[LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ] Applying tiktok to improve students’ speaking skill at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

English is spoken in 188 countries, with 83 countries using it as their official language As a result, English is known as a “global language” and it is the official language of international and national conferences Numerous countries that utilize English as a foreign language require students to pass international English tests in order to communicate with foreigners and study abroad In Vietnam, children begin learning English in elementary schools, and secondary school students must attend at least three periods of English classes each week For university entrance, English is one of the most important subjects that every student is required to pass as a basic standard English is the most commonly taught foreign language in Vietnam

According to Ur (1996), among the four language skills, speaking seems intimately the most important one It is a common belief that those who can speak English are fluent in the language as if speaking includes all necessary knowledge for a language Speaking is “the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts” (Chaney & Burk, 1998) Teachers, therefore, have a duty to formulate the basic skills for students as much as possible to communicate in English outside of the classroom context

Nowadays, there are many pedagogical rules to teach a language According to Curtis, A (2017): “there are 10 teaching language methodologies in general: Communicative language teaching (CLT), Task-based language teaching (TBLT), Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), Cooperative Language Learning (CLL), Direct Method, Grammar-Translation, Audio lingual, Total Physical Response, The Silent Way and Natural approach However, there is not any specific method that teachers have to apply in one classroom As long as educators are dedicated to constantly trying to employ creative and innovative classroom teaching strategies to improve the

2 learning outcomes of the students, that is the right method for teaching a language.”

For speaking skills specifically, there are also many different speaking teaching strategies used in schools depending on the context Cooperative activities, role-play, creative tasks, and drilling are some common ways of teaching speaking Cooperative activities can develop the language of negotiations (Newton, J M., & Nation, I S (2020) Role-play activities involve students acting out diverse social scenarios (Anjaniputra, A G (2013) According to Solcova (2011), students increase their fluency the most when they engage in creative projects that require them to focus on producing something instead of the language itself According to Thornbury (2005), in order to improve pronunciation, activities which involve copying and repeating words, phrases, and even full utterances like drilling is the one of the best method

Normally, a face-to-face conventional method is prioritized in most schools and many other learning institutions to provide materials and teach communication Unfortunately, in 2019, the world faces a serious global pandemic, which is COVID-19 (Ciotti, M., Ciccozzi (2020) This virus affects every aspect of life, especially the education field in which English learners are presented with unprecedented obstacles

To slow the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, face-to-face teaching and learning are temporarily suspended In this scenario, e-learning has been brought into the teaching and learning field Among many educational applications, TikTok at that time is one of the most widely used ones Many students and teachers utilized this mobile app as a learning and teaching language tool (Omar, B., & Dequan, W, 2020)

There are many reasons why TikTok application is favored by many educators and learners First, in the 5.0 society, the advancement of information and communication technology has had a significant impact on education, specifically in teaching and learning activities Wekke, I S., & Hamid, S (2013), “stated that applying the use of technology as a medium in the educational system can assist in the learning process Secondly, the use of technology in education benefits both students and instructors by allowing them to communicate outside of the classroom context As a social media mobile platform, TikTok can support the learning and teaching process by encouraging communication in a variety of ways including text messaging, multimedia messaging, user account creation, and the ability to organize groups to discuss Thus, information

3 transmission is simplified not only by a few clicks, but also by the speed with which the information is sent to users.” In short, according to Hymes, D (1980), to improve the skills, it is important for those learning English to be engaged in English exposure environments to strengthen their communication skills, which a mobile learning media like TikTok can offer

Even after the pandemic, TikTok is still a popular app, which has the potential to be an effective teaching and learning aid since it allows the transfer of multiple learning topics in a brief period (less than a minute) Due to TikTok's characteristics in making videography, some creative teachers have developed TikTok-based assignments that are distributed among students inside the classroom or at home Using TikTok to develop and deliver creative learning material may support pedagogical approaches based on nano-learning principles, making it simpler to create high-quality e-learning content (Khlaif, Z N., & Salha, S (2021)

Therefore, young learners who tend to be Kinesthetic learners are highly creative and enthusiastic about applying TikTok during the lesson

For the above reasons, the research was carried out in Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school to provide a better understanding of utilizing TikTok to enhance the learners’ speaking skills In addition, the results of the study hope to contribute to enriching the literature in the field of EFL teaching.

Research aim and objectives

This study aims to explore the impact of TikTok – a mobile learning application on the learning and teaching English’s procedure, especially speaking skills in the context of Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school The specific objectives of this research are:

• To explore the effectiveness of using TikTok to enhance students’ speaking skills at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school

• To find out the students’ attitudes towards TikTok application.

Research questions

To fulfill the above-mentioned aim and objectives, the following three research questions are formulated:

4 (1) To what extent can TikTok help improve students’ speaking skills at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school?

(2) What are the students’ attitudes towards TikTok application?

Significance of the study

With the thriving innovation of education in Vietnam in terms of English, in this day and age, a considerable change in the method of language teaching and learning has been witnessed By investigating whether the TikTok application can have a good effect on students’ speaking skills, the findings of this study can help improve teaching and learning in English classes in Vietnam This study can also be used as a reference for researchers and teachers Moreover, research findings may inspire other researchers to carry out additional studies on TikTok application topics.

Organization of the study

This research paper consists of five chapters: (1) Introduction, (2) Literature Review, (3) Research Methodology, (4) Findings and Discussions, (5) Conclusion, implications, limitations, and suggestions for further research

Chapter 1 presents the rationale for conducting the study The research aims, research questions as well as the significance of the study are presented in this chapter Chapter 2 covers the literature review which aims to discuss published information on the previous related works in the research area Moreover, this chapter presents relevant information about definitions of key terms and theoretical framework for more understanding of the study

Chapter 3 explains the details of the selected methodology that the researcher is going to use in the study, including details on the setting, participants, research designs, instruments, data collection and data analysis procedures

Chapter 4: this chapter presents the results for each of the research questions beginning with the quantitative data followed by the qualitative evidence, and includes a discussion of the findings

Chapter 5 discusses the conclusion, limitations, recommendations and suggestions for future research

LITERATURE REVIEW

Speaking skills

Speaking is one of four language skills It is the means for learners to communicate with others It enables learners to transmit information verbally in a way that the audience can comprehend our thoughts, ideas, intentions, and purposes Speaking is one of the skills that students must develop when studying English Numerous scholars have presented many definitions of speaking

As stated by Hornby (1995, p.20), speaking is the act of communicating orally, saying something about something, mentioning something, engaging in a conversation with somebody, addressing somebody directly, or expressing oneself in a language Speaking is the creation of auditory signals that lead listeners to respond verbally in various ways (Bailey, K M, 2003) Speaking is an action that a speaker engages in to express ideas The activities are natural, and their continuity depends on the situation Speaking is an interaction between two or more people within a certain period to convey ideas, facts, or feelings (Thornbury, 2005, p.121)

Burns, A (1998) state that speaking is the process of producing, receiving, and taking in information It is considered to systemically connect sounds to form meaningful statements

Cameron, L (2001) states that speaking is the way to express meanings via language so that other people can understand them If the students can communicate in English smoothly, they will be able to explore their ideas more easily Speaking English proficiently also allows students to have access to current knowledge in sectors such as science, technology, and health, among others Speaking as productive skills in the organs of speech to express meaning that can be directly and empirically observed The concept of speaking skills in this definition emphasizes three crucial ideas (Cameron,

6 Ashour, J M (2014) claimed that speaking ability is a way of form words, phrases, and sentences as well as transmitting messages for various reasons by applying the proper syntax and lexical with a sense of convenience and confidence In addition to the meanings already mentioned, the researcher described speaking skills as constructive skills that students may use to justify, explain, and transmit their opinions In addition, students may show their language learning by using the right terminology and grammar to study things as scientific facts or technical terminologies

Based on these views, it is possible to conclude that speaking is connected to communication It is one of four skills of English to express opinion, idea, thought, feeling to the other people by oral

Speaking is crucial for second language or foreign language learners in their daily lives Speaking is regarded as one of the most essential skills of the four macro English skills that are needed for communication (Zaremba, A, 2006) Use language in a variety of contexts such as researchers working in a medical laboratory or a language laboratory, they are expected to speak correctly and effectively to communicate well with one another Without speaking, a language is utilized solely as a script We are unable to share our thoughts and feelings, which makes it difficult for individuals to connect with one another and therefore creates unpleasant relationships Any commutation gap causes misunderstandings and challenges (Qureshi, I A., Ilyas, K., Yasmin, R., & Whitty, M ,2012)

The integration of the other language skills also emphasizes the crucial of speaking Speaking can assist students in improving their knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, which will subsequently help them write more effectively Students can use language to request things, convey ideas, tell stories ask questions, have discussions, and illustrate many functions Therefore, speaking is essential both inside and outside of the classroom

Moreover, since English is regarded as the lingua franca of the world or the international language, the ability to speak English fluently will be extremely beneficial and helpful for learners if they want to interact with people throughout the world It also

7 enables students to access latest information in different scientific domains (Zarifa, 2020) Nowadays, in the age of globalization, speaking is important for many reasons, including get information, communicate, utilize technology (ICT), assist education, government, tourism, business, logistics, and finance fields Additionally, in order to compete with other job candidates and take advantage of the expanding global market, proficiency in speaking English is crucial

Zaremba, A (2006) referred to research that revealed speaking or communication skills were frequently prioritized over work experience, motivation, and academic achievement as it related to new job recruiting Many multinational corporations demand that their staff speak it fluently or at least be able to communicate properly if it's their second language Communicating effectively opens wide range of possibilities for both speakers and corporate groups For instance, effective speech skills lead to success in formal speaking scenarios, development in their careers, job interviews, and several other business applications (Osborne, L A., McHugh, L., Saunders, J., & Reed,

In conclusion, speaking skills play an important role for all language learners Since English is one of the world's most commonly spoken languages, it is essential for students to become fluent in it Young people will be able to express their ideas through speaking English They can explain something or ask a question as it is a direct line of communication between minds In some ways, English serves as a bridge between individuals from other nations, ethnicities, and faiths It also establishes foundations for communication and create chances for not only professional growth but also education

The integration of the other language skills The ability to communicate effectively requires some speaking elements The five components of speaking skills identified by Harris (1974) are grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, fluency, and comprehension

Purpura, J E (2004) defined grammar as a systematic method for predicting the speaker's language competency To do this, learners should use a variety of structures naturally and correctly, as well as generate consistently accurate structures away from

8 the “slips” that are common in native speaker speech According to Nelson, G., & Greenbaum, S (2018) grammar is a set of 15 principles that allow humans to connect words into bigger units in their language In reality, it is utilized to prevent misunderstanding in any speaker assessing the right value of words based on the context (Rizqiningsih, S., & Hadi, M S, 2019)

The second aspect is vocabulary According to (Widiastuti, I A M S, 2011) acquiring a language's vocabulary is a crucial and foundational step People with a restricted vocabulary will have low comprehension in terms of speaking, reading, listening, and writing According to Willis, J (1998) without grammar, little can be expressed, and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed One cannot successfully communicate to explain ideas in both spoken and written formats without having a suitable vocabulary According to Tỹrk, E., & Erỗetin, G (2014) the vocabulary used in spoken language is frequently common and ordinary In other terms, it indicates that to understand spoken discourse, the vocabulary used in spoken language or speaking must be highly familiar and utilized in everyday conversation The writer believes that vocabulary is the foundation of language

TikTok application

TikTok, a Chinese pattern termed - Douyin that was launched in 2016 in China, is a program for creating and sharing short films that has since become one of the world's most rapidly rising social media platforms TikTok had reached more than 150 countries as of January 2020, with over 400 million daily active users (Iqbal, M.2021) TikTok lets users produce engaging films of diverse content using its simple special effects and editing tools, making videos ranging from 3 to 90 seconds in length and offers features that allow users to connect with their audience via comments and private conversations (Demmy, D., & Fathul, Q.2018)

The app TikTok's popularity has expanded for many different kinds of reasons, especially among young people TikTok has a young user base, with 69% of those aged

16 to 24 (Sloane, G., & Rittenhouse, L 2019) A significant percentage of its users are members of Generation Z, who are believed to be highly educated, tech-savvy, value visuals, enjoy creating product, and are always attached to their smartphone device (Priporas et al., 2017) Furthermore, TikTok videos are shorter in duration, which allows them to attract the interest and short attention span of many learners Shorter video learning encourages learners to participate in task-relevant activities while decreasing task- irrelevant activities (Szpunar, K K., Khan, N Y., & Schacter, D L 2013) TikTok is also known for its colorful, entertaining, and diverse content, which provides several benefits to its viewers TikTok's topics are diverse, from creative talents and personal experience to share knowledge like science, technology, and culture (Kaye,

Su et al (2021) discovered that TikTok users have a good attitude since they can acquire various skills that are useful in their daily activities TikTok is also an excellent facilitator for delivering educational materials to pupils Educational video media that are included in the videos are contents that have been designed for learning; hence, the material has been suited to the learning objectives to enhance students' learning (Erniasih,U., Pramono,S.E., dan Atno, 2018) Many teachers have used the site to create their own video to illustrate ideas, explain guidelines or theories, or simply communicate assignment instructions These videos can be downloaded and shared As a result,

15 students will profit greatly from this procedure since they will have unfettered access to the material and ideas discussed in videos

2.2.2.Characteristics of learning and teaching on TikTok

Different types of videos concentrate on different elements of English learning Some videos might focus on English accents, and their videos can assist language learners better understanding on English pronunciation from different regions Additionally, in order to enhance the entertainment aspects in the educational videos, TikTok creators can make video become funnier with the available features to capture the audience's interest Some will focus on daily vocabulary, teaching more realistic conversation based on communicative expressions and explain meanings of everyday terms There are also some video creators making and collecting learning materials for the learners on TikTok, and they are also giving students learning samples by adding suitable TV programs and movies in the videos and analyze them TikTok users can record the video from various angles with a variety of styles Some creative style can impress the viewers and attract them to watch more Moreover, due to the big data back- end algorithm, the user's favorite videos and the TikTok creators they follow will appear more in the platform Users can study all four basic language skills at several accounts and content creators (Fiallos, A., Fiallos, C., & Figueroa, S (2021)

People can watch short videos on TikTok application at any time and from any location where the network is accessible Moreover, due to the TikTok's built-in functions, such as the comment box and private messaging, also allow viewers and video makers to interact or leave comments (Bazan, M.2022)

At the end of each Douyin video (a Chinese version of TikTok), their icon and slogan will be displayed: “TikTok, record a better life." It is clear that the software's initial goal was to as entertaining as possible As a result, the teaching video of English teacher in TikTok tends to be amusing in some way After all, the video's audiences are not only language learners but also potential learners who enjoy this type of language

16 comedy So, everyone who accesses the TikTok is mostly here, expect for relaxation, away from the serious academic teaching atmosphere inside the classroom Entertaining teaching approaches are also more preferable Furthermore, TikTok restricts the duration of recorded videos to between 3 and 60 seconds, so TikTok creators who want to get attention and likes to have to produce captivating videos (Sari et al, 2022)

The majority of TikTok video clips are fascinating, and users can communicate in the comment section This is a place where everyone can share their opinions Many TikTok users come from the same career field will know each other and willing to discuss the knowledge in the comment section For example, in the comment area of language education videos, people may share of information and exchange their language skills, which will be beneficial for all people in this platform Hence, the smart phone could be potentially used as a mini-classroom for learners to discover information they desire As the result, this makes it ideal for people with short attention spans or who want to quickly through their phone during non-work or non-study time According to the Hurst et al survey, viewers of these TikTok videos felt they learnt something new and were more intrigued in the topic after seeing the video Moreover, according to Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve, frequent viewing might offer a chance to review after the learner's short-term memory has faded away, causing this linguistic content to progressively become long-term memory TikTok videos are not required to be downloaded, and with today's network coverage, they can be seen online at anytime, anywhere, which can become ideal for people to learn and remember something new In short, there are not many chances to practice English outside of the classroom Therefore, by watching many short videos on TikTok and commenting in the comments area, people may acquire and consolidate their language skills Learners will not be so stress in the TikTok environment, and they will regard short study as enjoyment and sharing more (Chao, M., Lei, J., He, R., Jiang, Y., & Yang, H 2023).

2.2.3.Tiktok as a Language Learning and Teaching Tool

Speaking skills are usually perceive as the most difficult part of classroom learning According to Swaran, Mohtar, Abdullah, and Mat's (2015) study, speaking English is challenging for ESL learners Many research investigations suggest that communicating via social media platforms such as TikTok has positive effects because this application can create digitally stored content like discussions that students may classify, share, and update (Bailey et al., 2017)

Furthermore, the use of suitable learning material supports the learners' verbal skills to be improved Students are prone to value new experiences that are close to their daily life, such as utilizing social networking apps The implementation of social media in the field of education is not an unusual idea Several studies have employed social networking apps as learning material For example, Herlisya and Alfiawati (2019) utilized Instagram as an instrument to teach English writing skills, Pratiwi et al (2021) used TikTok as a media to acquire English pronunciation, Sah (2015) utilized Twitter to teach language acquisition in an ESL/EFL classroom or Nurmy (2017), who utilized Facebook as a medium for studying English as a foreign language Speaking is how we communicate and connect with others When a person speaks, he will convey his thoughts, objectives, and purpose When someone talks, the listener receives and processes the information As a result, a process of successful communication and interaction takes place However, nowadays, students rarely encounter enthusiastic audiences when they present English in front of a classroom or in a schooling context Nevertheless, when utilizing TikTok to communicate in English, students have their own audiences They can be less vulnerable since people will watch their clips and hit the “like” button When they gain a significant number of 'likes,' students will be even more driven to make better video which let them practice their speaking skills more

18 Moreover, according to Nabilah, S., Nursan, M., & Suparyana, P K (2021) TikTok clubs and societies have been established at some schools in the United States, and teachers employ TikTok for teaching and engagement with students This trend is strongly promoted because the majority of students nowadays have signed up for a TikTok account, making it simpler to employ technology to engage students in creative learning through video TikTok also included a helpful editing tool that allowed users to make and submit professional videos TikTok is said to be beneficial for education since pupils can learn and watch teaching videos from the teachers repeatedly

Some teachers have made their own videos to explain complicated knowledge in the lesson or to share specific tasks instructions with the class Students get the benefits of this procedure since they are not distracted by trying to remember every word in their notes Instead, learners are encouraged to replay essential parts in a video repeatedly To sum up, using TikTok as a teaching and learning tool can help students address problems that they may face (Nabilah, S., Nursan, M., & Suparyana, P K 2021)

2.2.4.Advantages and Disadvantages of Tiktok

TikTok comprised of videos that users upload, and other users interact with the content by viewing, like, sharing, and commenting on it (Kingsbury et al., 2021) When compared to other social network platforms, the TikTok social media app stands out for several reasons Firstly, TikTok has a positive effect in education field, where instructors may utilize this app in lessons as a tool to explain a concept or example that would be simple for students to understand in a classroom (Brittany Marklin, 2018) TikTok can provide English teachers some creative English media such as short English videos Students can also make their own digital speech in English by using TikTok videos When teachers and other TikTok users send comments, students in this group can read and fix their mistakes This process can enhance students’ English communication skills

In short, TikTok contributed to the educational field by creating a platform for people to share knowledge and educate themselves about modern technology It's a form of learning that stimulates students' motivation and interest in their studies (Xu, L., Yan, X., & Zhang, Z.2019) Secondly, TikTok's suggestion system is so effective that it provides users with exactly the video material they want to watch and consume Moreover, there is a variety TikTok features available such as challenges, dancing

19 videos, a duet option, and magic tricks, which attract young people to use it TikTok also has a significant impact to the society It can offer users a platform to display their acting abilities and other skills, which may open opportunities for them to work as actors in the film industry more job opportunities are given by this application The app may also be used to spread awareness and collect donations

Overview of related studies

Several researches have been directed to assess the efficiency of TikTok in teaching and developing English speaking abilities Audrey A Bernard Ining (2021), for example, did research on how TikTok videos might help ESL students expand their vocabulary According to research, TikTok assists ESL students in expanding their vocabulary learning by presenting them to particular terms and phrases through its various topics and themesIt allows learners new ways to access the language through its many features; and it supports in familiarizing learners with different sets of vocabulary through its real-life content

21 Zhai Xiuwen (2021) explored an Overview of the Use of TikTok to Improve Oral English Communication Competence in EFL Undergraduate Students The study concludes that TikTok, as a developing social media platform, drew the attention of the entire world in several fields for various aims in the period of the coronavirus disease

It is evident that TikTok's popularity among Gen Z is constantly expanding Because the motivation and interests of using TikTok can engage young learners in their study in the modern digital arena, the use of TikTok for educational purposes, particularly for English language communication learning, should be recommended by modern English language educators as well as English language teachers in the Covid-19

More recently, the study of LILIS (2022) focused on enhancing students' peaking abilities using an English communication program To assess the effectiveness, the researcher conducted quantitative study The experiment group comprises all first-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Palopo during the 2020 academic year There are six classes, with 187 students participating in the program It was discovered that using English Listening and Speaking Applications as a learning medium enhances students' speaking ability and confidence Students are more engaged, motivated, and passionate about studying English According to the researcher's results, the application about communication skills can improved pupils' speaking abilities The difference was noted between the students' mean performance on the pre-test, which was 6.73 (enough), and their mean score on the post-test, which was 8.60 (very good) The statistical analyses were 5% significance criteria, and the findings were t0 (count) = 7.432 and df (degrees of freedom) = 14 The significant level worth is 0.00 (p 0.05) As a consequence, the Ho hypothesis is considered invalid, but the H1 hypothesis is already accepted Students may be encouraged, confident, and eager in learning English The post-test shows that students are more confident in describing people, animals, and things

Huining Yang (2020) studied Secondary-school Students' Perceptions of Using TikTok for English Learning in and Outside of the EFL Classroom This study looked at how 187 Chinese secondary-school students perceived using TikTok, a social media app, for English learning in and out of the classroom Despite grade disparities, the great majority of secondary-school EFL learners had good opinions regarding utilizing TikTok to learn English in and out of class, according to the study's findings TikTok

22 may be used in the EFL classroom as a supplement to traditional in-class English education, enhancing classroom activities, increasing learning motivation, and strengthening fundamental English skills Out of class, TikTok can be used as an English learning strategy to expand students’ English knowledge, get access to authentic authentic learning materials and cultivate their English learning interests Despite the positive impacts of using TikTok for English study, secondary-school students highlighted concerns that need to be addressed and directed by EFL teachers Based on the findings of this study, practical advice for EFL instructors, students, and TikTok platform software managers have been offered This study does have some drawbacks First, the sample size is inadequate Second, this study lacks experiments to validate the impact of utilizing TikTok to increase students' English learning skills Future research can use experiments as instruments and broaden the sample data set to make experimental results more representative and meaningful Likewise, some other studies have also pointed some drawbacks of the app There has been limited study on how EFL young learners utilize short videos on social media to learn English It is stated that English teachers haven't considered the potential benefits of implementing TikTok for learning English by college students, despite the fact that young people spend a significant amount of time exposed to the TikTok social media platform TikTok, when integrated with short videos, might help Generation Z acquire English language communication skills by engaging to EFL young learners' short attention spans with interesting topics Further studies should focus more on TikTok's effectiveness in English language teaching TikTok, which has a large number of intriguing short videos on a variety of topics, may divert young pupils' attention away from learning English for academic gain EFL young learners may be lured to other videos because they are too young to manage their own emotions and behaviors successfully for academic learning Furthermore, cyberbullying remains the most serious challenge for young EFL learners utilizing TikTok for English teaching purposes since there is no strict law or efficient measures established to protect young people when they use TikTok These young English learners are easily abused or bullied on the internet Futhermore, there are some hidden risks regarding to students' privacy issues while using social-media for academic purpose Sharing short-videos in English language by EFL students in public

23 social media platform to receive opinions from their peers or English language professionals which might be unsafe Posting short self-made short videos in online communities might cause possible risk for getting attentions from some potential criminals More and more effective procedures and monitoring systems, as well as effective legislation, are required to protect young internet citizens

In brief, the studies on the benefits of TikTok application on improving speaking skills show some positive impacts it on students’ speaking performance More importantly, students hold a positive attitude towards TikTok app and show a general acceptance of it as an appropriate tool in speaking classes

From the studies mentioned above, it can be seen that although the topic of applying TikTok app in EFL and ESL teaching and learning has widely been investigated, there have been few studies focused on the usage of it in Vietnam, especially at Viet Nam’s secondary students’ level so far In addition, most of the previous studies carried out analysis merely the effect of TikTok in general There has been no study focusing on a specific feature of the application, especially duet feature on TikTok For all of the reasons above, this study was conducted to fill the gaps of the previous studies and explore the issue in more depth in the context of Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school in order to contribute to the field of EFL teaching and learning.

Theoretical Framework

Kayi’s (2006) stated that “speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching” Despite its importance, in Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school, language include speaking is still taught in traditional method Traditional methodology thus focuses on grammatical structures and isolated items of vocabulary (Boumova, 2008) Therefore, using TikTok as an educational tool can be a persuasive learning and teaching technique to enhance the students’ speaking skills in Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school A student's motivation and interest in learning can be increased by using media to demonstrate new concepts so that students can understand them without difficulty or misunderstanding, adjust perception, and improve the quality of English learning Media can also help reduce the use of mother tongue or first language, simplify and perfect language learning, reduce the use of native language, and make learning more engaging and interactive

24 According to the explanation above, the writer believed that using TikTok could help learners improve their speaking skills The study was based on model: The Input, Process, and Outcome (IPO) modified from (Garris et al., 2002) (see the figure 1 below)

Summary

This chapter has reviewed the literature related to the study issues, including definitions of key terms Moreover, related studies have been presented The literature review of the current study provides a theoretical framework which can serve as guidelines to conduct the study In the next chapter, the methodology of the study will be described in detail

Improve speaking skills by using TikTok application Speaking’s elements:

Statistical analysis of data between pre-test score and post-test score then reflect on the process

Pre- test before using the application

Using TikTok as a learning and teaching medium by using TikTok videos in classrooms’ activities and giving speaking assignments Data collection

Post- test after using the application through TikTok application

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Restatement of the research questions

As stated in the introduction chapter of the thesis, the goal of the research is to investigate if the teacher's utilization of the TikTok app has any effect on the pupils' speaking ability The researcher hopes to gain a deeper understanding of how TikTok is used as a teaching tool, develop students' speaking abilities, enhance teaching methods, and broaden her own perspectives

In this study, these three major questions are answered:

(1) To what extent can TikTok help improve students’ speaking skills at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school?

(2) What are the students’ attitudes toward the TikTok application?

Reasons of choosing action research

In order to achieve the study's goals and objectives, it is believed that classroom action research is appropriate for this investigation This choice was made for the following reasons:

First, according to (Burns, 2010) stated that the core idea of action research is to find the appropriate solution to the problem with the purpose of changing or improving the quality of the product Therefore, with the aim of finding a solution to improve the weakness in speaking English, the current study fits with an action research method This research design was adopted to measure whether the TikTok application can improve the students’ speaking skills at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school As speaking is one of the most difficult skills that must be faced by students, this study may give them a way to solve it

Secondly, another rationale for this choice was the frequency of using Action Research More recently, action research has been applied in lots of social contexts, especially, there is an increase in the popularity of education, organizational development, health, and social care (Yan, Z., & Xu, Y (2018) Therefore, the writer

26 applied an action research approach to seek the effect of TikTok on student’s speaking abilities.

The setting of the research

This study is conducted at Huynh Khuong Ninh Secondary School in Ba Ria Vung Tau Province, Vietnam The school is located at 112 Vo Thi Sau Street, Ward Thang Tam, Vung Tau City The school aims at training students from grade 6 to grade 9 The number of students in one class is quite high Each class consists of approximately 35-

40 students The school is famous for its modern teaching facilities and young enthusiastic well-qualified teachers Most of the teachers are willing to apply new methods into teaching The administration in this school is the same as in other secondary schools There is one principal and one vice-principal They oversee managing all the teaching and learning activities of the school The English course book and the curriculum are not designed by the school, but by the Ministry of Education The teachers must follow and cannot change what to teach and how to teach In the English curriculum of the school, all four skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing are shown to be of equal importance In fact, speaking skills is often ignored as it is not tested in any final examinations

English 9 textbook was compiled by the Vietnam Education Publishing House under the pilot program of general education in English at lower secondary level promulgated by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No 01/QD- BGDĐT dated January 3, 2012, followed by English 8 The book is written in a communicative way, assisting students in developing their ability to communicate in English through the four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing by using corpus (phonetics, vocabulary, grammar) In which, priority is given to developing two skills of listening and speaking In English 9, Volume One, learning is the center, students are the core subjects of the teaching process, in which psychology of secondary school students, cultural characteristics of Vietnam and other countries around the world, especially English-speaking countries, are emphasized English 9, Volume One is compiled two main themes which are close to students: Our Communities and Our Heritage There are six units (Local Environment, City Life, Teen Stress and Pressure, Life in The Past, Wonders of Viet Nam, Viet Nam: Then and Now) English

9, Volume Two is compiled two main themes: Our World and Vision of the Future There are also six units (Recipes and Eating Habits, Tourism, English In the World, Space Travel, Changing Roles in Society, My Future Career)

In terms of the number of components in each unit, there are seven headings: Getting Started, A Closer Look 1, A Closer Look 2, Communication & Culture, Skills

1 (Reading and Speaking), Skills 2 (Listening and Writing), and Looking Back After each topic is a review (Review) focusing on language knowledge and language skills that students have learned and practiced

3.3.3 Speaking English with Zach duet videos

Speak English With Zach! Zach, also known as @speakenglishwithzach, is an native English speaker and also an English certified English teacher from Ireland who helps learners build fluency and confidence in English Here are some details about his work:

YouTube Channel: Zach runs a YouTube channel called Speak English With Zach1 On this channel, he shares videos related to English speaking, pronunciation,

28 conversation, and more Whether you’re looking to improve your English skills or just enjoy engaging content, his channel might be a great resource for you

TikTok: Zach is also active on TikTok, where he shares short videos related to English learning You can find him on TikTok as @speakenglishwithzach2 His content covers various topics, including grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation With more than 6 million of followers and many positive comments on the channel, his TikTok videos have a high level of credibility in terms of content and gain a great trust from followers

Podcast: Zach has a podcast called The Speak English With Zach Podcast If you prefer audio content, you might want to check it out for additional language learning tips and insights

Selecting TikTok videos from the channel @speakenglishwithZach for speaking activities can offer several benefits:

Focused on English Learning: @speakenglishwithZach is a channel dedicated to teaching English, making it an ideal source for language learners The content is specifically designed to help students improve their English skills, including speaking, listening, vocabulary, and pronunciation

Structured Language Lessons: The videos on @speakenglishwithZach often follow a structured format, covering various language topics such as grammar explanations, vocabulary lessons, pronunciation tips, and common English phrases This

29 structured approach provides learners with organized and comprehensive language instruction

Clear and Engaging Presentation: Zach, the creator of the channel, presents the content in a clear, engaging, and easy-to-understand manner His enthusiastic teaching style and relatable explanations make the videos accessible and appealing to learners of all levels

Varied Content: @speakenglishwithZach offers a wide range of content, including grammar tutorials, vocabulary lessons, idiomatic expressions, conversational English practice, and cultural insights This variety allows teachers to choose videos that align with different learning objectives and language skills

Interactive Learning Activities: Many videos on @speakenglishwithZach include interactive learning activities, such as quizzes, pronunciation drills, listening exercises, and role-playing scenarios These activities provide opportunities for students to practice speaking and apply their language skills in context

Community Engagement: The @speakenglishwithZach channel fosters a sense of community among English learners by encouraging interaction, participation, and feedback Students can engage with the content through comments, likes, shares, and responses, creating a collaborative learning environment

Cultural Context: In addition to language instruction, @speakenglishwithZach occasionally incorporates cultural references, slang, and real-life examples to provide learners with insights into English-speaking cultures This cultural context enriches students' understanding of the language and its usage in different contexts

Accessibility: TikTok is a widely accessible platform that can be accessed on various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and computers Students can easily watch @speakenglishwithZach videos at their own pace and convenience, allowing for flexible and self-directed learning opportunities

Overall, choosing TikTok videos from @speakenglishwithZach can support English language learners by offering structured language lessons, engaging content, interactive activities, cultural insights, and opportunities for community engagement

30 These videos can enhance speaking activities by providing relevant and effective language input for learners of all levels

3.3.4 The relationship between selected duet videos and the main curriculum for grade 9 students

In our English textbook, we've delved into a variety of topics that are not only relevant but also deeply significant in our daily lives The themes of food and drink, tourism, stress and pressure, future plans, and city life resonate with the experiences and interests of learners, making them highly suitable for assessment after our lessons

Participants

The subject of the research is the grade nine students, especially the students of class 9A3 It involves one class consisting of thirty- five students; twenty girls and fifteen boys The research is conducted through assignment at home The researcher chooses this class as the subject of the class because according to Martyn Denscombe (2010), action research is normally related to ‘hands-on’, small-scale research projects Practitioners must be participants, not just in terms of taking part in the study, but also as partners in the research The pre-observation reveals that the students in this class are enthusiastic about learning English, particularly when they experience something new For instance, when they learn that a researcher would be instructing them in speaking class, most students appear ready to learn Furthermore, the majority of students come from middle-income families, so their study is fully financially supported by their family

The researcher, who is also an English teacher in the 9A3 class, took part in the study with the participants She was fully conscious of her pupils' English proficiency and attitudes toward acquiring English speaking skills since she has been teaching the students directly.

Research method

The study was conducted as an action research project to determine how well the TikTok application improved the speaking abilities of the pupils In order to teach speaking, the researcher developed and used duet videos on the TikTok platform Data was gathered and examined to determine the app's effectiveness for future use

In this study, the teacher-researcher applied Kurt Lewin (2008) action research model According to Kurt Lewin (2008) basic component to design Class Action Research, there are four cycles They are: planning, acting, observing and reflecting The cycles depend on the problems in class that need to solve First, the researcher plans how to carry out the activity in the learning practice during the planning step Based on

43 the problem raised by the research, the planning was developed Next, the researcher performs the planning activity during the acting stage In this phase, the researcher applied the offered method which the researcher had made in the planning stage The observation stage is the stage in which the researcher collects data as a result of the conducted action The observation focused on the participants' performance during the learning practice Finally, during the reflecting stage, the researcher assesses and interprets the results of the activity In this stage, it decides whether the offered methodology is successfully implemented in the learning practice

Figure 3.1: Action Research Process (Model Kurt Lewin)

Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study To answer the two research questions, two instruments were used in the current study, namely a questionnaire and tests As noted by Choy (2014), a complementary combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches can produce better results, providing a full picture of the research problem These two research instruments will be described in detail

The instrument that collected the qualitative data would be questionnaire A total of

35 students did the list of questions A questionnaire is a popular data-gathering research instrument in many fields, especially education Questionnaire was distributed to the participants to analyze students’ perception of the use of TikTok application and to dig deeper the impact of the self-improvement According to Bell and Walters (2014), using a questionnaire is a cost-efficient way to quickly collect information from many participants in a relatively short period of time Moreover, questionnaires can be utilized to obtain a general picture of characteristics of a large population sample (Dửrnyei, 2003) All items were closed-ended questions and the research participants were asked to tick the most appropriate answer from a series of options Furthermore, the design of the questionnaires will be based on the Likert scale format The participants will have to complete a survey including items with a 5-level Likert scale: ‘5’ for Strongly Agree (SA), ‘4’ for Agree (A), ‘3’ for Neutral (N), ‘2’ for Disagree (D) and ‘1’ for Strongly Disagree (SD) The reason for selecting this kind of questions is the framework given to the respondents' responses The structure of a closed-ended question offers the researcher with information of consistent length, and the response itself presents well to calculation and compare The responses, in fact, include pre-coded data that may be simply assessed

The quantitative data would be acquired via tests According to Brown (2004:3), a test is a means of assessing a person's skill, knowledge, or performance in a certain topic

In order to compare the students' speaking abilities before and after being taught using TikTok, a pre-test and a post-test were given in this study Pre-test was conducted before using TikTok and Post-test was conducted after using TikTok for the process of learning speaking Both the tests comprise of 4 questions on a specific topic As for this section, the pupils’ ability to interact and answer all questions would be assessed All 35 participants took the test to contribute to the quantitative data of this research As for treatment stage, the researcher gave videos from TikTok app for students to practice Students watched and practiced video during lesson, then received video as a task to do

45 at home They had to duet the video, and interact with the video creator (ask and answer about some daily topics)

X1: students speaking ability in pre-test

O: Treatment teaching speaking by using TikTok X2: Students speaking ability in post-test

Pre- test and Post- test specifications

Test Description: This test is designed to assess participants' speaking skills across various topics Participants will engage in speaking tasks related to five different topics: Food and drinks, Tourism, Stress and pressure, Future Plans, and City life Each topic will include a series of speaking tasks aimed at eliciting spontaneous speech, coherent expression of ideas, and effective communication The test will be conducted individually, with participants choosing topic randomly to respond

2.Speaking Tasks for Each Topic (approximately 10 minutes per topic)

Speaking Tasks for Each Topic:

1.Task 1: Participants will take turns describing their favorite food, explaining why they enjoy it and sharing any personal stories or memories associated with it (3 minutes per participant)

46 2.Task 2: Talk about healthy eating habits Participants will discuss his/her own habits related to food choices, cooking, and nutrition (5 minutes)

3.Task 3: The impact of junk food on teenagers' health Participants will present arguments for and against the statement (10 minutes)

1.Task 1: Participants will share stories about their best holiday destination, describing the location, activities, and memorable experiences (3 minutes per participant)

2.Task 2: Talk about on travel preferences Participants will discuss whether his/her prefer to travel alone or in a group and share his/her reasons (8 minutes)

3.Task 3: Talk about tourism accessibility Participants will discuss barriers faced by different groups of travelers and propose strategies for promoting inclusive tourism (10 minutes)

1.Task 1: Participants will share personal experiences of being under pressure and discuss how they managed the situation (3 minutes per participant)

2.Task 2: Talk about stress management strategies Participants will share tips and techniques for coping with stress in daily life (8 minutes)

3.Task 3: Talk about essential skills for coping with stress Participants will identify and discuss skills that teenagers need to navigate stressful situations effectively (10 minutes)

1.Task 1: Participants will discuss their aspirations for the future, including career goals and personal ambitions (3 minutes per participant)

2.Task 2: Talk about working preferences Participants will discuss whether they prefer to work for themselves or for someone else, and share their reasons (8 minutes) 3.Task 3: Talk about the importance of career planning Participants will discuss whether it is necessary to make long-term plans for career development (10 minutes)

1.Task 1: Participants will talk about their current city living experiences, highlighting what they like and dislike about their city (3 minutes per participant)

2.Task 2: Talk about dream city destinations Participants will share their ideal cities to live in and talk about what draws them to those places (8 minutes)

3.Task 3: Brainstorming on improving urban environments Participants will talk about potential solutions for making cities better places to live (10 minutes)

Conclusion and Feedback: At the end of the test, participants will have the opportunity to provide feedback on the test format, difficulty level, and their overall experience The test administrator will also provide feedback on participants' speaking skills, including strengths and areas for improvement

Note: The test administrator should ensure a supportive and encouraging environment to facilitate effective communication and participation from all participants

Using the same test materials for both the pre-test and post-test after implementing a treatment process allows for a more direct comparison of participants' performance before and after the treatment as the reasons below:

Consistency: Using the same test materials ensures consistency in the assessment process Any changes observed in participants' performance can be attributed more reliably to the treatment (i.e., the use of duet TikTok videos) rather than variations in test conditions or materials

Validity: By employing identical test materials, the validity of the assessment is enhanced Any improvements in participants' speaking skills observed in the post-test

48 are more likely to be genuine reflections of the effectiveness of the treatment rather than artifacts of differences in test content or format

Controlled Variables: Keeping test materials constant minimizes the influence of extraneous variables that could confound the results This allows for a clearer understanding of the impact of the treatment on participants' speaking abilities

Comparability: Using the same test materials facilitates direct comparisons between pre- and post-test performance This comparability enables educators or researchers to ascertain the extent of improvement or change resulting from the intervention with greater confidence

Ease of Analysis: Employing consistent test materials simplifies the analysis process Educators or researchers can focus on interpreting the differences in performance between the pre-test and post-test without having to account for variations in test content or difficulty

However, while using the same test materials for the pre-test and post-test offers several advantages, it's also important to consider potential limitations For instance, if participants become overly familiar with the test materials or tasks, there may be a risk of practice effects, where improvements are attributed to repeated exposure rather than the treatment itself.

Research Procedure

The researcher carried out classroom action research, which included the following four phases The study lasts five weeks in 2023, beginning in the first week of April

The researcher noticed that students in the 9A3 class in the 2023 course suffered during speaking lessons after attending several meetings with them As a result, very few pupils are interested in speaking lessons, and their speaking abilities are inadequate -Develop an action plan

49 Lesson plans created with a combination of duet videos from TikTok and practice activity in the classroom The themes-based subjects were chosen with consideration from the material in the textbook A pre-test was carried out before the treatment, and a post-test was conducted after the treatment The questionnaires to investigate the students' perception on this application were all purposefully designed

In the classroom, a speaking test is conducted by the researcher in the pre- treatment stage Teacher used TikTok application during lesson to improve students’ speaking skills:

1 st meeting • The researcher described how to use the TikTok app and its features

• The researcher shared a video on the TikTok app with the subject

• The researcher allocated four to five minutes for watching and listening to the conversation

• Teachers let students discuss some new words and terms, then presented the meaning of the new vocabulary

• The researcher practiced the dialogue with students

• The researcher supplied a Tiktok video with a topic about “food and drink” and assigned students to duet the video

2 nd meeting • The researcher encouraged students to keep up their enthusiasm for studying

• The researcher showed the students a video with the topic “tourism” in TikTok application

• The researcher supplied a Tiktok video with a topic about “tourism” and assigned students to duet the video

3 rd meeting • The researcher inspired the pupils to continue working hard at their studies

• The researcher gave the students a video with the topic “stress and pressure” in TikTok application

• The researcher practiced the dialogue with students The researcher supplied a Tiktok video with a topic about “stress and pressure” and assigned students to duet the video

4 th meeting • The researcher motivated students to keep the spirit in the learning process

• The researcher gave the students a video with the topic “future plan” in TikTok application

• The researcher supplied a Tiktok video with a topic about “future plan” and assigned students to duet the video

5 th meeting • By having students interact while they study, the researcher assessed their speaking abilities

• The researcher gave the students a video with the topic “city life” in TikTok application

• The researcher supplied a Tiktok video with a topic about “city life” and assigned students to duet the video

Students were also required to provide their reflections after the treatment After the lessons applying TikTok platform, the researcher evaluates the speaking abilities of the pupils using the grading rubric Then, questionnaires were distributed to the students, and all their reflections were gathered

The final phase was considering what had happened while using the TikTok platform To determine how successful the intervention was in enhancing students' speaking abilities, the data was reviewed, looked at, and TikTok usage was also assessed The viewpoints, attitudes, and challenges of the learners would all be clarified The study's flaws were noted, and recommendations were made to increase the method's efficacy in enhancing students' speaking abilities.

Data collection instruments

To gather precise and reliable data for the study, a number of methods were utilized, including speaking tests and questionnaires

In collecting data, the researcher conducted steps, as follows:

Pre-test: a test that gave to students to measure their speaking ability before the treatment process This test was given for students' basic competencies and knowing prior knowledge before getting treatment Teacher chose the topic questions for students randomly, students then answered questions listed in the topic within 2 minutes

Treatment: prior to the post-test, students were received treatment Treatment means that the researcher used the TikTok application to let student learn speaking Treatment was done by given English lessons used TikTok videos as a learning medium TikTok videos were created by native English speaker and were being playing in front of the class using a projector Students can listen and observe for the first time Teacher then gave explanation about new terms or vocabulary in the video After that, students were asked to practice the model dialogue in the video that had been played Then, teacher assigned the video as homework, students must duet with the video and submit to the teacher The TikTok videos were also evaluated by the supervisor to check the reliability and validity and whether the items were suitable with the level of the student The research was used five meetings for treatment

Post- test: a method to assess participants after using TikTok At the last meeting, the researcher organized a post test to see how much the students' speaking abilities had improved Post- test is used to measure the level of success in research conducted after the treatment process, to know their abilities after receiving treatment The same set of questions are included in both pre- test and post- test

The questionnaire was chosen and adapted from previous studies According to Oppenheim (1992), a pilot study is crucial to increasing the reliability, validity and practicality of the questionnaire Therefore, the researcher piloted the questionnaire at first to find the possible problems which may arise in the research The initial English version of the questionnaire was evaluated by the supervisor to check whether the items could identify the student’s perception of using TikTok app to improve their speaking skills After receiving the feedback, the researcher revised the questionnaire, modified

55 and reworded some items about types of mistakes to make them more comprehensible to the participants Then, in the main study, the questionnaire was distributed to 35 participants at class 9A3 at Huynh Khuong Ninh Secondary School All of them were informed that they were supposed to finish the questionnaires honestly, independently and anonymously within 15 minutes (see APPENDIX 1).

Data analysis

Figure 3.2: Data analysis of the study

Quantitative data is a technique to analyze and count the data The data collected from the questionnaires were computed via Excel and illustrated in suitable tables according to statistical frequency and percentage to find out student’s perception about using TikTok application in learning English

The technique of qualitative data analysis In this study, the researcher was used the qualitative data to know the students’ ability in speaking after they were used TikTok

In order to ascertain students' speaking abilities, this analysis analyzed student success between the pre- and post-test periods Additionally, pupils' pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension are evaluated The exam content is based on the topic that students are focusing on The researcher's grading rubric is a scale rating score of (David P Harris, 1977; cited in Wahyuni 2018)

Table 3.2: Grading criteria for the pre- test and post- test

Have a little trace of foreign accent 5

It always understandable, though one can realize of a certain accent

In listening, need to concentrate because occasionally lead to misunderstanding

Very hard to understand, because of problems in pronunciation It needs to be asked to repeat frequently

Speech virtually is incomprehensible, because of pronunciation problems

Makes a little error of grammar and word order

Sometimes, makes grammatical and/or word order errors which do not change the meaning

Often make errors of grammar and word- order which sometimes change the meaning

It is hard to understand, because of grammar and word-order errors Thus, must rephrase the sentences and/or limit into basic pattern

There are a lot of grammar and word-order errors, so the speech is hard to understand

Vocabulary and idiom use is almost the same as native speaker

Sometimes, vocabulary is used in the right form and/or must rephrase the idea because of lexical deficiency

Often use the wrong vocabulary; conversation is a bit limited because of adequate vocabulary

Misuse of word and very limited vocabulary make hard to understand

Vocabulary limitations are so extreme, so the conversation becomes impossible

The fluency of the speech is like a native speaker

The speed of speech is slightly affected by language problems

The speed of speech is rather strongly affected by language problems

Seems hesitate, often forced into silence because of language limitations

Speech is fragmentary and halting, it makes the conversation seems impossible

Understand the content without any difficulties

Understand almost everything at normal speed, even though it needs occasional repetition

Understand most of what is said at slower speed if it is comparing with the normal speed, and also repetitions

Has difficulty in following what is said can understand only the "social conversation" that is spoken slowly and with frequent repetitions

Cannot understand even the example of English conversation

This scoring rubric has criteria for assessing students’ speaking skill, it is presented as follows:

The statistical program SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) was used to

59 analyze the data collected in the speaking tests The aim of utilizing SPSS in this study was to make the research more practical and efficient.

The rubric

This rubric aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using TikTok in improving students' speaking skills at Huynh Khuong Ninh Secondary School The criteria are designed to measure different aspects of the teaching and learning process through the use of TikTok

Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Fair (2) Week(1)

Join Students participate actively and regularly, creating many creative videos

Students participated actively, creating some creative videos

Students participate but rarely create videos, only participating at a basic level

Students rarely participate, do not create videos, or participate infrequently

Interact Students interact actively with friends and teachers, frequently commenting and sharing

Students interact well with friends and teachers, with some comments and sharing

Students interact but at an average level, with few comments and shares

Students hardly interact, comment or share

Pronunciation is clear, accurate and natural

Pronunciation is clear, some minor errors

Pronunciation is clear but there are many small errors

Pronunciation is not clear, many errors

Fluency Speak fluently, with few interruptions

Speak fluently but with occasional interruptions

Speaks relatively fluently but with many pauses

Speech is not fluent, many interruptions

Use rich and precise vocabulary

Use appropriate but not rich vocabulary

Use basic vocabulary, lacking richness

Uses limited vocabulary, and many errors

Understanding and Application of Content

Students deeply and fully understand the content of the videos

Students clearly understand the content of the videos

Students understand the basics but not the full content

Students do not understand or misunderstand the content

Students apply content to speaking creatively and effectively

Students apply content to the speech appropriately

Students apply the content but it is not effective

Students do not apply or misapply the content

Summary

This chapter centered on the research methodology employed to conduct the study The research design, research site and the participants of the study were described in detail Additionally, this chapter also shed light on the research instruments for data collection, procedures of data collection and data analysis In the next chapter, the findings of the study will be presented

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Students’ perceptions of using TikTok application in studying speaking English62 1.Students' perceptions of new vocabulary

4.1.1.Students' perceptions of new vocabulary

Figure 4.1: TikTok application help students gain more insight of new vocabulary

According to the survey's findings, 20 students (57%) believe TikTok has helped them learn new words, whereas 4 students (12%) disagree and 11 students (31%) strongly agree This indicates that using TikTok help students gain new vocabulary, which is one of the most crucial aspects of language acquisition Vocabulary is the fundamental unit that creates English sentences, and it is particularly crucial for children acquiring a L2 since a limited vocabulary in that language prevents successful integration (Alqahtani, 2015) Communication cannot be effective if students lack words Additionally, if someone uses incorrect lexical, listeners may be

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

63 misunderstanding the message Therefore, the communication's goals cannot be achieved

Figure 4.2: TikTok application help students gain more insight of pronunciation

Based on the data collected, 24 students (69%) believe that TikTok may help them improve their pronunciation skills while 3 students (8%) disagree It shows that the majority of learners believe that after using TikTok to learn the pronunciation, they can pronounce words more clearly By Laura Ceci (2024), a large portion of TikTok users are from other countries which use English as their L1 So, we can certainly pick up some tips from those who pronounce words more clearly than we do

Figure 4.3: TikTok application help students gain more insight of grammar

Grammar plays an essential role for effective communication since it demonstrates language usage (Apsari, 2018) Mastering strong grammar allows pupils to communicate clearly and accurately, making it easier for others to understand Therefore, making grammatical mistakes are one of the reasons that prevent pupils from feeling comfortable while speaking According to the survey, it can be seen from the chart that 16 students (46%) believe they can acquire insight into grammar based on the survey's results As a result, they are more confident Furthermore, despite the fact that

1 students (3%) strongly disagree with such statement, 9 students (26%) also strongly agree with it We can draw the conclusion that with TikTok application, most of them have more confidence in speaking English because when they open the TikTok application, they can learn grammar from other users and apply it to themselves Additionally, according to Weiner (1985), the perception of social media support to foster the motivation to succeed, so TikTok- a social networking site may pique students' interest in grammar instruction since learning grammar can be tedious and challenging

4.1.4.Influence of TikTok on students’ gestures, emotions, and intonation

Figure 4.4 TikTok application show students how to use proper gestures, emotions, and intonation

According to the statistics, 72 % of the students believed TikTok have positive influences on their gestures, emotions and intonation whereas 17% don’t This result leads us to the conclusion that learners may learn about gestures, emotions, and intonation when using TikTok They can see how other users applied gestures and learn suitable expressiveness by TikTok videos Additionally, pupils can learn how to effectively use intonation They can apply high intonation or low tone in appropriate circumstances by picking up tips from the numerous public speakers who have uploaded videos to the TikTok app

4.1.5.Students' perceptions of being motivated

Figure 4.5: TikTok application can motivate students’ learning process

According to the students' responses to this statement, 15 students (43%) acknowledge that TikTok can inspire them to enhance their speaking abilities, 14 students (40%) strongly agree, and 3 students (9%) disagree The analysis of the data leads to the opnion that TikTok can increase students' motivation to practice speaking According to Demmy and Fathul (2018), Tik Tok is the most current social networking site that enables users to produce intriguing videos and have private discussions Vietnamese teachers can create their own video clips to illustrate difficult subjects and offer detailed assignment instructions when teaching speaking skills besides utilized books as a tool for teaching and learning The video might be a new teaching approach that attracts students' motivation since Chen and Yang (2019) cited that social media can increase learners' motivation and involvement in language learning, resulting in improved learning results

4.1.6.Students’ opinion of the TikTok application

Figure 4.6: Students’ positive opinion about the TikTok application

It can be seen from the chart that the majority of them have good opinions of this TikTok app Based on the data, we discovered that 5 students (14%) disagree with this statement, whereas 6 students (17%) strongly agree and 18 students (52%) agree with it

We may infer from the statistics that students have a favorable impression of the TikTok application Most of them feel more comfortable to communicate and express whatever is on their minds thanks to the tool, which can offer the feature to create videos Therefore, students can produce a captivating video to express their thoughts The video can be deleted if students do not like to see it anymore So that they will not be scared of other people's opinions

4.1.7.Students’ feeling during the process of using TikTok application to practice speaking English

Figure 4.7: Students’ feeling about TikTok application during the process of learning

The survey's findings revealed that practicing speaking on TikTok is both entertaining and fascinating Thus, they are not bored The data shows that 14 students (40%) agree, 10 students (28%) strongly agree, and 5 students (15%) disagree and strongly disagree with this statement This indicates that most of students think TikTok is a pleasant and engaging medium to practice speaking Students will be more motivated to practice speaking if they enjoy the learning process

4.1.8.Students’ feeling after practicing speaking

Figure 4.8: Students’ feeling after using TikTok application

It can be seen from the figure that 17 students (49 %) agree, 12 students (34%) strongly agree, and 2 students (6 %) disagree that TikTok can conquer their anxiety of speaking incorrectly based on the data that was collected It can draw the conclusion that TikTok may have an adverse effect on young learner’s level of anxiety Removing an incorrect fear is a challenging task, which involve time However, there are many more students who agree with this assertion than those who do not

4.1.9.Students' interest in the “Duet me Challenge” feature

Figure 4.9: Students’ feeling about “Duet me challenge” feature on TikTok application

According to the findings, 12 students (34 %) agree and 16 students (46%) strongly agree with the usage of “Duet me Challenge “feature in improving speaking skills Nevertheless, 5 students (14%) disagree It may draw the conclusion that students responded positively to the short TikTok videos Students will not get frustrated or bored watching short videos because they are simple to follow They will learn effective English speaking through the clips Students can duet with native speakers due to the " duet me challenge" feature as well As interaction with native speakers helps language learners enhance their linguistic and cultural comprehension (Cadd, 2012; Martinsen & Thompson, 2019), learners who do not speak English as their L1 will be fascinated and want to practice speaking with native speakers who usually create the inspirational learning atmosphere and reliable learning material

4.1.10.TikTok app is an effective learning medium

Figure 4.10: Students’ opinions about TikTok application as an effective medium in improving speaking skills

According to the results, 12 students (34%) and 17 students (49 %) totally agree that the application can help them develop the speaking skills while 2 students (6%) disagree and strongly disagree We can see that the majority of students believe that TikTok is one of the most useful tools for enhancing communication skills Nowadays, students can interact and speak with users from different countries on TikTok Thus, it resembles real-world speaking scenarios and the students can gain some benefits from it

Students’ speaking ability by using TikTok application

The students’ score in pre-test and post- test

Item Pre- test Post- test

To discover whether there is a distinction between the between the pretest and posttest results, the t-dependent test is used In managing the data for the t-dependent test, researchers used the SPSS type 24 software program, namely Paired-sample T-test The results of the t-dependent test:

Paired Differences t df Sig (2- tailed) Mean Std

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper

There are 35 samples in total in the study The study's results description indicates the impact of the TikTok application on students' speaking abilities The groups of students started out with the same level of communication ability

Based on the data produced above this study used a sample of 35 students, the average score for pre-test students of English class = 3.0800 and standard deviation 83236 Meanwhile, for post-test value = 4.2200 and standard deviation = 66810, with the degree of significance (Sig.) is 000 The TikTok application had a statistically considerable effect on students' speaking ability, according to the findings.

Discussion

4.3.1.Students' positive attitudes towards learning speaking skill through TikTok application

The first research questions “To find out the students’ attitudes towards TikTok application” mostly answered with the help of the questionnaire

Firstly, most of the students appreciated the benefits of the TikTok towards their speaking skill In other words, they agreed that through music and dynamic videos, the platform increases language learners’ interest and motivation Students feel satisfied with TikTok application before and after using it as media for learning and teaching TikTok was interesting and it helped them to actively participate in speaking tasks, so they found that they could be more confident of speaking English in meaningful

75 contexts Zaitun et al., (2021) also agreed that the diverse learning experiences offered by TikTok contribute to participants' sense of happiness during classroom activities, highlighting its positive impact on their academic performance Furthermore, TikTok's captivating topics as well as the way videos are demonstrated grab learners' attention, which supporting students in understanding and learning new information Because TikTok videos are not long, learners may improve the language abilities quickly and efficiently, without becoming bored According to Xiuwen and Razali (2021), the majority of learners feel that using social platform combined with short videos may support them enhance their English communication competency obtaining through self- regulated learning with common contents presented by English instructors

Second, they mostly agree that using TikTok to learn speaking skills helped them improve their vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation They acquired new words more effectively, made use of grammatical structures as well as pronounced English sounds more accurately This occurred because their inspiration and interests in utilizing TikTok can be converted into the push-power to captivate the students in their study Anggi E Pratiwi (2021) also stated that the TikTok app may be utilized as an English language learning strategy to help and improve speaking abilities As a result, acquiring speaking skills using the TikTok app could assist those improve their grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, fluency, discourse development, as well as communication and cooperation abilities Furthermore, when students collaborated with their classmates throughout the discussion stage, they might assist, encourage, or even push one another to complete the tasks for the final products (Robinson, 2013) Their speaking skills can be developed through a deeper understanding of conceptual knowledge and the students would not feel bored in learning because they did not get the monotonous process of teaching and learning in classroom They might discuss ideas and give essential comments on individual speeches To summarize, TikTok was well received by the majority of the students

4.3.2.Improvement of students' speaking skill

The results of the test play a key role in answering the study's first research question related to the influence of the TikTok app on students' speaking skills First, there was no considerable difference in the students' English levels because they all

76 came from class 9A3 It is possible to conclude that the students English speaking abilities were nearly equal before they went through the treatment stage

Furthermore, by employing TikTok for teaching and learning, the students received higher grades for their talks after the treatment session than they did before In particular, they made significant progress in speaking English over the five meetings as compared to the previous period before they started receiving treatment The post-test findings revealed that TikTok increased students' confidence in speaking in a meaningful context, connected ideas with connecting devices, developed ideas with supporting ideas, along with reduced pauses and hesitation Furthermore, the app played an important influence in their precise use of grammatical structures, extensive vocabulary, as well as correct pronunciation In conclusion, the results show that the treatment significantly improves the pupils' speaking abilities TikTok can be an effective tool for teachers to enhance the speaking performance of learners (Zhai, X and Razali, 2021) The improvement might be attributed to several factors:

First, the students in the 9A3 were given opportunities to learn speaking skill through a social application TikTok To be more precise, students could utilize the sources of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that they had just learned to the process of recording many duet videos related to their lessons Furthermore, students will get the opportunities to practice their new knowledge in the classroom with their peers and teacher

They also strictly followed specific plans created by the researcher for each meeting, requiring them to work with weekly goals and well-organized stages As a result, students were required to communicate frequently: throughout the five meetings in the classroom; while working with their teams to practice the material; during rehearsals under the researcher's supervision; and during the performance of recording duet videos Additionally, it is also highlighted that TikTok allows learners to engage with authentic language content in a fun and interactive manner, which can lead to increased motivation and engagement in language learning (Pereira, A and Hitotuzi, N., 2023)

Second, the group of students had opportunities to collaborate with other students and get advises from their teacher Because students used purposeful communication to

77 finish real content, they were able to practice language in a real-life setting (Haines, 1989) and participate in meaningful tasks that required practical language usage As a consequence, students were able to speak English and learn how to appropriately employ grammatical items, select appropriate vocabulary items in settings, pronounce words precisely, and develop their thoughts effectively

In a nutshell, using the TikTok program helped pupils enhance their speaking abilities Students expressed positive views on the usage of TikTok in language learning The TikTok app made the classroom atmosphere more enjoyable and intriguing Students were driven and enthused about participating conversation on TikTok during the learning process TikTok can also help students and teachers approach learning materials more conveniently By learning through TikTok, students can relate to their daily lives and the process of learning new knowledge can be more meaningful

Summary of the chapter

To sum up, this chapter presented the results from the questionnaire data, the students’ test grade before and after the treatment to answer the two research questions which investigated (1) students' perceptions of the TikTok and (2) the effectiveness of TikTok on learning and teaching English's speaking skills The discussion on the key findings in comparison with those from related studies were also presented

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion

The research was conducted to investigate the perceptions and the use of the TikTok application in learning and teaching English speaking skills by grade 9 students at Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school The study showed that generally, all the students had a high awareness of the important of speaking skills and the effectiveness of TikTok application on improving them Therefore, almost all of the students had positive perceptions of the use of TikTok application as a learning and teaching tool

The results of the experiments are illustrated by the students’ engagement in class interactions and discussion, as well as their performance in front of the class in terms of pronunciation, fluency, and speaking confidence Students were more engaged in their learning processes The TikTok app could potentially utilized in the classroom to increase students' enjoyment and relaxation during speaking sessions It can help students overcome their fear of public speaking It can boost pupil enthusiasm and self- esteem Using the TikTok app can help students overcome their anxiety about speaking in front of others

Furthermore, the increased grades after the treatment also illustrated the effectiveness of applying TikTok in developing English The pupils' pre-test scores were poor, but they improved after treatment sessions A remarkable performance was recognized As a result, using the TikTok App as a teaching and learning tool can help students enhance their English’ speaking abilities.

Implications

The current study's findings have various pedagogical implications for students and teachers

Teachers should be more innovative in their teaching in order to improve students' speaking abilities and avoid boredom in the classroom During this digital era, teachers have privilege since there are many appropriate media that can be used to boost up their teaching Since TikTok has been proved to improve learners’ vocabulary, pronunciation,

79 grammar, fluency, and comprehension, it should be applied in classroom activities to help increase student motivation, communication, and participation in the lessons The instructor can use TikTok application to establish an engaging teaching learning environment in order to motivate students to improve their English

TikTok, an application that makes learning English more entertaining, is now available to students as a new medium for improving their English speaking abilities Because the design of this app requires student engagement, they must be active in their learning This technique has been shown to increase pupils' speaking abilities Furthermore, it can be accessed anywhere and at any time Students have a responsibility in learning English to not only rely on the information provided in the classroom, but also to practice more at home.

Limitations

Although this study has been successful in achieving its aims, it, like other research, was not without inevitable limitations The limitation of this study is that a small scale of the data was used for analysis With the number of 35 students in Huynh Khuong Ninh secondary school, the data are, obviously, not large enough A small-scale study might signify that the findings are not conclusive and may lead to the restriction of quantitative analysis

The second was the consideration of classroom time management and connection to the Internet When the researcher initially entered the classroom and began using the TikTok method, the slow internet connection greatly limited the ability to organize the time during one lesson.

Recommendations for further research

To generalize the results of this study, the researcher strongly advises that further researchers should investigate more into the TikTok app Since this study focuses on speaking abilities, other researchers should conduct tests with other types of data so that the results of various studies on different skills can be compared Constructive critics and helpful pieces of advice are really accepted and appreciated for the sake of this research perfection

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Questionnaire

1 I always learn new words from

TikTok that are crucial for speaking

2 Through TikTok, I can learn how to pronounce words correctly

3 Grammar is one of the factors that makes me not confident when I talk

From TikTok, I learn Grammar tips that boost my confident

4 I can learn useful gestures, emotions, and intonation from

5 Due to the necessity of being able to speak English in the future, using

TikTok as one of my learning tools might inspire me to enhance my speaking skills

6 Using TikTok improve my interaction

7 TikTok makes me feel enjoyable and fascinating, so I do not feel bored

8 TikTok speaking practice helps me overcome my anxiety of speaking incorrectly

9 Duet challenges that last for a short time make me addicted to do the speaking practice by record it

10 TikTok is a useful tool for honing your speaking abilities

Question in speaking test

1 What is your favorite food?

2 Do you think you’re a healthy person?

3 In general, do Vietnamese people have healthy eating habit?

4 Today a lot of teenagers eat too much junk food Do you think it can be harmful to their health?

1 Where is the best place you’ve ever been on holiday?

2 Do you like to travel alone or in a group?

3 Is tourism something that only rich people take part in?

4 An organized tour to remote areas is increasingly popular and brings about many benefits Do you agree with this?

1 Have you ever been under pressure?

2 What do you do to manage it?

3 What skills do teenager need to cope with stress?

4 Who will you ask for advice when you are under pressure? Why?

1 What would you like to do when you’re older?

2 Do you want to work for yourself or for somebody else?

3 Are there any skills you will have to learn for your career in the future?

4 Should we make plan to choose a career path?

1 Do you like the city you are living in now?

2 Which city do you want to go to?

3 What are the drawbacks of big cities?