Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia docx

[...]... ischemia may occur This balance is upset spontaneously during attacks of angina and other clinical manifestations of ischemia, and can be manipulated by various maneuvers during cardiac stress An unmet increase in oxygen demand, a reduction in oxygen supply, or a combination of both can cause myocardial ischemia Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia Table 1.1 Important factors in the control of. .. selection of the most appropriate stress method depending on the question being asked, and the clinical status of the patient A sound understanding of the principles of imaging will contribute to informed interpretation of test results Only by integrating knowledge of the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia, the role of the various stress modalities, and the strengths and weaknesses of the available imaging. .. planes that correspond to the orthogonal axes of the heart The 20 Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia Figure 2.3 Simultaneous parasternal projections displaying two orthogonal to each other views using real-time three-dimensional imaging main advantage of transesophageal imaging of the heart is the excellent image quality of the posterior structures of the heart and thoracic aorta (Figure 2.4;... evaluating complications of myocardial infarction Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia diography, because images are obtained in just one beat This has been achieved by the development of a full-matrix array transducer (X4; Phillips Medical Systems, Andover, MA), which uses 3000 elements This leads into a volume of data acquisition from a single projection in the shape of a pyramid (Figure 2.2)... there Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia are no limitations of image plane, and poor nondiagnostic images because of patient physical factors are rare The contrast between endocardium and blood pool in general is also excellent Dobutamine stress is mainly used because of the limitations of physical exercise in the magnet, although the latter has been used in some centers A brief summary of frequently... regulating myocardial blood flow, and reviews the pathophysiologic changes observed during myocardial ischemia. A detailed discussion of the precise biochemical and cellular mechanisms involved is beyond the scope of this review, but the basic mechanisms by which cardiac stress techniques allow interrogation of the many changes occurring during ischemia are presented Although we focus on myocardial ischemia, ... exercise that are indicative of myocardial ischemia and may aid interpretation of the test A decrease in systolic blood pressure, or a failure to increase as expected, may indicate widespread myocardial ischemia Chest pain may also occur, thus reproducing the clinical manifestation of angina Whereas induction of angina and ST segment depression are the main diagnostic elements of the exercise stress test,... underlying physiology is similar 1 Causes of Myocardial Ischemia In humans, atherosclerosis is by far the most common cause of acute and chronic ischemic syndromes Atherosclerosis, and its imaging, are briefly reviewed, and, finally, nonatheromatous causes of myocardial ischemia are discussed 1.1 Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition characterized by deposition of cholesterol-laden plaques and... echocardiography for distinguishing ischemic Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 from nonischemic first-onset acute heart failure Insights into the mechanism of acute heart failure Circulation 2005;112:1587–1593 Giang TH, Nanz D, Coulden R, et al Detection of coronary artery disease by magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with various contrast medium... 1.2 Imaging Atherosclerosis 2 1.3 Other Causes of Myocardial Ischemia 3 2 The Coronary Circulation 3 3 Physiology of Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Oxygen Demand 4 3.1 Myocardial Oxygen Demand 4 3.2 Myocardial Oxygen Supply 4 4 Coronary Blood Flow 4 4.1 Metabolic Regulation of . II xi Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia provides a comprehensive discussion and review of the noninvasive myocardial imaging techniques that are currently available to detect myocardial ischemia. alt="" Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia Constantinos D. Anagnostopoulos, Jeroen J. Bax, Petros Nihoyannopoulos and Ernst van der Wall (Eds) Noninvasive Imaging of Myocardial Ischemia With. Publication Data Noninvasive imaging of myocardial ischemia 1. Coronary heart disease – Imaging 2. Diagnostic imaging I. Anagnostopoulos, Constantinos D. 616.1¢23¢0754 ISBN-10: 1846280273 Library of Congress