Additional exercise air transport answers

Đáp án của Bài tập về tải trọng sàn trên máy bay thuộc bộ môn FIATA Air Transport - Vận tải Hàng Không. Một bộ môn của FIATA, cấp bằng FIATA.

Additional Exercise - Air Transport

Exercise 1

Refer to the diagram illustrating a cargo piece measuring 1.5 × 1 x 0.5 m and weighing 450 kg In which position(s) (e.g Side A, B, C) can the piece be loaded on the following aircraft without exceeding the floor loading limitations?

Cargo Piece Dimensions and Weight:

• Dimensions: 1.5 m (length) × 1 m (width) × 0.5 m (height) • Weight: 450 kg

The cargo piece can be positioned in three different orientations based on the sides: Side A, Side B, and Side C

Calculating the Floor Load for Each Orientation:

1 Side A (1.5 m × 1 m): Area = 1.5 m × 1 m = 1.5 m² Floor Load = 450 kg / 1.5 m² = 300 kg/m²

2 Side B (1.5 m × 0.5 m): Area = 1.5 m × 0.5 m = 0.75 m² Floor Load = 450 kg / 0.75 m² = 600 kg/m²

3 Side C (1 m × 0.5 m): Area = 1 m × 0.5 m = 0.5 m² Floor Load = 450 kg / 0.5 m² = 900 kg/m²

Floor Load Limits of Aircraft:

• Lower deck (bulk compartments) of conventional aircraft: B727, B737, B757: 732 kg/m²

• Lower deck (ULD compartments) of wide-body aircraft: B747: 976 kg/m², DC-10: 732 kg/m²

• Lower deck (bulk compartments) of wide-body aircraft: B747: 732 kg/m², DC-10: 732 kg/m²

• Main deck of wide-body freighter aircraft: B747-200F (positions 1 to 15): 1,464 kg/m², B747-200F (position 16): 488 kg/m²

Determining the Loading Positions for Each Orientation:

1 Orientation with Side A (300 kg/m²):

o Can be loaded in all the specified positions on the listed aircraft since 300 kg/m² is less than the floor load limits

2 Orientation with Side B (600 kg/m²):

o Lower deck (bulk compartments) of conventional aircraft (B727, B737, B757): 732 kg/m² => Can load

o Lower deck (ULD compartments) of wide-body aircraft (B747): 976 kg/m² => Can load

o Lower deck (ULD compartments) of wide-body aircraft (DC-10): 732 kg/m² => Can load

o Lower deck (bulk compartments) of wide-body aircraft (B747): 732 kg/m² => Can load

o Lower deck (bulk compartments) of wide-body aircraft (DC-10): 732 kg/m² => Can load

o Main deck of wide-body freighter aircraft (B747-200F, positions 1 to 15): 1,464 kg/m² => Can load

o Main deck of wide-body freighter aircraft (B747-200F, position 16): 488

kg/m² => Cannot load 3 Orientation with Side C (900 kg/m²):

o Lower deck (bulk compartments) of conventional aircraft (B727, B737,

B757): 732 kg/m² => Cannot load

o Lower deck (ULD compartments) of wide-body aircraft (B747): 976 kg/m² => Can load

B747-200F (positions 1 to 15)

Exercise 2

Provided Figures:

- Compartment: Lists the forward and rear cargo compartments - Max Comp Load (Kg): Maximum compartment load capacity - Forward compartments: 973 kg (1), 1515 kg (2)

- Rear compartments: 1466 kg (3), 1255 kg (4) - Max Floor Loading (Kg/Sq.m): Maximum floor loading capacity - Forward compartments: 732 kg/m²

- Rear compartments: 732 kg/m² - Max Floor Loading (Kg/Sq.ft): Maximum floor loading capacity in pounds per square foot - Forward compartments: 68 kg/sq.ft

- Rear compartments: 68 kg/sq.ft - Usable Volume (Cu.m): Usable volume in cubic meters - Forward compartments: 3.96 cu.m (1), 6.51 cu.m (2) - Rear compartments: 7.55 cu.m (3), 6.73 cu.m (4)

Checking if Cargo Can Be Loaded:

1 Dimensions Check:

- Cargo dimensions: 1.5 m × 1 m × 0.5 m - Compartment door dimensions: 34" x 48" (86 cm x 122 cm), 35" x 48" (88 cm x 122 cm) - Orientation A (1.5 m × 1 m): Cannot fit through the door because 1.5 m = 150 cm > 122 cm and 1 m = 100 cm < 122 cm

- Orientation B (1.5 m × 0.5 m): Cannot fit through the door because 1.5 m = 150 cm > 122 cm and 0.5 m = 50 cm < 122 cm

- Orientation C (1 m × 0.5 m): Can fit through the door because 1 m = 100 cm < 122 cm and 0.5 m = 50 cm < 122 cm

2 Weight Check:

- Cargo weight: 450 kg - All compartments have a maximum load capacity well above 450 kg

3 Floor Load Check:

- Floor load of the cargo: Area of the base = 1.5 m × 1 m = 1.5 m² Floor Load = 450 kg / 1.5 m² = 300 kg/m² - Maximum floor loading capacity of all compartments: 732 kg/m² - 300 kg/m² is within the limit of 732 kg/m²

4 Volume Check:

- Volume of the cargo: Volume = 1.5 m × 1 m × 0.5 m = 0.75 m³ - Usable volume of all compartments is much larger than 0.75 m³

Conclusion:

The cargo (1.5 m × 1 m × 0.5 m, weighing 450 kg) can be loaded into the cargo compartment of the Boeing 737 only when placed in Orientation C (1 m × 0.5 m) without exceeding the floor load limits, volume limits, or weight limits

Exercise 3: Calculating Flight Time Using UTC

Flight SQ 306: Singapore (SIN) to London (LHR)

Departure Time: 01:10 (Singapore time) = 17:10 (UTC) the previous day Arrival Time: 07:45 (London time) = 07:45 (UTC)

Calculation:

1 Convert Departure Time to UTC: - Departure Time in Singapore: 01:10 SGT - Singapore Time (SGT) is UTC+8

- Convert to UTC: 01:10 - 8 hours = 17:10 (UTC) the previous day 2 Flight Duration Calculation:

- Departure Time (UTC): 17:10 (previous day) - Arrival Time (UTC): 07:45 (same day) - Flight Duration: 07:45 - 17:10 (previous day) = 14 hours 35 minutes

Flight SQ 308: Singapore (SIN) to London (LHR)

Departure Time: 09:00 (Singapore time) = 01:00 (UTC) Arrival Time: 15:40 (London time) = 15:40 (UTC)

Calculation:

1 Convert Departure Time to UTC: - Departure Time in Singapore: 09:00 SGT

- Departure Time (UTC): 01:00 - Arrival Time (UTC): 15:40 - Flight Duration: 15:40 - 01:00 = 14 hours 40 minutes

Flight from EWR to ELS with Connections

Departure Time from EWR: 23:55 (Newark time) = 03:55 (UTC) the next day Arrival Time at ELS: 13:50 (East London time) = 11:50 (UTC) two days later

Calculation:

1 Convert Departure and Arrival Times to UTC: - Departure Time in Newark: 23:55 EST - Newark Time (EST) is UTC-4

- Convert to UTC: 23:55 + 4 hours = 03:55 (UTC) the next day - Arrival Time in East London: 13:50 SAST

- East London Time (SAST) is UTC+2 - Convert to UTC: 13:50 - 2 hours = 11:50 (UTC) two days later 2 Flight Duration Calculation:

- Departure Time (UTC): 03:55 (next day) - Arrival Time (UTC): 11:50 (two days later) - Flight Duration: 11:50 (two days later) - 03:55 (next day) = 31 hours 55 minutes

Summary of Flight Times:

1 Flight SQ 306: 14 hours 35 minutes 2 Flight SQ 308: 14 hours 40 minutes 3 Flight from EWR to ELS with Connections: 31 hours 55 minutes