HEMODIALYSIS - DIFFERENT ASPECTS Edited by Maria Goretti Penido Hemodialysis - Different Aspects Edited by Maria Goretti Penido Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Roko Kerovec Image Copyright Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Hemodialysis - Different Aspects, Edited by Maria Goretti Penido p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-315-6 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Acute Renal Failure Induced by Adenovirus After Stem Cell Transplantation 1 Takashi Abe, Shinichi Nishi, Tatsuo Furukawa, Yoichi Ajioka, Masayoshi Masuko and Ichiro Fuse Chapter 2 Plasma Total Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase (ecNOS) Inron 4 Gene Polymorphism: A Study in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease 17 Manal F. Elshamaa, Samar Sabry, Ahmed Badr, Eman A. Elghoroury, Soulaf Kamel and Gamila Elsaied Chapter 3 Renal Cell Carcinoma in Dialysis Patients with End Stage Renal Disease: Focus on Surgery and Pathology 31 Hitoshi Masuda, Kazunori Kihara, Yasuhisa Fujii, Fumitaka Koga, Kazutaka Saito, Mizuaki Sakura, Yohei Okada and Satoru Kawakami Chapter 4 Methylene Blue and Dialysis-Related Hypotension 45 Wisler J. R. and Stawicki S. P. A. Chapter 5 Identification of Hemodialysis Patients’ Physical and Psychosocial Problems Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) 59 Hideyo Tsutsui, Teruhiko Koike and Yoshiharu Oshida Chapter 6 Selenium (Se), Blood Glutathione Peroxidases and DNA Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis and After Kidney Transplantation - The Effect of Se Supplementation 71 Bronislaw A. Zachara Chapter 7 A Systematic Review of the Effect of Vitamin C Infusion and Vitamin E-Coated Membrane on Hemodialysis-Induced Oxidative Stress 101 Malecka-Massalska Teresa, Wladysiuk Magdalena and Ksiazek Andrzej VI Contents Chapter 8 The Role of Ultrasonographic Monitoring for Hip Joint Changes in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure 121 Damir Matoković, Miroslav Hašpl, Petar Petrić, Sanja Škorvaga, Vlado Drkulec and Goran Šantak Chapter 9 Modulation of Iron Metabolism and Hepcidin Release by HFE Mutations in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications 139 Elena Canavesi and Luca Valenti Chapter 10 Micronutrient Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients 173 Chih-Hung Guo, Chia-Liang Wang and Pei-Chung Chen Chapter 11 Differences in Erythrocyte Index and Hyporesponsiveness to Erythropoiesis in Hemodialysis Patients Treated with Different Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents 205 Osamu Saito, Yoichi Furusawa, Kousuke Okuda and Eiji Kusano Chapter 12 Focal Dental Diagnostic in Patients with Replaced Renal Function-One New Method in Dentistry 213 Maria Dencheva, Angelina Kisselova, Assya Krasteva, Tsvetelina Georgieva, Iliyana Stoeva and Teodora Bolyarova Chapter 13 Renal Aspects and Enzyme Replacement Therapy of Fabry Disease 233 Ane Cláudia Fernandes Nunes, Elvino José Guardão Barros, Virgílio Pimentel Delgado and Alvimar Gonçalves Delgado Chapter 14 Chronic Inflammation and S100A12/ Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Axis: A Novel Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? 245 Yasukiyo Mori, Yayoi Shiotsu, Eiko Matsuoka, Hiroshi Kado, Ryo Ishida and Hiroaki Matsubara Chapter 15 Choice of Renal Replacement Therapy and Role of Haemodialysis in the Intensive Care Unit 253 Marlies Ostermann Chapter 16 Dry Weight and Measurements Methods 263 Fansan Zhu and Nathan W. Levin Chapter 17 Current Status of Synthetic and Biological Grafts for Hemodialysis 285 Purav P. Patel, Maria Altieri, Tarun R. Jindal, Steven R. Guy, Edward M. Falta, Eric A. Elster, Frank P. Hurst, Anton N. Sidawy and Rahul M. Jindal Preface This book is meant to provide an overview of the state of the art of hemodialysis. The pace of acquisition of new knowledge in hemodialysis is fast and the goal is to bring a thoughtful, well organized exposition of this burgeoning knowledge base to the readers. Each chapter has been thoroughly revised and updated and the readers will become acquainted with the latest thinking in some of the most important topics in hemodialysis. The book is comprehensive and not limited to a partial discussion of hemodialysis. Chapters pertaining to nearly all aspects of the care of dialysis patients are included. To accomplish this we are pleased to have been able to assemble a leading panel of expert contributors who have been challenged to summarize state of the art knowledge in each chapter of the book. We wish to thank each author for taking considerable time and effort to ensure that each chapter provides state of the art information. We hope that readers achieve the same level of acquisition of new knowledge and enjoyment as we have attained by editing this book. Dr. Maria Goretti Penido Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Minas Gerais Brasil 1 Acute Renal Failure Induced by Adenovirus After Stem Cell Transplantation Takashi Abe 1 , Shinichi Nishi 2 , Tatsuo Furukawa 3 , Yoichi Ajioka 4 , Masayoshi Masuko 3 and Ichiro Fuse 5 1 Division of Hematology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences, 2 Division of Nephrology, Kobe University Hospital, 3 Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital, 4 Division of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital 5 Regeneration, Transfusion and Transplantation Division, Bioscience Medical Research Center, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital, Japan 1. Introduction Adenoviruses have been recognized as opportunistic and significant viral pathogens in immunocompromised patients such as recipients of hematopoietic stem cells or other solid organs treated with immunosuppressive agents, and among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These patients are incapable of developing a normal immune response. Reactivation of adenoviruses in the impaired immunological response leads to acute or persistent infections with high morbidity or even mortality in these patients. In the field of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in particular, adenovirus infection is one of the common complications. A representative consequence of adenovirus infection is hemorrhagic cystitis. The cumulative incidence of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis was found to be 7%, which usually presents a favorable prognosis during the era of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (El-Zimaity et al., 2004, Shields et al., 1985, Asano et al., 2003). Some cases, however, progress to a retrograde infection of the kidneys, and develop to acute renal failure and adenoviremia, resulting in a poor prognosis (Bruno et al., 2004). Lion et al. reported that mortality of adenoviremia after stem cell transplantation was 91% before the era of cidofovir (Lion et al., 2003). In recent years, umbilical cord blood has been increasingly utilized as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation of patients without favorable donors despite its immature immune activity which often leads to a prolonged immunological deficiency and many kinds of early severe infectious complications such as bacteremia, cytomegalovirus disease, tuberculosis and fungal infection (Saavedra et al., 2002, Maeda et al., 2005). The [...]... period of hemodialysis, high-flux hemodialysis resulted in the removal of 52% +/- 11% of Cidofovir administered (Brody et al., 1999) Ribavirin, however cannot be removed by hemodialysis (Kramer et al., 1990) In a case report, 10 Hemodialysis - Different Aspects reduction of immunosuppression and one dose of Cidofovir (2 mg/kg) were effective for adenovirus-induced acute renal failure on hemodialysis, ... different serotype adenovirus infection of serotype 14 hemorrhagic cystitis and serotype 35 disseminated infection after cord blood transplantation, which is too confusing to treat because of the contrast between the improvement of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis by serotype 14 high titer γglobulin and the progression of acute renal failure (Abe T et al., 2009) 8 Hemodialysis - Different Aspects. .. was evaluated by the gene counting method Values are presented as percentage CT=conservative treatment, MHD=maintenance hemodialysis ap . HEMODIALYSIS - DIFFERENT ASPECTS Edited by Maria Goretti Penido Hemodialysis - Different Aspects Edited by Maria Goretti Penido. report, Hemodialysis - Different Aspects 10 reduction of immunosuppression and one dose of Cidofovir (2 mg/kg) were effective for adenovirus-induced acute renal failure on hemodialysis, . the most important topics in hemodialysis. The book is comprehensive and not limited to a partial discussion of hemodialysis. Chapters pertaining to nearly all aspects of the care of dialysis