SEDIMENT TRANSPORT – FLOW PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGY pdf

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT – FLOW PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGY Edited by Faruk Bhuiyan Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology Edited by Faruk Bhuiyan Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Dr. Morley Read, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology, Edited by Faruk Bhuiyan p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-374-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 A Sediment Graph Model Based on SCS-CN Method 1 P. K. Bhunya, Ronny Berndtsson, Raj Deva Singh and S.N.Panda Chapter 2 Bed Forms and Flow Mechanisms Associated with Dunes 35 Ram Balachandar and H. Prashanth Reddy Chapter 3 Stochastic Nature of Flow Turbulence and Sediment Particle Entrainment Over the Ripples at the Bed of Open Channel Using Image Processing Technique 69 Alireza Keshavarzi and James Ball Chapter 4 Stochastic and Deterministic Methods of Computing Graded Bedload Transport 93 Faruk Bhuiyan Chapter 5 Methods for Gully Characterization in Agricultural Croplands Using Ground-Based Light Detection and Ranging 101 Henrique Momm, Ronald Bingner, Robert Wells and Seth Dabney Chapter 6 Modeling Channel Response to Instream Gravel Mining 125 Dong Chen Chapter 7 Modeling of Sediment Transport in Surface Flow with a Grass Strip 141 Takahiro Shiono and Kuniaki Miyamoto Chapter 8 Clear-Water Scour at Labyrinth Side Weir Intersection Along the Bend 157 M. Emin Emiroglu Chapter 9 On the Influence of the Nearbed Sediments in the Oxygen Budget of a Lagunar System: The Ria de Aveiro - Portugal 177 José Fortes Lopes VI Contents Chapter 10 Environmental Observations on the Kam Tin River, Hong Kong 207 Mervyn R. Peart, Lincoln Fok and Ji Chen Chapter 11 Unraveling Sediment Transport Along Glaciated Margins (the Northwestern Nordic Seas) Using Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction of Bulk (< 2mm) Sediment 225 J.T. Andrews Chapter 12 Reconstruction of the Kinematics of Landslide and Debris Flow Through Numerical Modeling Supported by Multidisciplinary Data: The 2009 Siaolin, Taiwan Landslide 249 Chien-chih Chen, Jia-Jyun Dong, Chih-Yu Kuo, Ruey-Der Hwang, Ming-Hsu Li and Chyi-Tyi Lee Preface It is my pleasure to write the preface of the book “Sediment Transport - Flow and Morphological Processes” published by Intech Open Access Publisher. The transport of sediment in the turbulent flow comprises of complex phenomena. Although sediment transport due to water flow is directly related with long-term and short-term alteration of the earth's surface, which has significance in science, engineering and environmental applications, up until now the scientific progress in quantifying the relevant processes has been rather slow. This explains the reason for abundance of empiricism and independent field observations in this discipline. It has been several decades since the advent of our understanding on micro-level turbulence properties of fluid flows that we have started to apply our knowledge on turbulence for transport in geophysical boundary layers. Intech Open Access Publisher has taken a good step to publish a series of books on the issues of sediment transport. The participation to the current book is by special invitation to authors selected based on their previous contributions in recognized scientific journals. Consequently, contents of the chapters are the reflections of the authors’ research thoughts. This book provides indications on current knowledge, research and applications of sediment transport processes. The first three chapters of the book present basic and advanced knowledge on flow mechanisms and transport. These are followed by examples of modeling efforts and individual case studies on erosion-deposition and their environmental consequences. I believe that the materials of this book would help a wide range of readers to update their insight on fluvial transport processes. Finally, I would like to thank Intech Open Access Publisher for inviting me to contribute as a book editor. Special thanks are also due to the Publishing Process Manager for her cooperation and help during preparation of the book. Dr Faruk Bhuiyan Department of Water Resources Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh [...]... catchment area and not on the transport capacity of the flow Fluid flow and sediment transport are obviously linked to the formation of primary sedimentary structures Here in this chapter, we tackle the question of how sediment moves in response to flowing water that flows in one direction 2 Fluid flow and sediment transport The action of sediment transport which is maintained in the flowing water is... discuss a simple sediment yield model based on SCS-CN method, Power law (Novotony and Olem, 1994), and utilizes linear 20 Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology reservoir concept similar to Nash (1960) to estimate sediment flow rates and total sediment yield as well Briefly the model comprises of (i) the mobilized sediment estimation by SCSCN method and Power law (Novotony and Olem, 1994),... a turbulent flow by setting y to 0.4 times the depth of the flow i.e y = 0.4D Experiments have shown that the average velocity is at 40% of the depth of the flow above the boundary 8 Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology 3.1.2 Flow Froude Number (F) Classification of flows according to their water surface behaviour, is an important part of the basis for classification of flow regime a... satisfactory performance of the model for sediment graph computations 26 Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology 900 OBSERVED 800 PROPOSED MODEL Sediment outflow rate (Tons/hr) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (hr) Fig 19 Comparison of observed and computed sediment graphs for the storm of August, 18-19, 1984 Com puted total sedim outflow (Tons) ent 2900 2400 Line of perfect... burst and vise versa, however, the frequency of bursting and sweeps are approximately equal 3.5 Sediment transport under unidirectional flows The sediment that is transported by a current comes under two main classes: Wash load: silt and clay size material that remains in suspension even during low flow events in a river A Sediment Graph Model Based on SCS-CN Method 13 Bed material load: sediment (sand... equations relating sediment grain size distribution of the bed and bank sediment throughout a % of the basin over decadal timescales 4 Sediment transport This is the movement of solid particles and sediment is naturally-occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of fluids such as wind, water, or ice and/ or by the force... m2/s) and R  UD  The value of R determine the type of flows in the following manner: a Laminar flows: R . SEDIMENT TRANSPORT – FLOW PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGY Edited by Faruk Bhuiyan Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology Edited by. question of how sediment moves in response to flowing water that flows in one direction. 2. Fluid flow and sediment transport The action of sediment transport which is maintained in the flowing water. Fig. 4. Reynolds’s experiments for different types of flows Sediment Transport – Flow Processes and Morphology 6 In laminar flows, the fluid momentum is transferred only by viscous