SOYBEAN ͳ APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY Edited by Tzi Bun Ng Soybean - Applications and Technology Edited by Tzi Bun Ng Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Katarina Lovrecic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Paul Orr, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Soybean - Applications and Technology, Edited by Tzi Bun Ng p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-207-4 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Preface IX Technology 1 Direct Seeding of Soybean Using a Modified Conventional Seeder 3 Davut Karayel Soybeans Processing for Biodiesel Production 19 A. Bulent Koc, Mudhafer Abdullah and Mohammad Fereidouni How Growth Dynamics Affect Soybean Development across Cultural Practices 37 Mehmet Sincik, A. Tanju Göksoy and Z. Metin Turan Optimization of the Technology for Preparing Soluble Dietary Fiber from Extruded Soybean Residue 55 Yujie Chi Benefits of Cover Crops in Soybean Plantation in Brazilian Cerrados 67 Pacheco, Leandro Pereira and Petter, Fabiano André The Effect of Technological Processing on the Content of Isoflavones in Bovine Milk and Dairy Products 95 Ludmila Křížová, Jiří Třináctý, Jana Hajšlová and Šárka Havlíková Productive Efficiency of Soybean Production in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam 111 Huynh Viet Khai and Mitsuyasu Yabe Evaluation of Soil Moisture Status in the Field to Improve the Production of Tanbaguro Soybeans 127 Koki Homma Contents Contents VI New Applications for Soybean Biodiesel Glycerol 151 Vera L. P. Soares, Elizabeth R. Lachter, Jorge de A. Rodrigues Jr, Luciano N. Batista and Regina S. V. Nascimento A Ready-To-Use Multi-Target Analytical System for GM Soy and Maize Detection for Enforcement Laboratories 173 Linda Kluga, Marc Van den Bulcke, Silvia Folloni, Jean-Michel Gineste, Thomas Weber, Nicoletta Foti, Marco Mazzara, Guy Van den Eede and Maddalena Querci Weed Competition in the Soybean Crop Management in Brazil 185 Andre Rodrigues dos Reis and Rafael Vivian Improving the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Fractionation 211 Robert O. Dunn Application 241 Seed Storage Proteins; Strategies for Developing Crops Promoting Human Health 243 Nobuyuki Maruyama, Takayasu Motoyama, Masaaki Yoshikawa, Fumio Takaiwa and Shigeru Utsumi Soybean Seeds Produced in Out Season in West of Paraná State – Brazil 255 Marizangela Rizzatti Ávila, Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini, Leandro Paiola Albrecht and Carlos Alberto Scapim The Alternatives to Soybeans for Animal Feed in the Tropics 275 Archimède H, Régnier C, Marie-Magdeleine Chevry C, Gourdine JL, Rodriguez L and Gonzalez E Application of Nondestructive Measurement to Improve Soybean Quality by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy 287 Jeong-Dong Lee, J. Grover Shannon and Myoung-Gun Choung Solid State Fermentation of Soybean Hulls for Cellulolytic Enzymes Production 305 Khushal Brijwani and Praveen V. Vadlani Immunoquantitative Measurement of Soybean Aeroallergen Emissions 323 María-Jesús Cruz and Susana Gómez-Ollé Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Part 2 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Contents VII Recovery of Phytosterols from Waste Residue of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate 329 Feng Yan, Haojun Yang, Daogeng Wu, Ming Huo and Jianxin Li Soybean-based Surfactants and Their Applications 341 Qingyi Xu, Mitsutoshi Nakajima, Zengshe Liu and Takeo Shiina Polymerization of Soybean Oil with Superacids 365 Ionescu Mihail and Petrović S. Zoran Sourdough and Bread Properties as Affected by Soybean Protein Addition 387 Josué Peñaloza- Espinosa, Gloria J. De La Rosa-Angulo, Rosalva Mora-Escobedo, Jorge Chanona-Pérez, Reynold Farrera-Rebollo and Georgina Calderón-Domínguez Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Pref ac e Soybean is an agricultural crop of tremendous economic importance. Soybean and food items derived from it form dietary components of numerous people, especially those living in the Orient. The health benefi ts of soybean have a racted the a ention of nutri- tionists as well as common people. The literature on soybean research is voluminous. This prompted InTech Open Access publisher to embark on this meaningful project of inviting eminent scientists in diff er- ent arenas of soybean research to contribute articles in their areas of specialization. Due to the explosion of knowledge, few people in one discipline of soybean research are conversant with every other aspect of soybean research. Hence a compilation of the soybean literature and sorting it under diff erent categories and distribution in separate volumes would facilitate investigators and students to familiarize themselves with the diverse areas of soybean research. The section on technology encompasses topics like direct seeding of soybean, measures to improve soybean production, weed competition in soybean crop management, ben- efi ts of cover crops in soybean plantation, soybean processing for biodiesel production, and the preparation of soluble dietary fi ber from soybean. The section on applications includes phytosterol recovery from waste residues derived from soybean oil, cellulolytic enzyme production from fermented soybean hulls, soy- bean oil polymerization, soybean-based surfactants, and out-of-season production of soybeans. Each of the sections covers a wide range of topics and the authors are from diff erent countries. This underscores the global signifi cance of soybean research. I am convinced that readers of this book will fi nd the chapters informative and at the same time of practical value. Tzi Bun Ng School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China [...]... 20 Soybean - Applications and Technology of soybeans for biodiesel production Three examples of ultrasound applications in soybean processing for biodiesel production will be discussed The first example will investigate the effects of solvent amount, oil extraction time and ultrasonication on soybean oil yield The second example will examine the ultrasound-assisted transesterification of soybean oil... transesterification (Shiu et al., 2010) 24 Soybean - Applications and Technology 3 Materials and methods Response surfaces methodology was used to design a set of experiments to determine the effects of ultrasonication on oil extraction from soybeans Ultrasound effect on soybean oil transesterification and in-situ transesterification were also investigated Materials Soybeans (Glycine max L.5N416) was obtained... population and spacing of the seed As the seeds increased in size, the variability was even greater The drill meter devices were usually not considered for singulation accuracy because the small grains can usually compensate for the inconsistency This may not be the case for soybeans Some accuracy and spacing uniformity can be gained with very specific travel 6 Soybean - Applications and Technology speeds and. .. after pretreatment and the results showed that enzymatic hydrolysis had significant effects on oil extraction from soybean flakes (Kashyap et al., 2007) Terigar et al (2010) compared microwaves-assisted solvent extraction with conventional solvent process on extraction of isoflavones from soybeans They reported that oil and isoflavones yields increased by 22 Soybean - Applications and Technology continuous... precision seeder equipped with hoe and double disc furrow openers for no-till sowing of soybean 2 Materials and methods The study was conducted in July 2006 at the Research and Application Land, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Akdeniz, Antalya, Turkey The soil (Eutric Vertisols by FAO/UNESCO), composed of 41% sand, 26% silt, and 33% clay, was classified as clay-loam, and residue from the previous... pounds of soybeans were soaked in warm water and dehulled manually The dehulled soybeans were oven-dried for 24 hours and the moisture content was determined The dried soybeans were ground and particle size distribution was determined by using a sieve analyzer The total oil content of soybeans was determined by Soxhlet extraction Ten grams of ground seeds placed in an extraction thimble and 150 ml... mixture was added to ground soybeans and ultrasonication power was applied at two levels (70 and 90%) for 30 min After ultrasonication, the mixture was left to settle for 2 h and the liquid phase (methanol with crude FAME) was separated and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min The spent soybean flakes were washed by using methanol at 2:1 v/w ratio The mixture of methanol and soybean flakes was left to... integrating soybean oil extraction and biodiesel production processes using ultrasound-assisted in-situ transesterification 2 Literature review Extracting oil from soybeans requires pretreatment of the grains Pretreatment includes operations of cleaning and drying, dehulling and grinding (Fig 1) Use of mechanical presses, solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and microwave -and ultrasoundassisted... pressure and temperature on seeds to deactivate enzymes (Gerpen et al., 2002) Jung and Mahfuz (2009) used a dry extruder with high temperature for extraction of oil and protein They found that increased extruder pressure increased the protein solubility in soybean oil Fig 1 Soybean processing for oil extraction and biodiesel production Solvent Extraction Hexane is extensively used for oil extraction from soybeans... from soybeans They obtained 93.3% oil yield with ultrasonication technique, which was the highest amount in comparison with other methods (Luthria et al., 2007) The ultrasound and microwave techniques used separately and in combination by Cravotto et al (2008) for extracting oil from soybeans and micro-algae Ultrasound/microwave extraction techniques reduced the extraction time and solvent amounts and . SOYBEAN ͳ APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY Edited by Tzi Bun Ng Soybean - Applications and Technology Edited by Tzi Bun Ng Published by InTech Janeza. may not be the case for soybeans. Some accuracy and spacing uniformity can be gained with very specific travel Soybean - Applications and Technology 6 speeds and fixed population but this. Crops in Soybean Plantation in Brazilian Cerrados 67 Pacheco, Leandro Pereira and Petter, Fabiano André The Effect of Technological Processing on the Content of Isoflavones in Bovine Milk and Dairy