0183 0.0191 0.0199 0.0207 0.0215 0.0222 0.0230 0.0237 0.0245 0.0252 0.0259 0.0265 0.0272 0.0279 0.0285 0.0292 0.0298 0.0304 0.0311 0.0317 0.0323 0.0330 0.0336 0.0342 0.0348 0.0355 0.0361 0.0367 0.0373 1.33 5b 1.39 5 1.44. -5 1.50 5 1.55 5 1.60. -5 1.65 5 1.70 5 1.75 5 1.80 5 1.85 5 1.90 5 1.94. -5 1.99 5 2.04. -5 2.08 5 2.12 5 2.17 5 2.21. -5 2.2S 5 2.29 5 2.34 S 2.3S 5 2.42. -5 2.46 S 2.50 5 2.53 S 2.57 5 2.61. -5 283.3 290.4 297.3 304.0 310.5 317.0 323.3 329.4 335.5 341.4 347.2 352.9 358.5 364.0 369.5 374.8 380.0 385.2 390.3 395.3 400.3 405.1 409.9 414.6 419.3 423.9 428.3 433.0 437.4 1.398 1.399 1.399 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.400 1.399 1.399 1.399 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.397 1.396 1.395 1.395 1.394 1.393 1.392 1.391 1.390 1.389 1.389 1.008 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.004 1.004 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.006 1.006 1.007 1.008 1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013 1.015 1.016 1.018 1.019 1.021 1.022 1.024 1.026 6.4591 6.5082 6.5550 6.5998 6.6425 6.6836 6.7230 6.7609 6.7974 6.8326 6.8667 6.8997 6.9316 6.9625 6.9926 7.0218 7.0502 7.0778 7.1048 7.1311 7.1567 7.1817 7.2062 7.2301 7.2535 7.2765 7.2989 7.3209 7.3425 -103.0 -92.9 -82.8 -72.8 -62.7 -52.7 -42.6 -32.6 -22.5 -12.5 -2.4 7.6 17.7 27.7 37.8 47.9 57.9 68.0 78.1 88.3 98.4 108.5 118.7 128.8 139.0 149.2 159.4 169.7 179.9 0.5666 0.5949 0.6232 0.6516 0.6799 0.7082 0.7366 0.7649 0.7932 0.8216 0.8499 0.8782 0.9065 0.9348 0.9632 0.9916 1.0199 1.0482 1.0765 1.1049 1.1332 1.1615 1.1898 1.2181 1.2465 1.2748 1.3032 1.3315 1.3598 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.718 0.717 0.717 0.717 0.716 0.716 0.716 0.716 0.716 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.715 0.715 0.715 0.716 0.716 0.0379 0.0385 0.0398 0.0410 0.0422 0.0434 0.0446 0.0458 0.0470 0.0482 0.0495 0.0507 0.0519 0.0531 0.0544 0.0556 0.0568 0.0580 0.0592 0.0603 0.0615 0.0627 0.0639 0.0650 0.0662 0.0673 0.0684 0.0711 0.0738 0.0764 0.0789 0.0814 0.0839 2.6S 5 2.69. -5 2.76 S 2.S3 5 2.91. -5 2.9S 5 3.04 5 3.11. -5 3.18 5 3.25 S 3.32 S 3.3S 5 3.45 S 3.51. -5 3.S7 5 3.64 S 3.70 5 3.76 5 3.S2 5 3.8S 5 3.94 S 4.00. -5 4.05 5 4.11. -5 4.17 5 4.23 S 4.2S 5 4.42. -5 4.55 5 4.6S 5 4.81. -5 4.94. -5 5.06. -5 441.8 446.1 454.6 462.9 471.0 479.0 486.8 494.4 501.9 509.3 516.5 523.6 530.6 537.5 544.3 551.0 557.6 564.1 570.6 576.8 583.1 589.3 595.4 601.5 607.5 613.4 619.3 633.8 648.0 661.8 675.4 688.6 701.6 .388 .387 .385 .382 .380 .378 .376 .374 .371 .369 .367 .364 .362 .360 .358 .356 .354 .352 .350 .348 .346 .344 .342 .341 .339 .338 .336 .333 .330 .327 .324 .322 .319 .028 .030 .034 .038 .042 .047 .051 .056 .060 .065 .070 .075 .080 .084 .089 .094 .099 .103 .108 .112 .117 .121 .125 .129 .133 .137 .141 .150 .158 .165 .173 .180 .186 7.3637 7.3845 7.4249 7.4640 7.5018 7.5385 7.5740 7.6086 7.6422 7.6749 7.7067 7.7378 7.7682 7.7978 7.8268 7.8551 7.8829 7.9101 7.9367 7.9628 7.9885 8.0136 8.0383 8.0625 8.0864 8.1098 8.1328 8.1887 8.2423 8.2939 8.3437 8.3917 8.4381 190.2 200.5 221.1 241.8 262.6 283.5 304.5 325.6 346.7 368.0 389.3 410.8 432.3 453.9 475.7 497.5 519.4 541.5 563.6 585.8 608.1 630.4 652.9 675.5 698.1 720.8 743.6 800.8 858.5 916.6 975.0 1033.8 1093.0 1.3882 1.4165 1.473 1.530 1.586 1.643 1.700 1.756 1.813 1.870 1.926 1.983 2.040 2.096 2.153 2.210 2.266 2.323 2.380 2.436 2.493 2.550 2.606 2.663 2.720 2.776 2.833 2.975 3.116 3.258 3.400 3.541 3.683 490 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 . PART 4 ENERGY, POWER, AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Mechanical Engineers' Handbook, 2nd ed, Edited by Myer Kutz. ISBN 0-471-13007-9 © 1998 John Wiley