ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS – NEW ADVANCES IN FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Yan Shao Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications Edited by Yan Shao Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. 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Publishing Process Manager Oliver Kurelic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications, Edited by Yan Shao p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0032-4 Contents Preface IX Part 1 New Advances in Fundamental Research in Electrochemical Cells 1 Chapter 1 A Review of Non-Cottrellian Diffusion Towards Micro- and Nano-Structured Electrodes 3 Katarína Gmucová Chapter 2 Modeling and Quantification of Electrochemical Reactions in RDE (Rotating Disk Electrode) and IRDE (Inverted Rotating Disk Electrode) Based Reactors 21 Lucía Fernández Macía, Heidi Van Parys, Tom Breugelmans, Els Tourwé and Annick Hubin Chapter 3 Electrochemical Probe for Frictional Force and Bubble Measurements in Gas-Liquid-Solid Contactors and Innovative Electrochemical Reactors for Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation 45 Abdel Hafid Essadki Chapter 4 Electrochemical Cells with the Liquid Electrolyte in the Study of Semiconductor, Metallic and Oxide Systems 71 Valery Vassiliev and Weiping Gong Part 2 Recent Developments for Applications of Electrochemical Cells 103 Chapter 5 Cold Plasma – A Promising Tool for the Development of Electrochemical Cells 105 Jacek Tyczkowski Chapter 6 Fuel Cell: A Review and a New Approach About YSZ Solid Oxide Electrolyte Deposition Direct on LSM Porous Substrate by Spray Pyrolysis 139 Tiago Falcade and Célia de Fraga Malfatti VI Contents Chapter 7 Investigations of Intermediate-Temperature Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis Using a Pressurized Electrochemical Cell 161 Junhua Jiang and Ted Aulich Chapter 8 Electrochemical Cells with Multilayer Functional Electrodes for NO Decomposition 179 Sergey Bredikhin and Masanobu Awano Chapter 9 Sequential Injection Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Tubular Gold Electrodes for Inorganic Arsenic Speciation 203 José A. Rodríguez, Enrique Barrado, Marisol Vega, Yolanda Castrillejo and José L.F.C. Lima Chapter 10 Electrode Materials a Key Factor to Improve Soil Electroremediation 219 Erika Méndez, Erika Bustos, Rossy Feria, Guadalupe García and Margarita Teutli Preface According to the definition, electrochemical cells are the devices transferring electrical energy from chemical reactions into electricity, or helping chemical processes through the introduction of electrical energy or electrical field. A common example in this category is battery, which has evolved into a big family and is currently used in all kinds of applications. As a relatively old scientific topic, the concept and application of electrochemical cells has been invented and utilized by human society has a long history. With the advance of modern science and technology, the research field of electrochemical cells has been more and more involved in the emerging areas of nano-technology, bio-technology, and novel energy storage and conversion systems, especially when serious attentions have been paid to energy, health, and environmental issues for modern industrial society. It has become useful and necessary to summarize the new advances in both fundamental and practical researches in this field when we want to review the new development in recent years. In this book, parallel efforts have been put on both new advances in fundamental research and recent developments for applications of electrochemical cells, which include electrode design, electrochemical probe, liquid electrolytes, fuel cells, electrochemical detectors for health and environment consideration. Of course, electrochemical cells have been developed into a relatively large research category, which also means this book can only cover a corner of these topics. Yan Shao, Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA [...]... Non-Cottrell Behavior of Ionic Transport in Thin Cells and in Films J Electrochem Soc Vol.139, No.6, (June 1992), pp 161 1–1 618, ISSN 0013-4651 16 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications Caban, K.; Lewera, A.; Zukowska, G.Z.; Kulesza, P.J.; Stojek, Z & Jeffrey, K.R (2006) Analysis of Charge Transport in Gels Containing Polyoxometallates Using Methods of Different Sensitivity... The charge transfer current density is determined from the inverse of the intercept In practical situations, however, the experimental observation of a limiting current 22 2 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications Electrochemical Cells can sometimes be masked by other reactions, e.g., in (Gattrell et al., 2004), and in that case Koutecky-Levich method cannot be... pp 20 0–2 04, ISSN 0009-2614 0 2 Modeling and Quantification of Electrochemical Reactions in RDE (Rotating Disk Electrode) and IRDE (Inverted Rotating Disk Electrode) Based Reactors Lucía Fernández Macía, Heidi Van Parys, Tom Breugelmans, Els Tourwé and Annick Hubin Electrochemical and Surface Engineering Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium 1 Introduction Whether it is for the design of a new electrochemical. .. in both the atomic and geometric scales Moreover, the instant rapid development in nanotechnology stimulates novel approaches in the preparation of artificially structured electrodes This review seeks to condense information on the reasons giving rise or contributing to the non-Cottrellian diffusion towards microand nano structured electrodes 4 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches. .. 1992) Voltammetry in solutions of low ionic strength has been reviewed by Ciszkowska and Stojek (Ciszkowska & Stojek, 1999) A mathematical model of migration and diffusion coupled with a fast preceding reaction at a 6 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications microelectrode was developed by Jaworski and co-workers (Jaworski et al., 1999) Myland and Oldham have shown... charge-transfer reaction the 14 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications electrochemical responses at fractal interface were treated with the help of the analytical solutions to the generalised diffusion equation In order to provide a guideline in analysing anomalous diffusion coupled with sluggish charge-transfer reaction at fractal interface, i.e., non-diffusion-controlled... oxidation and by a minus sign if written in the sense of the reduction For a chemical reaction n j equals zero The global reaction is described by the relations that connect the electrode potential E to the faradaic current density i f , the interfacial concentrations of the volume species Xi (0) and the 26 6 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications Electrochemical Cells. .. (November 1987), pp 1 3–2 6, ISSN 1572-6657 Lee, J.-W & Pyun, S.-I (2005) A Study on the Potentiostatic Current Transient and Linear Sweep Voltammogram Simulated from Fractal Intercalation Electrode: Diffusion 18 Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications Coupled with Interfacial Charge Transfer Electrochimica Acta Vol.50, No.9, (March 2005), pp 194 7–1 955, ISSN 0013-4686...Part 1 New Advances in Fundamental Research in Electrochemical Cells 1 A Review of Non-Cottrellian Diffusion Towards Micro- and Nano-Structured Electrodes Katarína Gmucová Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovak Republic 1 Introduction The past few decades have seen a massive and continued interest in studying electrochemical processes at artificially... nanoparticles in electroanalysis became an area of research which is continually expanding Within both the trend towards the miniaturisation of electrodes and the ever-increasing progress in preparation and using nanomaterials, a profound development in electroanalysis has been connected with the design and characterisation of electrodes which have at least one dimension on the nanoscale In a nanostructured . ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS – NEW ADVANCES IN FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Yan Shao Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches. free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches. one- dimensional model, a seven-cube model and a cubic lattice model. Electrochemical Cells – New Advances in Fundamental Researches and Applications 10 Lange and Doblhofer solved the transport