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INDUSTRIAL WASTE Edited by Kuan-Yeow Show and Xinxin Guo Industrial Waste Edited by Kuan-Yeow Show and Xinxin Guo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Vana Persen Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Industrial Waste, Edited by Kuan-Yeow Show and Xinxin Guo p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0253-3 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Industrial Discharge and Their Effect to the Environment 1 Y.C. Ho, K.Y. Show, X.X. Guo, I. Norli, F.M. Alkarkhi Abbas and N. Morad Chapter 2 Anodic Materials with High Energy Efficiency for Electrochemical Oxidation of Toxic Organics in Waste Water 33 Wang Yun-Hai, Chen Qing-Yun, Li Guo and Li Xiang-Lin Chapter 3 Impact of Sewage and Industrial Effluents on Soil-Plant Health 53 Rajinder Singh Antil Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Paper Mill Sludge Management 73 Marko Likon and Polonca Trebše Chapter 5 Finite-Dimensional Methods for Optimal Control of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion 91 Ellina Grigorieva, Natalia Bondarenko, Evgenii Khailov and Andrei Korobeinikov Chapter 6 Use of Agro-Industrial Wastes in Solid-State Fermentation Processes 121 Solange I. Mussatto, Lina F. Ballesteros, Silvia Martins and José A. Teixeira Chapter 7 Types of Waste for the Production of Pozzolanic Materials – A Review 141 A. Seco, F. Ramirez, L. Miqueleiz, P. Urmeneta, B. García, E. Prieto and V. Oroz Chapter 8 Mining or Our Heritage? Indigenous Local People’s Views on Industrial Waste of Mines in Ghana 151 Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye and Paul Sarfo-Mensah VI Contents Chapter 9 Use of Phosphate Waste as a Building Material 173 Mouhamadou Bassir Diop Chapter 10 Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products and Green Materials for Production of Hydraulic Cement 191 James Hicks Chapter 11 Polyoptimal Multiperiodic Control of Complex Systems with Inventory Couplings Via the Ideal Point Evolutionary Algorithm 213 Marek Skowron and Krystyn Styczeń Chapter 12 Acidogenic Valorisation of High Strength Waste Products from Food Industry 227 Luís Arroja, Isabel Capela, Helena Nadais, Luísa S. Serafim and Flávio Silva Chapter 13 Status and Prospects of Concentrated Organic Wastewater Degradation 253 Wei Liu, Dushu Huang, Ping Yi, Ying Li Preface Ever since the Industrial Revolution, industrial activities have been accompanied by a problem: industrial waste. The commensurate increase in industrialization, urbanization and population growth are leading to production of enormous quantities of industrial wastes that may cause degradation in environment and health hazards. On the other hand, the desire for a healthy environment increases, which leads to the need for better ways of waste minimization, pollution prevention and better use of resources in achieving the required industrial and environmental standards. This book is intended to fulfil the need for state-of-the-art development on the industrial wastes from different types of industries. Most of the chapters are based upon the ongoing research, how the different types of wastes are most efficiently treated and minimized, technologies of wastes control and abatement, and how they are released to the environment and their associated impact. A few chapters provide updated review summarizing the status and prospects of industrial waste problems from different perspectives. The book is comprehensive and not limited to a partial discussion of industrial waste, so the readers are acquainted with the latest information and development in the area, where different aspects are considered. The user can find both introductory material and more specific material based on interests and problems. For additional questions or comments, the users are encouraged to contact the authors. The book was a result of effort by many experts from different industrial disciplines in the world. We would like to acknowledge the authors for their contributions to the book and we would also appreciate the assistance from Ms Vana Persen throughout the whole publishing process. We hope that this book will be helpful for graduate students, environmental professionals, engineers, researchers, or policy makers. Dr. Kuan-Yeow Show Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Dr. Xinxin Guo Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perak Campus), Jalan University, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia [...]... disposal of domestic and industrial wastes which bring negative impact to the water quality, sediments and soil surrounding (Ansari et al., 1999) Unplanned disposal of industrial waste directly on the land is one of the factors that caused the pollution to surface water and groundwater A study conducted by Singh et al (2009) showed high concentration of Cr(VI) in ground water from various industrial cities... Biosorption Esteves et al (2000) used a waste biomass Sargassum sp (brown macroalga) from an alginate extraction industry from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to cleanup metals in wastewater via 18 Industrial Waste biosorption Biosorption is sorption of metals onto biological materials It could become an alternative way to remove toxic and recover precious metals from industrial discharge In this work, the ability... due to several anthropogenic stresses and industrialization is one of the important reasons In the Karachi area (the largest industrial city of Pakistan), there are more than 6000 different industrial units such as chemical industries, metal industries, oil refineries, petrochemicals, tanneries, pharmaceuticals, textiles etc Due to the marine pollution cause by industrialization, the mangroves health... river bank This is due to contamination of industrial discharge with high COD The low DO is due to the discharge of industrial effluents and the toxicity of the combined effect from chemicals and heavy metals (Jonathan et al., 2008) The study performed by Din & Ahamad (1995) on cockles’ growth at coastal receiving industrial discharge from the nearby Prai Industrial Estate Cockles are facing mortalities... to the discharge point The surrounding industrial activity in year 1995 includes textile and chemical manufacturing, and electroplating work The study conducted at different located given 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of exposure to the pollution by those industrial discharges The result showed that the effects of on the cockles’ growth seem significantly as 12 Industrial Waste early at week two Several parameters... section 2, there is an illustration of the source and types of industrial contaminants in many parts of the world It is essential to understand the characteristic of industrial discharge in order to have an idea for ways to reduce or remove the contaminants for a sustainable tomorrow It is required to understand the impacts of industrial waste to the environment (freshwater, seawater, land) in order... conducted a study at an industrial zone which has 300 various types of industry nearby such as manufacturing chemicals, pharmaceutical, batteries, metal alloys, metal plating and plastic products, dyeing, edible oil production, battery manufacturing, metal plating, chemicals, etc There are three sources of contamination exist within the industrial area, dumpsites of solid waste, untreated industrial discharge,... Hence, various bioremediation and phytoremediation case studies are also outlined in this section Suggestion of some future work can be done on the industrial discharge is included in section 8 as part of the summary to this book chapter 2 Industrial Waste 2 Industrial discharge The contaminant from the discharge is directly related to the nature of the industry For example, in textile industry, the discharge... Avila-Rodriguez, M., Wrobel, K., et al (2006) Hexavalent chromium removal in vitro and from industrial wastes, using chromate-resistant strains of filamentous fungi indigenous to contaminated wastes Canadian journal of microbiology, Vol 52, No 9, pp 809-815, ISSN 0008-4166 Ahmad, M., Bajahlan, A S., & Hammad, W S (2008) Industrial effluent quality, pollution monitoring and environmental management Environmental...1 Industrial Discharge and Their Effect to the Environment Y.C Ho1, K.Y Show1, X.X Guo1, I Norli2, F.M Alkarkhi Abbas2 and N Morad2 1Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sains Malaysia Malaysia 2Universiti 1 Introduction Industrialization has become an important factor to the development of a country’s economy, through the establishment of plants and factories However, the waste or by-products . Preface Ever since the Industrial Revolution, industrial activities have been accompanied by a problem: industrial waste. The commensurate increase in industrialization, urbanization. INDUSTRIAL WASTE Edited by Kuan-Yeow Show and Xinxin Guo Industrial Waste Edited by Kuan-Yeow Show and Xinxin Guo . some future work can be done on the industrial discharge is included in section 8 as part of the summary to this book chapter. Industrial Waste 2 2. Industrial discharge The contaminant