Galliumnitrate G 951 Gallium nitrate ATC: V03AG Use: hypocalcemic agent against cancer- related hypercalcemia RN: 13494-90-1 MF: GaN,O, MW: 255.74 EINECS: 236-815-5 LD,,,: 55 mgkg (M, i.v.1; 4360 mgkg (M, p.0.); 600 mglkg (M, s.c.); 46 mgkg (R, i.v.) CN: gallium nitratc Go + HNO, GO(NO~)~ Gallium nitrate i Reference(s): Duprk, A.: C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. (COREAF) 86,721 (1878) medicai use as Izypocalcemic agent: EP 109 564 (Sloan Kettering Inst.; appl. 2 1 .IO.l983; USA-prior. 22.10.1982). US 4 529 593 (Sloan Kettering Inst.; 16.7.1985; prior. 20.6.1984, 22.10.1982). medical use as antitumor efict enhancer: JP 1 104 016 (Taishitsu Kenkyukai; appl. 31.7.1987). Fonnulatiorz(s): vial 500 mg Trade Name(s): USA: Ganite (SoloPak) Gallopamil ATC: COI DA; CO8DAO2 Use: coronary vasodilator, verapamil analog RN: 16662-47-8 MF: C,,H,,N,O, MW: 484.64 CN: a-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]propylj-3,4,5-trimethoxy-a-(l- methy1ethyl)benzeneacetonitrile hydrochloride RN: 16662-46-7 MF: C2,H,N,0S . HCI MW: 521.10 3,4.5-trimethoxy- 2-chloro- 2-(3.4.5-trimethoxypheny1)- phenylocetonitrile propane 3-methylbutyronitrile (1) oxyphenyl)ethyl]- chloropropone methylomine 7 952 G Gamolenic acid NaNH2 I + I1 + sodium arnide Reference( s): Galloparnil I DE 1 154 810 (Knoll; appl. 28.4.1961). DE 1 158 083 (Knoll; appl. 19.12.1962). DE 2 059 985 (Knoll; prior. 5.12.1970). Fortnulation(s): f. c. tabl. 25 mg, 50 mg; s. r. tabl. 100 mg (as hydrochloride) Trade Natne(s): D: Gallopamil (ct- Arzneimittel) Procorum retard (Knoll; I: Algocor (Ravizza) 1983) Procorum (Knoll) Gamolenic acid ATC: Dl !AX02 Use: treatment of eczema RN: 506-26-3 MF: C,,H3,O2 MW: 278.44 CN: (Z,Z,Z)-6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid potassium salt RN: 106868-38-6 MF: C,,H2,K02 MW: 316.53 sodium salt RN: 86761-55-9 MF: C,,H2,Na02 MW: 300.42 ri Garnolenic ac~d a From fermentation of Mortierella. b From fermentation of mucor. c Extration and isolation from natural sources (seeds of black currant, evening primrose, borage). 9 Gamolenic acid G 953 Referencefs): a JP59 130 191 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 12.1.1983). JP 60 168 391 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 9.2.1984). JP 63 112 536 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 30.10.1986). WO 8 604 354 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 13.12.1985; J-prior. 22.1.1985,21.2.1985). EP 155 420 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 25.9.1984; J-prior. 9.2.1984, 5.6.1984). EP253 556 (Suntory; appl. 7.7.1987; J-prior. 8.7.1986). EP 276 982 (Suntory; appl. 26.1.1988; J-prior. 27.1.1987). US 4857 329 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; 15.8.1989; appl. 1.8.1986; J-prior. 19.8.1985). Suzuki, 0.: Proc. World Conf. Biotechnol. Fats Oils Ind. (56NIAQ) 1987, p.110-116, Ed. T. H. Applewhite. b JP 1 132 371 (Itochu Seito; appl. 18.11.1987). EP 269 351 (Lion Corp.; appl. 17.1 1.1987; J-prior. 26.1 1.1986). Fukuda, H.; Morikawa, H.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (AMBIDG) 27, 15 (1987); Bioreact. Biotransform., [Pap. Int. Conf.] (56GJAS), p. 386, Ed. G. W. Moody, P.B. Baker (Elsevier, London, 1987). Aggelis. G. et a].: Oleagineux (OLEAAF) 43,3 11 (1988). Hansson, L. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (AMBIDG) 31, 223 (1989). alternative fermentation processes: EP 153 134 (Efamol; appl. 12.2.1985; GB-prior. 21.2.1984). GB 2 163 424 (Nisshin Oil Mills; appl. 22.7.1985; J-prior. 31.7.1984). JP 1 199 588 (Nitto Chem.; appl. 2.6.1988; prior. 27.10.1987). JP 63 240 791 (Kanegafuchi; appl. 27.3.1987). JP 62 210 995 (Nisshin Flour Milling; 12.3.1986). JP 62 232 379 (Nisshin Oil Mills; appl. 2.4.1986). JP49 013 988 (A. Watanabe et al.; appl. 10.1.1969). JP 47 022 280 (Ono; appl. 13.8.1969). c DOS 3 542 932 (HVG Barth, Raiser Co; appl. 4.12.1985). EP 271 747 (Nestle; appl. 25.1 1.1987; CH-prior. 17.12.1986). EP 178 442 (Nestle; appl. 4.9.1985; CH-prior. 10.10.1984). FR 1 603 383 (Ono; appl. 3.10.1968). US 4 703 060 (Nestec S.A.; 27.10.1987; appl. 14.10.1983; prior. 6.4.1983). JP 1051 496 (Nippon Oils and Fats; appl. 21.8.1987). JP63 216 845 (Agency of Ind. Sciences and Techn.; appl. 5.3.1987). Traitler, H. et al.: J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. (JAOCA7) 65, 755 (1988). Wille, H.; Traitler, H.: Fett Wiss. Techno]. (FWTEEG) 90,476 (1988). combination with calcium: EP 261 814 (Efamol; appl. 28.8.1987; GB-prior. 10.9.1986). modeling of androgen action in men: EP 309 086 (Efamol; appl. 9.8.1988; GB-prior. 7.9.1987). prevention of side effects of non-steroidal anti-injlatnmatories: EP 195 570 (Efamol; appl. 7.3.1986; GB-prior. 19.3.1985). treatment of premenstrual syndrome: US 4415 554 (Efamol; 15.1 1.1983; appl. 10.6.1981; GB-prior. 23.1.1978,7.2.1978, 19.4.1978, 17.8.1978, 24.10.1978, 19.1.1979, 30.10.1979). ZA 8 604 779 (Efamol; appl. 27.6.1986; GB-prior. 4.7.1985). treatment of complications of diabetes mellitus: EP218 460 (Efamol; appl. 1.10.1986; GB-prior. 2.10.1985). treatment of skin disorders: US 4 444 755 (Efamol; 24.4.1984; appl. 10.6.1981; prior. 19.1.1979, 30.10.1979) EP 173 478 (Efamol; appl. 5.8.1985; GB-prior. 15.8.1984). treatment of prostatornegaly: JP61 207 330 (Efamol; appl. 6.3.1986; GB-prior. 8.3.1985). treatment of endometriosis: EP 222 483 (Efamol; appl. 1 .lo. 1986; GB-prior. 2.10.1985). 954 G Ganciclovir treatmenr of amnesia: EP 296 751 (Efamol; appl. 15.6.1988; GB-prior. 24.6.1987). treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma: JP 61 087 621 (Nisshin Oil Mills; appl. 5.10.1984). skin improving composition: EP 334 507 (Efamol; appl. 7.3.1989; GB-prior. 22.3.1988). pharmaceutical and dietary composition: EP 3 407 (Verronmay; appl. 20.1 .1979; GB-prior. 23.1.1978). EP 4 770 (Verronmay; appl. 10.4.1979; GB-prior. 11.4.1978). EP 19 423 (Efamol; appl. 8.5.1980; GB-prior. 18.5.1979). US 4 273 763 (Efamol; 16.6.1981; GB-prior. 23.1.1978). Formulation(s): cps. 40 mg, 80 mg, 466-536 mg, 932-1073 mg extract of evening primrose seeds Trade Name(s): D: Epogam (Beiersdorf; 1990) Epogam (Searle) GB: Efamast (Searle) I: Epogam (Whitehall) Ganciclovir (Biolf-62; BW-759U; DHPG; 2'-NOG) ATC: SO1AD09 Use: antiviral nucleoside for treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in AIDS patients RN: 82410-32-0 MF: CYHl3N5O4 MW: 255.23 LD,,: 1 glkg (M, i.p.); 900 mglkg (M, i.v.); >2 g/kg (M, p.0.); >I50 mglkg (dog, i.v.); >I glkg (dog, p.0.) CN: 2-amino-l,9-dihydro-9-[[2-hydroxy-l-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]-6H-purin-6-one monosodium salt RN: 107910-75-8 MF: CyH,,N5Na04 MW: 277.22 'NaOH a 2. KO CH3 ,I 1. paraformaldehyde epichloro- benzyl hydrin alcohol 1.3-di-0-benzylglycerol 2. potossium acetate 3L a I' 'kCH3 I. p-toluene- '2" " 0 sulfonic acid '-0 1.3-di-0-benzyl-2-0- ~~.9-diacet~l (acetoxymethyi)glycerol (1) guanine Gefarnate G 955 0 1. (N1i4)2S04, HMDS 0 2. H,. Pd-C Reference(s): EP 85 424 (Syntex; appl. 3 1.1.1983; USA-prior. 1.2.1982,22.12.1982). EP49 072 (Syntex; appl. 15.9.1981 ; USA-prior. 16.9.1980). US4423 050 (Syntex; 27.12.1983; prior. 24.5.1982, 21.5.1981). US 4 355 032 (Syntex; 14.6.1983; appl. 21.5.1981). Martin, J.C. et al.: J. Med. Chem. (JMCMAR) 26,759 (1983). Ogilvie, K.K. et al.: Can. J. Chem. (CJCHAG) 60, 3005 (1982). Ashton, W.A.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (BBRCA9) 108, 1716 (1982). anhydrous crystalline form: US 4 642 346 (Syntex; 10.2.1987; appl. 24.6.1985). combination with interferon: EP 109 234 (BioLogicals; appl. 3.1 1.1983; USA-prior. 4.1 1.1982). alternative synthesis: McGee, D.P. et al.: Synth. Commun. (SYNCAV) 18, 1651 (1988). ES 548 093 (Inke S.A.; appl. 22.10.1985). ES 549 248 (M.J. Verde Casanova; appl. 25.1 1.1985). WO 8 302 723 (BioLogicals; appl. 12.2.1982). synthesisfronz guanosine: Boryski, J.; Golankiewicz, B.: Synthesis (SYNTBF) 1999 (4), 625. Review: Gao, H.; Mitra, A.K.: Synthesis (SYNTBF) 2000 (3), 329. Fomtulation(s): cps. 250 mg, 500 mg; vial (lyo.) 500 mg (as sodium salt) Trade Name(s): D: Cymeven (~oche) GB: Cymevene (Roche) USA: Cytovene (Rochc) F: CymCvan (Roche) I: Cymavene (Recardati) Cy tovene (Roche) Virgan (ThCa) J: Denosine (Syntex) Gefarnate ATC: A02BX07 Use: peptic ulcer therapeutic, antispasmodic RN: 51-77-4 MF: C2,Hu02 MW: 400.65 EINECS: 200-121-0 LD5,,: 2821 mgkg (M, i.v.); >8 glkg (M, p.0.); 2040 mgkg (R. i.v.); >9 glkg (R, p.0.) CN: (E,E,E)-5,9,13-trimethyl-4,8,12-tetradecatrienoic acid 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-ocladienyl estcr 956 G Gemcitahine Reference(s): BE 617 994 (1st. de Angeli; appl. 23.5.1962; GB-prior. 24.5.1961). fornesylocetic ocid gerar~iol Formulation(s): cps. 50 mg; tabl. 50 mg; vial 50 mg Gefornate Trade Name(s): GB: Gefarnil (Crookes); wfm I: Famesil (AGIPS); wfrn Farnisol (Firma); wfrn Gefarnaxl-forte (De Angc1i)-comb.; wfrn Gefarnil (De Angeli); wfrn Gefarnil Compositum (De Ange1i)-comb.; wfrn Gefarol (Iti); wfrn Nolesil (Geymonat); wfrn Ulco (Elea); wfrn Ulcofarrn (Ausonia); wfrn Ulcofarm (Iton); wfrn Ulcotrofina (Ripari-Gero); wfrn Vagogernil (Benvegna); wfrn J: Alsanate (Dainippon) Dixnalate (San-a) Eszyme Dental (SS Seiyaku) Gefalon (Sawai) Gefanil (Sumitorno) Gefulcer (Ohta) Ketonil (Mohan) Matorozin (Kanto-Isei) Poly 1 (Teikoku) Salanil (Sato) Terpanil (Kakenyaku) Zackal (SS Seiyaku) Zenowal (Daigo-Takeda) Gemcitabine (dFdC; LY- 18801 1) RN: 95058-81-4 MF: C,H,,F,N,O, MW: 263.20 CN: 2'deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride RN: 1221 1 1-03-9 MF: C9H,IF2N30,. HCI MW: 299.66 ATC: LOIBCO5 Use: antiviral, antineoplastic (R)-2,3-0-iso- ethyl brorno- propylidene- difluoroacetate glyceraldehyde Dowex 50W-XI2 HO, + terl-butyldimethylsilyl trifluoromethonesulfonote, 2,6-dimethylpyridine H3CpA17cH3 CH, H CH, toluene diisobutyloluminum hydride (111) (N) f N(c,H,),. CH&IZ IV + CI-S-CH, + I I 0 CH3 CH3 msthane- sulfonyl chloride (V) H~cKN'>H, 3. HPLc YI + t; H3c\ ,CH3 1 trimethylsilyl b ' ,' . trifhoromehonesu~fon~ (MU) CH3 N-acetyl-N.0-bis- (trirnethylsily1)- cytosine (Vn) Gerncitabine u , dcl , pyr~dine, lut~dine, 0 OC 2 H3C~A17CH3 CH3 H CH, Br2, H20, DOC 3. V @H I, b M HO 1 benzoyl chloride OH F 2 diisobutylolumlnum chloride Z-deoxy-2.2- difluoro-0- ribopyranose 958 G Gentamicin 1. VIII. 1.2-dichloroethane, 84 OC 2. NH3. CH30H 3. crystollizotion and separation in isopropanol/HZO 0 O + vrr Yo F Reference(s): a Hertel, L.W. et al.: J. Org. Chem. (JOCEAH) 53 (1 I), 2406 (1988). EP 122 707 (Eli Lilly & Co.; appl. 6.3.1984; USA-prior. 10.3.1983,4.12.1984,4.6.1987). EP 184 365 (Eli Lilly & Co.; appl. 25.1 1.1985; USA-prior. 10.10.1985, 4.12.1984, 3.3.1988) b US 4 954 623 (Eli Lilly & Co.; appl. 13.11.1989; USA-prior. 13.1 1.1989, 20.3.1989). c EP 306 190 (Eli Lilly & Co.; appl. 22.8.1988; USA-prior. 28.8.1987). EP 577 303 (Eli Lilly & Co.; appl. 21.6.1993; USA-prior. 7.4.1993, 22.6.1992, 30.5.1995). Formulation(s): vial 200 mg, 1 g (as hydrochloride) Trude Name(s): D: Gemzar (Lilly) GB: Gemzar (Lilly; as USA: Gemzar (Lilly; as F: Gemzar (Lilly; as hydrochloride) hydrochloride) hydrochloride) Gentamicin (Gentamycin) ATC: D06AX07; JOlGB03; SO1 AAl I ; S03AA06 Use: antibiotic RN: 1403-66-3 MF: unspecified MW: unspecified EINECS: 215-765-8 LD,,,: 43.5 mglkg (M, i.v.); 10 glkg (M, p.0.); 70 mglkg (R, i.v.); 6600 mglkg (R, p.0.); 184 mglkg (dog, i.v.) CN: gentamicin suIfate RN: 1405-41 -0 MF: H2S04 . x unspecified MW: unspecified EINECS: 21 5-778-9 LD,,,: 47 mglkg (M, i.v.); >11.269 glkg (M, pa.); 96 mglkg (R, i.v.); >5 glkg (R, p.0.) H3C-NH NH2 Gentornicin Gentarnicin C1 R1: -CH3 ; RZ: -CH, Gentamicin CZ R1: -CH, ; R~: -H Gentornicin C,, ~1: -H ; RZ: -H From fermentation solutions of Micrornonospora purpurea; Micromonospora echinospora. Gentisic acid G 959 Rejerence(s): US 3 091 572 (Schering Corp.; 28.5.1963; prior. 16.7.1962). US 3 136 704 (Schering Corp.; 9.6.1964; prior. 5.12.1962). Weinstein, M.J. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (AACHAX), 1 (1963). Formulation(s): amp. 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg, 120 mg, 160 mg; eye drops 3 mglml; ointment 3 mglg (as sulfate) Trade Name(s): Dispagent (CIBA Vision) duragentamicin 40180160 (durachzmie) Gencin (curasan) Genta (ct-Arzneimittel) Gentamicin POS (Ursapharm) Gentamytrcx (Mann) Gent-Ophtal (Winzer) Ophtagram (Chauvin ankerpharm) Refobacin (Merck) Sulmycin (Essex Pharma) numerous combination preparations Gentabilles (Schering- Plough) GB: I : Gentalline (Schering- Plough) Gentamicine Chauvin (Chauvin) Gentasone (Schering- Plough)-comb. Palacos (Schering-Plough) Cidomycin (Hoechst) Garamycin (Schering- Plough) Genticin (Roche) Gentisone C (Roche)- comb. Lugacin (Lagap) Minims gentamicin (Chauvin) Citrizan Antibiotic0 (ID1)- comb. Diprogenta (Sca)-comb. Farmomicin (Farmigea)- comb. Genall'a (1ntes)-comb. Genatrop (1ntes)-comb. Gentalyn (Schering- Plough) Gentamen (Pierrel) Gentibioptal (Farmila) Genticol (Siti) Ribomicm (Farmigea) Septopal (Bracco) combination preparations J: Gentacin (Shionogi) USA: Garamycin (Schering) GentaPair (Pharmafair) G-my ticin (Pedinol) Gentisic acid (Acide gentisique) ATC: M01; NO2 Use: anli-inf ammatory, analgesic RN: 490-79-9 MF: C,H,O, MW: 154.12 EINECS: 207-718-5 LDSo: 374 mgkg (M, i.v.); 4500 mg/kg (M, p.0.) CN: 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid monosodium salt RN: 4955-90-2 MF: C,H,NaO, MW: 176.10 EINECS: 225-598-2 LDs,,: 3735 mgkg (M, i.p.); 3900 mg/kg (M, s.c.1 K2C03, 35 bar, 165-170 FH DOH + ca, + - HO HO HO hydro- winone Gentisic acid u Reference(s): US 2 547 241 (Monsanto; 1951; appl. 1950). US 2 588 336 (Monsanto; 1952; appl. 1950). US 2 608 579 (Monsanto; 1952; appl. 1949). US 2 816 137 (Eastman Kodak; 1957; appl. 1954). Fornzulation(s): drg. 21 .I mg (as sodium salt) 960 G Gestodene Trade Narne(s): D: Gentisinamid (Herbrand)- Prigenta (Reis)-comb.; Rheumadrag (Schuck). comb.; wfm wfm comb.; wfm Gestodene (SHB 331) ATC: G03AB; G03AA Use: progestogen, oral contraceptive RN: 60282-87-3 MF: C,,H,,O, MW: 310.44 EINECS: 262-145-8 CN: (17a)-13-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregna-4,15-dien-20-yn-3-one 1. HCI. CH30H. HzO 2. fementative hydroxylation with Penicillium roistrickii (ATCC 10490) b H,C H3C triethyl ortho- formote. p-toluene- H3C sulfonic acid H3C 2.2-dimethyl- 1 5a-hydroxy-3.3-(2,2-dimethyl-trirnethylenedioxy)- 1.3-propanediol 13-ethyl-5(5(tO))-gonsn- 17-one (mixture) (11) 1. (CH,CO),O 2. BrMg-CECH 3. (COOH)2 I1 b. 2. ethynylrnagnesiurn bromide (111) 3. oxalic acid I Gestodene 1. CISi(CH3), 2.111 11 1. trirnethyl- silyl chloride . triethyl ortho- formote. p-toluene- H3C sulfonic acid H3C 2.2-dimethyl- 1 5a-hydroxy-3. 3-( 2,2-dimethyl-trirnethylenedioxy )- 1.3-propanediol 13-ethyl-5(5(tO))-gonsn- 17-one (mixture). progestogen, oral contraceptive RN: 6028 2-8 7-3 MF: C,,H,,O, MW: 310.44 EINECS: 26 2-1 4 5-8 CN: (17a )-1 3-ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregna-4,15-dien-20-yn-3-one 1. HCI. CH30H. HzO 2. fementative. (dog, i.v.); >I glkg (dog, p.0.) CN: 2-amino-l,9-dihydro- 9-[ [2-hydroxy-l-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl ]-6 H-purin-6-one monosodium salt RN: 10791 0-7 5-8 MF: CyH,,N5Na04 MW: 277.22 'NaOH