ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS: NOVEL TRENDS – SYSTEM, ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION ppsx

ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS: NOVEL TRENDS – SYSTEM, ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION Edited by Mohammad A. Matin Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation Edited by Mohammad A. Matin Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Viktorija Zgela Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Randy Drumm, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published July, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation, Edited by Mohammad A. Matin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-461-0 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Part 1 UWB Communication Systems and Signal Processing 1 Chapter 1 Measurements of the Nonlinearity of the Ultra Wideband Signals Transformation 3 Edward Semyonov and Anton Loschilov Chapter 2 Low Sampling Rate Time Acquisition Schemes and Channel Estimation Algorithms of Ultra-Wideband Signals 17 Wei Xu and Jiaxiang Zhao Chapter 3 A Proposal of Received Response Code Sequence in DS/UWB 33 Shin’ichi Tachikawa and Masatoshi Yokota Chapter 4 Genetic Algorithm based Equalizer for Ultra-Wideband Wireless Communication Systems 49 Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde, Xu Zhu, Jingbo Gao, Asoke K. Nandi and Hai Lin Chapter 5 Low Complexity Phase-Unaware Detectors Based on Estimator-Correlator Concept 65 Antti Anttonen, Aarne Mämmelä and Subbarayan Pasupathy Part 2 Hardware Architecture and Implementation 89 Chapter 6 Ultra-Wideband RF Transceiver Design in CMOS Technology 91 Lingli Xia, Changhui Hu, Yumei Huang, Zhiliang Hong and Patrick. Y. Chiang Chapter 7 Ultra Wideband Impulse Radio Superregenerative Reception 113 F. Xavier Moncunill-Geniz, Pere Palà-Schönwälder, Jordi Bonet- Dalmau, Francisco del Águila-López and Rosa Giralt-Mas VI Contents Chapter 8 Transmitter Multi-Path Equalization and Receiver Pulse-Injection Locking Synchronization for Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Communications 137 Changhui Hu, Lingli Xia and Patrick Chiang Chapter 9 Synchronization Technique for OFDM-Based UWB System 161 Wen Fan and Chiu-Sing Choy Chapter 10 Frequency Synthesizer Architectures for UWB MB-OFDM Alliance Application 181 Owen Casha and Ivan Grech Chapter 11 Ultra-Wideband GaN Power Amplifiers - From Innovative Technology to Standard Products 213 Andrey Kistchinsky Chapter 12 A Method for Improving Out-Of-Band Characteristics of a Wideband Bandpass Filter in an LTCC Substrate 233 Shinpei Oshima, Koji Wada, Ryuji Murata and Yukihiro Shimakata Chapter 13 Calibration Techniques for the Elimination of Non-Monotonic Errors and the Linearity Improvement of A/D Converters 247 Nikos Petrellis and Michael Birbas Part 3 Cross Layer Design 265 Chapter 14 Cross-Layer Resource Allocation for MB-OFDM UWB Systems 267 Ayman Khalil, Matthieu Crussière and Jean-François Hélard Part 4 UWB Applications 287 Chapter 15 Throughput Efficiency of Hybrid ARQ Error-Controlling Scheme for UWB Body Area Network 289 Haruka Suzuki and Ryuji Kohno Chapter 16 UWB-over-Fibre in Next-Generation Access Networks 311 Roberto Llorente, Marta Beltrán and Maria Morant Chapter 17 60 GHz Ultra Wideband Multiport Transceivers for Next Generation Wireless Personal Area Networks 331 Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, Emilia Moldovan, Serioja O. Tatu and Ke Wu Preface Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is one of the most promising technologies due to its tolerance to multi-path fading, low possibility of interception and high-bit rate capabilities; its main applications include imaging systems, vehicular radar systems, and communica- tions and measurement systems. Following the power constraint and the extremely wide bandwidth of UWB, a fundamental issue arises, that is how to manage the mul- tiple-user access with efficient utilization of bandwidth, support the QoS requirements of multimedia applications and provide coexistence with the existing users. This book has identified few issues as the previous one and covers several research areas includ- ing Low noise amplifier (LNA), ADC architectures, UWB filter, high power UWB am- plifiers, and UWB low cost transceiver. Mutli-Band OFDM (MB-OFDM) and Direct-Sequence UWB (DS-UWB) are two main proposals for UWB. Due to incompatiblity of these two proposals, UWB faces huge difficulties in commercialization. On the other hand, Impulse Radio UWB (IR-UWB) has been a hot research area in academia. This book explores UWB RF transceiver architectures, including MB-OFDM UWB, DS-UWB and IR-UWB. In fact, the use of microwave frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz) for UWB is a subject of intensive research. However, the use of a millimeter-wave carrier for UWB communication is another promising approach as it enables the design of compact and low-cost wireless trans- ceivers , as it is explained in this book. The investigation of nonlinear distortions of UWB signals runs across considerable dif- ficulties which is shown in chapter 1. This chapter provides a solution as well. The presented solution allows observing nonlinear transformation products of UWB signal against the background of a continuous spectrum of a test signal. Chapter 2 explains low sampling rate time acquisition schemes and channel estimation algorithms for UWB signals. A novel Received Response (RR) sequence is presented in chapter 3 to resolve the ISI problem. Chapter 4 presents a genetic algorithm (GA) based equalization approach for direct sequence ultra-wideband (DS-UWB) wireless communication systems to combat the inter-symbol interference (ISI). X Preface Some recent trends in designing advanced phase-unaware detectors (PUDs) are dis- cussed in chapter 5. These PUDs have created much attention among academic and industrial research communities due to the recent advances in both algorithm and im- plementation issues. A low power 3-5 GHz IR-UWB transceiver architecture is presented in chapter 6 with maximum data rate of 100 Mb/s. Super regenerative receivers are a promising alternative in emerging fields such as wireless sensor networks and medical applications. In chapter 7, the suitability of su- per regenerative receivers in ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB IR) communications has been analyzed. Chapter 8 presents a fully integrated, single-chip IR-UWB transceiver with ADC in 90nm CMOS for a typical short-range wireless communication application. A novel pulse-injection-locking method is used for receiver clock synchronization in the re- ceiver demodulation, leading to significant power reduction by eliminating the high- power oversampling ADC and mixer. The complete transceiver could achieve a max- imum data rate of 500Mbps, through a 10cm distance, consuming 0.18nJ/bit. Synchronization issue which includes timing synchronization and frequency synchro- nization is inevitable in all wireless communication receiver systems and it plays the key role for the system performance. Chapter 9 provides a comprehensive review of the algorithms and architectures for timing and frequency synchronization by consid- ering the real application or implementation. Designing frequency synthesizers for UWB MB-OFDM alliance applications faces par- ticularly stringent challenges and performance criteria. Chapter 10 focuses the current state of the art in frequency synthesis for UWB MBOA applications. Commercial GaN discrete transistors and MMICs can be used in constructions of high power UWB amplifiers. Chapter 11 is devoted to considering the developmental pro- cess in the technology of GaN microwave power transistors and MMICs and to demonstrate the prospects for the development of this technology as an industrial standard in the nearest future. In chapter 12, a method for improving out-of-band characteristics of a wideband bandpass filter has been presented, which is suitable for the compact UWB wireless modules. The module consists of an LTCC substrate, integrated circuits, chip compo- nents, a shield, and the passive components embedded in the LTCC substrate (e.g. the bandpass filter, coupler and balun). A number of calibration methods as well as a number of generic error compensation methods based on the processing of the ADC output are presented in chapter 13. Chapter 14 defines the cross-layer strategy for a distributed multiuser resource alloca- tion scheme under QoS requirements in MB-OFDM systems. [...]... Nonlinear Distortion on CDMA Communication Systems IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.44, No.12, (December 1996), pp 2743-2750, ISSN: 0018-9480 16 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation Green, E & Roy, S (2003) System Architectures for High-rate Ultra- wideband Communication Systems: A Review of Recent Developments, 22.02.2011, Available... that the use of low-frequency signals is needed 10 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation We've done the experimental investigations of 10-mm-dia, 1-mm-thick low-carbon-steel and aluminum disks (E Semyonov & A Semyonov, 2007) The objects were placed above the inductor coils with the diameter of 10 mm and at the distance of 2.5 mm from their end surfaces... al., 2002) or by means of rejection of narrow frequency band in the test-signal 4 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation spectrum (Snezko & Werner, 1997) In this case, it is possible to observe only nonlinear transformation products adjacent to nulls In the given work, we consider some examples and peculiarities of practical use of our method, which allows... consecutive symbols are chosen to be 0 , and the rest symbols alternately switch between 1 and 0 The transmitted signal propagates through an L-path fading channel as shown in (3) Using the first arriving time τ0 , we define the relative time delay of each multipath as τl,0 = τl − τ0 20 4 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH (n+1)Ts... and reflected pulses about 300 ps 7 Measurement of nonlinearity of ultra wideband receivers The considered method permits nonlinear distortions of test signals by the generator Therefore, if the channel between the generator and the receiver is linear, then we measure nonlinear signals distortions only by the receiver (E Semyonov & A Semyonov, 2007) 14 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends –. .. Fig 3 Baseband pulsed vector network analyzer R4-I-01 (a) and screenshot of the main window of ImpulseM 2.0 software (b) Thin curve shows the response Su[u1(t)] of the network which shown in Fig 1b, thick curve shows the nonlinearity characteristic ε*(t) for this network 8 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation The device is designed for network analysis... capture at any time Second, we propose a novel optimum data-aided channel estimation scheme that only relies on frame-level sampling rate data to derive channel parameter estimates from the received waveform The simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach 18 2 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH... up-to-date arbitrary waveform generators is about 10 GHz and they are very expensive We consider the approach to solve this problem by using analog shaping of signals by passive circuits The example of sounding of Schottky diode by the 300 ps impulse is described here 12 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation An experimental setup for investigating the... narrowband systems However, these approaches inevitably require a searching procedure and are inherently time-consuming Too long synchronization time will affect Low Sampling Rate Time Acquisition Schemes and Channel Estimation Algorithms of Ultra- Wideband Signals Low Sampling Rate Time Acquisition Schemes and Channel Estimation Algorithms of Ultra- wideband Signals 19 3 symbol detection Furthermore, implementation. .. However, when Iξ,0 > 0 , ξ could belong to either [0, Tη ) or [Tη + Tf , Tf) To resolve 2 this difficulty, we introduce the second template W1 (t) in the next section 22 6 Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH 3.3 Analysis of symbol-rate sampled data Y1 [ n ] The symbol-rate sampled data Y1 [ n ] is obtained when the template W1 (t) is . ULTRA WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS: NOVEL TRENDS – SYSTEM, ARCHITECTURE AND IMPLEMENTATION Edited by Mohammad A. Matin Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends. Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation, Edited by Mohammad A. Matin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-461-0 free online editions of InTech Books and. or by means of rejection of narrow frequency band in the test-signal Ultra Wideband Communications: Novel Trends – System, Architecture and Implementation 4 spectrum (Snezko & Werner,