ANESTHESIA - FIFTH EDITION ppt

Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc. By OkDoKeY Frontmatter Copyright Page Title Page Contributors Preface to the Fifth Edition Section 1 - Introduction 1 - History of Anesthetic Practice Section 2 - Scientific Principles 2 - Basic Principles of Pharmacology Related to Anesthesia 3 - Mechanisms of Action 4 - Uptake and Distribution 5A - Cardiovascular Pharmacology 5B - Pulmonary Pharmacology 6 - Metabolism and Toxicity of Inhaled Anesthetics 7 - Inhaled Anesthetic Delivery Systems 8 - Barbiturates 9 - Nonbarbiturate Intravenous Anesthetics 10 - Intravenous Opioid Anesthetics 11 - Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems 12 - Pharmacology of Muscle Relaxants and Their Antagonists 13 - Local Anesthetics 14 - The Autonomic Nervous System 15 - Respiratory Physiology and Respiratory Function During Anesthesia 16 - Cardiac Physiology 17 - Hepatic Physiology 18 - Renal Physiology 19 - Cerebral Physiology and the Effects of Anesthetics and Techniques 20 - Neuromuscular Physiology and Pharmacology 21 - Research Design and Statistics in Anesthesia Section 3 - Anesthesia Management 22 - Risk of Anesthesia 23 - Preoperative Evaluation 24 - Pulmonary Function Testing 25 - Anesthetic Implications of Concurrent Diseases 26 - Patient Positioning 27 - Malignant Hyperthermia 28 - Fundamental Principles of Monitoring Instrumentation 29 - Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia 30 - Cardiovascular Monitoring 31 - Transesophageal Echocardiography 32 - Electrocardiography 33 - Respiratory Monitoring 34 - Renal Function Monitoring 35 - Neurologic Monitoring 36 - Neuromuscular Monitoring 37 - Temperature Monitoring 38 - Acid-Base Balance 39 - Airway Management 40 - Monitored Anesthesia Care 41 - Deliberate Hypotension 42 - Spinal, Epidural, and Caudal Anesthesia 43 - Nerve Blocks 44 - Regional Anesthesia in Children 45 - Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology 46 - Transfusion Therapy 47 - Autologous Transfusion Section 4 - Subspecialty Management 48 - Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery 49 - Anesthesia for Adult Cardiac Surgery 50 - Anesthesia for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery 51 - Anesthesia for Vascular Surgery 52 - Neurosurgical Anesthesia 53 - Anesthesia and the Renal and Genitourinary Systems 54 - Anesthesia and the Hepatobiliary System 55 - Organ Transplantation 56 - Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery 57 - Anesthesia for Obstetrics 58 - Resuscitation of the Newborn 59 - Pediatric Anesthesia 60 - Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery 61 - Anesthesia for the Elderly 62 - Anesthesia for Trauma 63 - Anesthesia for Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery 64 - Anesthesia for Laser Surgery 65 - Outpatient Anesthesia 66 - Anesthesia at Remote Locations 67 - Clinical Care at Altered Environmental Pressure 68 - The Postanesthesia Care Unit 69 - Acute Perioperative Pain 70 - Chronic Pain Section 5 - Critical Care Medicine 71 - Overview of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine 72 - Respiratory Care 73 - Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care 74 - Nutritional Aspects 75 - Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support 76 - Brain Death Section 6 - Ancillary Responsibilities and Problems 77 - Scope of Modern Anesthetic Practice 78 - Finding Professional Information on the Internet 79 - Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement 80 - Human Work Environment and Simulators 81 - Teaching Anesthesia 82 - Operating Room Management 83 - Electrical Safety in the Operating Room 84 - Environmental Safety Including Chemical Dependency 85 - Ethical and Legal Aspects APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Pulmonary Artery Catheterization I. Introduction II. Methodology III. Clinical Effectiveness of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization IV. Public Policy Issues V. Recommendations Preoperative Catheterization Competency VI. Research Agenda References APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography Wall Motion, Myocardial Ischemia, and Coronary Artery Disease Hemodynamic Function Valvular Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Cardiomyopathy Cardiac Aneurysms Endocarditis Cardiac Tumors Foreign Bodies Air Emboli Intracardiac Thrombi Pulmonary Emboli Emboli during Orthopedic Procedures Traumatic Cardiac Injuries Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Disruption Sources of Aortic Emboli Pericarditis Pericardial Effusions and Tamponade Pleuropulmonary Diseases Transplant Surgery Mechanical Circulatory Support, Defibrillators, and Catheter Placement Cardioplegia Nonoperative Critical Care Medicine Adverse Effects Certification, Credentialing, Quality Assurance, and Training Training References APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway Introduction Guidelines Appendix APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Blood Component Therapy Adverse Effects Costs Red blood cells Platelets Fresh-frozen Plasma Cryoprecipitate Conclusions References APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists Guidelines Appendix 1: Methods and Analyses Appendix 2: Definition of Terms Appendix 3: Summary of Guidelines GUIDELINES FOR AMBULATORY SURGICAL FACILITIES (Approved by House of Delegates on October 11, 1973 and last amended on October 12, 1988) APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Acute Pain Management in the Perioperative Setting Introduction Guidelines Appendix: Assessment of Scientific Evidence and Consultant Opinion References APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain Management Guidelines Appendix: Methods and Analyses APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Cancer Pain Management I. Comprehensive Evaluation and Assessment of the Patient with Cancer Pain II. Longitudinal Monitoring of Pain III. Involvement of Specialists from Multiple Disciplines IV. Paradigm for the Management of Cancer Pain V. Management of Cancer-related Symptoms and Adverse Effects of Pain Therapy VI. Recognition, Assessment, and Management of Psychosocial Factors VII. Home Parenteral Therapy VII. End-of-Life Care IX. Recognition and Management of Special Features of Pediatric Cancer Pain Management Appendix 1. Assessment of Scientific Evidence and Consultant Opinion Appendix 2. Adverse Drug Effects from Opioid Therapies APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures A. Purposes of the Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting B. Focus C. Application D. Task Force Members and Consultants E. Availability and Strength of Evidence Guidelines Appendix: Methods and Analyses APPENDIX: Practice Guidelines for Obstetrical Anesthesia A. Purposes of the Guidelines for Obstetrical Anesthesia B. Focus C. Application D. Task Force Members and Consultants E. Availability and Strength of Evidence Guidelines Appendix: Methods and Analyses. References APPENDIX: Systeme International SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc. 4A 2A CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE A division of Harcourt Brace & Company The Curtis Center Independence Square West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Anesthesia / editor, Ronald D. Miller; atlas of regional anesthesia procedures illustrated by Gwenn Afton-Bird 5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-443-07988-9 (set) 1. Anesthesia. I. Miller, Ronald D. [DNLM: 1. Anesthesia. WO 200 A573 2000] RD81.A54 2000 617.9 6 dc21 DNLM/DLC 99-19722 ANESTHESIA 0-443-07988-9(set) 0-443-07995-1(Vol. 1) Copyright © 2000, 1994, 1990, 1986, 1981 by Churchill Livingstone 0-443-07996-X(Vol. 2) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3A Consulting Editors Roy F. Cucchiara, M.D. Professor of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Florida Edward D. Miller Jr., M.D. Dean of the Medical Faculty CEO, Johns Hopkins Medicine Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland J. Gerald Reves, M.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Michael F. Roizen, M.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Professor, Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois John J. Savarese, M.D. The Joseph F. Artusio Professor and Chairman Department of Anesthesiology New York Presbyterian Hospital Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College Cornell University New York, New York 1A /das/book/view/29494766/875/1.html Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc. ANESTHESIA FIFTH EDITION Volume 1 Edited by Ronald D. Miller M.D. Professor and Chairman of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Professor of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department of Anesthesia University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, California Atlas of Regional Anesthesia Procedures illustrated by Gwenn Afton-Bird, M.S. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company Philadelphia London Toronto Montreal Sydney Tokyo Edinburgh 5A /das/book/view/29494766/875/2.html Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc. Contributors Hugo van Aken M.D., Ph.D. Chairman and Professor of Anesthesiology Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, Munster, Germany David D. Alfery M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee J. Jeffrey Andrews M.D. Professor and Vice-Chair for Clinical Development, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Chief, Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Administration, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama Joseph F. Antognini M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California William P. Arnold III M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Solomon Aronson M.D. Associate Professor and Director of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Illinois Michael J. Avram Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois Jeffrey M. Baden F.R.C.A., M.R.C.P. (UK) Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Staff Anesthesiologist, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, California Peter Bailey M.D. Professor and Director, Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah Michael J. Banner Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Shands Teaching Hospital, Gainesville, Florida Steven J. Barker M.D. Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Nathan M. Bass M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Attending Physician, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California Jonathan L. Benumof M.D. Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine La Jolla, California Susan Black M.D. Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 6A Thomas J.J. Blanck M.D., Ph.D. Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology and Biophysics, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Director, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York David L. Brown M.D. Professor and Head, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Head, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa Michael K. Cahalan M.D. Professor, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Director of Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery, Moffitt and Long Hospitals, San Francisco, California James E. Caldwell M.D. Professor and Director of Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California Enrico M. Camporesi M.D. Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology; Professor of Physiology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York Donald Caton M.D. [...]... Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc Section 1 - Introduction 1 Chapter 1 - History of Anesthetic Practice Leroy D Vandam INTRODUCTION ANTECEDENTS OF MODERN ANESTHESIA Inhalational Anesthesia Local Anesthesia Intravenous Anesthesia THE RISE OF INHALATIONAL ANESTHESIA PROFESSIONAL ANESTHESIA IN ENGLAND: APPLICATION TO OBSTETRICS DEVELOPMENTS IN SURGERY LOCAL ANESTHESIA. .. Miller: Anesthesia, 5th ed., Copyright © 2000 Churchill Livingstone, Inc Preface to the Fifth Edition The Fourth Edition of Anesthesia is widely recognized as the most complete and thorough analysis and presentation available on the specialty of anesthesiology The consulting editors and I examined the Fourth Edition carefully to ensure that the entire specialty of anesthesiology in the Fifth Edition. .. Therefore, a major emphasis in the Fifth Edition was to facilitate the overall understanding of the subject being discussed In the Fourth Edition, color illustrations were inserted with regard to certain key illustrations In the Fifth Edition, additional color was added, which should facilitate the ease of reading the text Furthermore, a decision was made to develop a CD-ROM to provide a verbal and visual... previous editions, each chapter is written as a complete discussion of its topic and is fully referenced As a result, there is some overlap from chapter to chapter This overlap provides the reader with contrasting but equally valid views on many important areas in anesthesia Also, there was an attempt to provide cross-referencing from one chapter to another on a particular topic With each new edition of Anesthesia, ... Regional Anesthesia Techniques and Agents: Procaine and Epinephrine INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA Pierre-Cyprien Ore Anociassociation The Barbiturates THE EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONALISM IN AMERICA The Milieu Francis Hoeffer McMechan Elmer I McKesson Ralph M Waters THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN ANESTHESIA The American Society of Anesthesiologists Progress Since 1940 /das/book/view/29494766/875/5.html Miller: Anesthesia, ... "firsts" relative to the development of anesthesia: coining the term "regional anesthesia, " keeping anesthesia records, being the first in the United States to employ the Riva-Rocci technique for measurement of blood pressure intraoperatively, using a precordial stethoscope during operation, and being a surgeon who first appointed a physician, Walter M Boothby, in charge of anesthesia at his clinic in Boston... of Anesthesia and Analgesia in 1914 (Fig 1-4 ) , which survived until 1926, with McMechan as editor; he also served as editor of a Year Book on Anesthesia and Analgesia His formation of one group after another in the United States and Canada led ultimately to the National Anesthesia Research Society, then to the International Society, whose medium of reporting in 1922 became Current Researches in Anesthesia. .. treatment of the subject matter being described There are some modest changes in the subject matter and its reorganization in the Fifth Edition of Anesthesia From a monitoring point of view, the use of transesophageal echocardiography is increasingly becoming a standard in anesthesia, not only for patients with cardiac surgery but also for many other patients with critical illnesses or procedures being... Professor and Director, Outcomes Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Professor, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Vice-Chair, Department of Anesthesia, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Steven L Shafer M.D Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo... cum modesta, ad Eadem, Responsione Kiloni, 1667.) operator permitted cocaine-drenched saliva to drip from the mouth onto the wound, thereby providing creditable local anesthesia Intravenous Anesthesia One can construe that Harvey's studies of the circulation enabled both Percival Christopher Wren and Daniel Johann Major (Fig 1-1 ) (Figure Not Available) to conceive the idea of injection of medicinals . index. ISBN 0-4 4 3-0 798 8-9 (set) 1. Anesthesia. I. Miller, Ronald D. [DNLM: 1. Anesthesia. WO 200 A573 2000] RD81.A54 2000 617.9 6 dc21 DNLM/DLC 9 9-1 9722 ANESTHESIA 0-4 4 3-0 798 8-9 (set) 0-4 4 3-0 799 5-1 (Vol Elderly 62 - Anesthesia for Trauma 63 - Anesthesia for Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery 64 - Anesthesia for Laser Surgery 65 - Outpatient Anesthesia 66 - Anesthesia at Remote Locations 67 - Clinical. Transplantation 56 - Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery 57 - Anesthesia for Obstetrics 58 - Resuscitation of the Newborn 59 - Pediatric Anesthesia 60 - Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery 61 - Anesthesia