PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN CHINA AND VIETNAM pot

[...]... and banks higher in China than in Vietnam As a result in China the change from the state to the private sector was for a long time not so simple and attractive as in Vietnam - - - - - - 22 See for instance McCormick 1998: 122 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL CHANGE - - 11 Measured by the percentage proportion of the GDP, industrialization is more advanced in China than in Vietnam where in this respect the... low, and foreign investments up till now were comparatively insignificant China which for a long time had pursued a policy of self-reliance, since the beginning of the reforms has had a magnetic effect on foreign investors China had far and away in the 1980s and 1990s the highest foreign investment of all developing nations In that process investments by Chinese residents abroad (including Hong Kong and. .. of earning more money and mounting insecurity concerning future developments in the public sector, a continually increasing number of trained employees from the state sector are becoming self-employed To describe the change to the private sector the familiar word xiahai (diving into the sea) enjoys widespread circulation Table 2: Private companies in sectors (2000, China, in %) Private economy Individual... summarizing determination of the position of the entrepreneurial strata at the interface of society and politics as well as a classification and categorization of the entrepreneurs (keyword: strategic elite) in the interests of an intended analysis of their future location 1.4 China and Vietnam: commonalities and differences As already mentioned a development has been taking place in China and Vietnam. .. Seen in terms of space, the private sector concentrated first of all in the more developed areas in East China, where better access to markets and a more developed infrastructure are available Private companies in East China are qualitatively i.e in technological and capital terms better equipped and employ on average more personnel Already in 1996 the initial capital of the companies in East China. .. structures, of institutions, and with that radical alterations in the total societal value and norm systems Here we are interested first of all only in governmental and party institutions insofar as they stand in direct connection with the privatization process This is most clearly shown in changes in the number of staff, in the guiding principles and the functions of institutions The existence of the private. .. to be more the case in Vietnam than in China; in the latter country insecurity within the state sector has significantly increased in recent years due to closure of companies For example, a survey at five universities and colleges in Hanoi found 85% of those studying would still prefer a job in the state sector.19 The restructuring of the state companies and the consolidation 13 China aktuell, January... who have over and over again had to defend themselves against invasions from outside most of all from the Chinese In contrast to Vietnam, China was never a colony of a foreign power In contrast to China was separated from whom alone the small island Taiwan went its own way, a political creation of its own making, Vietnam was between 1954–1976 a divided country with differing political and economic systems... Hayami,47 according to which a productive upswing in agriculture (as it developed, for example, in the course of the rural reforms and restructurings) has the effect that entrepreneurs are created who make use industrially of a new potential in agriculture (e.g in the form of firms specializing in processing agricultural produce) In this way the agricultural sector is connected with modern industry and urban... role In Vietnam on the other hand, to what extent the Vietnamese living outside the country sent capital home remains fully unexplored; possibly they did so to a not insignificant degree to their relatives or family members especially in South Vietnam. 23 In view of the dissimilarities of a historical, economic and political nature between China and Vietnam, there are grave doubts about the claim that Vietnam . Entrepreneurship China. 2. Entrepreneurship Vietnam. 3. Privatization China. 4. Privatization Vietnam. 5. Businesspeople China. 6. Businesspeople Vietnam. I. Title. II. China studies (Leiden, Netherlands). project included two periods of fieldwork in China and Vietnam. The research in the field was for the most part carried out by two research assistants (Ji Xiaoming in China and Arno Kohl in Vietnam) alt="" PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN CHINA AND VIETNAM CHINA STUDIES Published for the Institute for Chinese Studies University of Oxford EDITORS: GLEN DUDBRIDGE FRANK PIEKE VOLUME 4 PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS IN