[...]... Effects in the End Bearing Capacity of Open-Ended Piles in Sand, Paper No 7975-MS (1996), doi:10.4043/7975-MS Iskander, M.G., Olson, R.E.: Review of API Guidelines for Pipe Piles in Sand In: Proc., Civil Engineering in the Oceans V, ASCE, pp 798–812 (1992) Kishida, H., Isemoto, N.: Behavior of Sand Plugs in Open Ended Steel Pipe Piles In: Proc 9th Int Conf on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,... severe changes in soil properties and state of stress caused by pile driving, difficulties in measuring field soil properties particularly in the marine environment, variations in loading details and pile installation procedures, M Iskander: Behavior of Pipe Piles in Sand, SSGG, pp 1–6 springerlink.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 2 1 Introduction uncertainties in the behavior of the soil... Susumu, M.: Behavior of Dry Sands in Steel Pipe Piles In: Proc 8th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conf., Kuala Lumpur (1985) Lacasse, S.: Uncertainties in Offshore Geotechnical Engineering, Int Survey of API-RP 2A Design Parameters for Axial Capacity of Driven Piles in Sand, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Report No: 85307-14 (1998) Lehane, B., Gavin, K.: Base Resistance of Jacked Pipe Piles in Sand ASCE... predicted using the API method is larger for piles in cohesionless soils than for comparable piles in cohesive soils (Dennis and Olson 1983a and 1983b) The margin of error M Iskander: Behavior of Pipe Piles in Sand, SSGG, pp 7–23 springerlink.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 8 2 Review of Design Guidelines for Piles in Sand in the prediction is particularly high for open-ended steel pipe piles, ... found that the plug length increased with increasing relative density of insitu sands during driving and decreased with increasing relative density during jacking Also, during installation, the jacked piles exhibited a greater tendency to plug than the driven piles This points to the importance of testing driven model piles 1.2.2 Buildup of Pore Water Pressure Arching of soils inside the pile to form... predicting the axial capacity of piles in sand have long been the source of considerable debate due to the geotechnical profession’s inadequate understanding of pile behavior Analytical studies, alone, cannot resolve the uncertainties in axial capacity predictions due to the complex nature of pile behavior in sand This chapter presents some of the factors which occur during installation and loading of pipe. .. on steel pipe piles in sand Olson (1990) used data for only four open-ended pipe piles in sand along with data for 31 closed-ended pipe piles in sand The current study uses a database of 47 load tests, of which thirteen are for open-ended pipe piles (Table 2.2) The piles used in this study ranged in length from 10 to 140 ft, and in diameter from 8 to 32 inches 2.3 The Database 11 In applying the API... load in pounds pile length in inches cross sectional area of the pile in square inches modulus of elasticity of pile material in psi displacement in inches required to mobilize side shear displacement in inches required to mobilize end bearing diameter of the pile in feet (2.8) 12 2 Review of Design Guidelines for Piles in Sand Table 2.2 Database of Load Tests on Steel Pipe Piles Load Test Location Length... Capacity of Pipe Piles in Sands In: Proc 1st Regional Conf and Exhibition on Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, Manama, Bahrain, pp 383–394 ASCE–SAS (1994) Paik, K., Salgado, R.: Determination of Bearing Capacity of Open-Ended Piles in Sand ASCE J Geotechnical & Geoenvironmental Engr 129(1), 46–57 (2003) Paik, K., Salgado, R., Lee, J., Kim, B.: Behavior of Open- and Closed-Ended Piles Driven Into Sands... both terrestrial and offshore piles 1.2 Installation Effects That Influence the Capacity of Pipe Piles in Sand 1.2.1 Plugging of Piles During installation of open-ended pipe piles, the soil enters the pile at a rate that is equal to, or larger than, the rate of pile penetration This mode of penetration is referred to as coring or cookie cutter As penetration progresses, the soil core inside the pile may . Plugging of Piles during Installation 26 3.2.2 Plugging of Piles during Static Loading 26 3.2.3 Plugging of Piles during Cyclic Loading 27 3.3 Buildup of Pore Pressures during Driving 28 3.3.1. capacity of piles has the potential to provide cost savings for both terrestrial and offshore piles. 1.2 Installation Effects That Influence the Capacity of Pipe Piles in Sand 1.2.1 Plugging of Piles. length increased with in- creasing relative density of insitu sands during driving and decreased with increas- ing relative density during jacking. Also, during installation, the jacked piles